Your Custom Quiz
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., on hip toggle stabilization, what was the most challenging step reported during the procedure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
- Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
- Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
- Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
- Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
- No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-6-VS-espinel-2
In Lopez Barroso 2026 et al., on sacroiliac screw accuracy, which component allowed the screw and washer to be delivered through the guide system?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mean SI joint reduction was 94.25%, exceeding the 90% target considered important to reduce screw loosening
- Mean sacral width purchase was 82.52%, with all screws achieving >60%—a threshold for reducing implant loosening risk
- All 20 screws were accurately placed within the sacral body, confirmed via CT or radiographs
- A 3D-printed drill guide and table-bound system facilitated consistent screw placement via minimally invasive technique
- Craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles were well controlled (mean CCA = –1.22°, DVA = 0.71°), demonstrating accurate trajectory
- No intraoperative complications were reported; all pilot holes drilled on first attempt
- Use of fluoroscopy and orthogonal imaging enhanced surgical accuracy and reduced malposition risk
- The system permitted screw placement through a sleeve that doubled as a muscle retractor, allowing implant delivery without disruption
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Accuracy of a table‐bound reduction and drill guide system for minimally invasive sacroiliac screw placement in cats
2026-1-VS-lopezbarroso-2
In Horwood 2024 et al., on complications in luxoid hip dysplasia, what was the most common surgical revision performed for dorsal luxation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Luxoid hip dysplasia (LH) was present in 8% of THA cases and significantly increased risk of major complications (p < .001).
- Intraoperative fissures/fractures were 3x more likely in LH dogs vs non-LH (39% vs 16%, p = .001).
- Dorsal luxation was more frequent in LH dogs (28% vs 4%, p = .019).
- Acetabular cup placement with ALO >35° was associated with luxation in LH dogs.
- Morphologic abnormalities (e.g., femoral valgus, lateralization/medialization of cortices) were common in LH and may complicate implantation.
- Despite higher risk, 94% of LH dogs achieved satisfactory outcomes after appropriate revisions.
- Younger age and lighter weight characterized LH dogs (mean age 14.7 months vs 40.9 months, p < .001).
- All LH dogs were treated with cementless stems; prophylactic cerclage was rarely used.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Complications and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in dogs with luxoid hip dysplasia: 18 cases (2010–2022)
2024-4-VS-horwood-3
In Boone 2026 et al., on feline urolith surgery, what was the clinical recurrence rate of urolithiasis in cats undergoing modified percutaneous cystolithotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) resulted in significantly shorter skin incisions and hospitalization duration compared with open cystotomy (OC) (p=.002 and p=.031, respectively).
- PCCLm cats had fewer immediate postoperative lower urinary tract signs and were more often asymptomatic postoperatively than OC cats (p=.046 and p=.006).
- Rates of incomplete urolith removal were similar between PCCLm and OC, indicating no clear advantage in stone clearance for either technique.
- No PCCLm procedures required conversion to open surgery, demonstrating technical feasibility in cats.
- Clinical urolith recurrence rates were low and similar between PCCLm (10.5%) and OC (8.6%).
- In PCCLm, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer anesthesia time, longer hospitalization, larger incision length, and postoperative LUTS.
- In OC, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer surgery time and obstructed/distended bladders at presentation.
- PCCLm is an acceptable minimally invasive alternative to OC, although it did not reduce surgical site infection rates or incomplete stone removal.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2026
Outcomes and comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy and traditional open cystotomy in 52 cats
2026-4-vs-boone-4
In Frapwell 2026 et al., on humeral condyle morphology, what morphometric change was most significantly associated with HIF in affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- HIF-affected dogs had significantly greater angle A and B, indicating increased axial articular angulation of the medial and lateral humeral condyle (p < .001).
- Vertical condylar height (lengths a and b) was significantly greater in HIF-affected dogs compared to controls (p = .007 and p < .001 respectively).
- Angle G (dorsal plane medial condyle angle) was also significantly greater in HIF-affected dogs, suggesting altered medial humeral morphology (p < .001).
- The angle between axial surfaces (A–B angle) was significantly more acute in HIF dogs (107.4° vs. 114.2°, p < .001), suggesting potential for increased shear force.
- Springer Spaniels with HIF showed significantly greater angulation and vertical height than unaffected Springer controls (p < .001 to .007 across variables).
- Morphological differences persisted across non-spaniel breeds, reinforcing that altered condylar geometry is not breed-restricted.
- Authors propose that greater condylar angulation contributes to shear stress, orthogonal to the fissure, possibly contributing to HIF pathogenesis.
- These morphologic alterations could inform future screening or preventive strategies, and may explain variable surgical outcomes and implant failure.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Analysis of humeral condylar morphology in dogs with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2026-1-vs-frapwell-1
In Enright 2022 et al., on adrenalectomy outcomes, what was the observed effect of preoperative alpha-blocker therapy on long-term survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- 83% of dogs survived to discharge after adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma.
- Median survival time post-discharge was 1169 days (3.2 years).
- Preoperative alpha-blocker therapy (e.g., phenoxybenzamine) was not associated with improved survival.
- Dogs receiving alpha-blockers had higher intraoperative systolic BP, with median values 170 mmHg vs. 142 mmHg in non-treated dogs (P = .01).
- Intraoperative arrhythmias occurred in 30% of cases, with no difference between dogs receiving alpha-blockers and those not.
- Histologic vascular invasion occurred in ~70% of tumors.
- Tumor recurrence was suspected in 3 dogs, and metastasis in 8 dogs, though not histologically confirmed in most cases.
- Postoperative complications included refractory hypotension, acute kidney injury, and hypertension persisting >48 hours in 10 dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Short‐ and long‐term survival after adrenalectomy in 53 dogs with pheochromocytomas with or without alpha‐blocker therapy
2022-3-VS-enright-2
In Nash 2024 et al., on esophageal pH monitoring, which technique was used to place the pH probe?
🔍 Key Findings
- Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
- Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
- Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
- Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
- Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
- Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
- No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
- Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs: A reference
2024-8-VS-nash-3
In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, which surgical step was used to harvest the omentum for grafting?
🔍 Key Findings
- Free autologous omentum grafting (OG) successfully reconstructed distal limb wounds in dogs, with complete epithelialization achieved in all treated wounds (13 wounds in 10 dogs).
- Mean wound size at treatment was 25.96 ± 16.27 cm², indicating the technique was used for relatively large distal limb defects.
- Average time to wound healing was 59.5 ± 11.1 days, demonstrating effective closure despite challenging distal limb anatomy.
- By 30 days postoperatively, wounds decreased to ~18.9% of their original area, reflecting rapid contraction and epithelialization after graft placement.
- No major complications occurred, while minor complications included infection (2 dogs) and swelling or discharge (10 dogs).
- Cosmetic and functional outcomes were excellent, with no lameness and partial to complete hair regrowth in all dogs.
- The omentum’s biological properties (angiogenic factors, stem cells, immunomodulation) likely contributed to improved wound healing and vascularization of the wound bed.
- Free OG may serve as an alternative to traditional grafting techniques, though prospective controlled studies are needed before routine recommendation.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Autologous, free omentum grafts for large, open, distal limb wounds in dogs: Technique and outcome in 10 dogs
2026-2-vs-makar-5
In Nash 2024 et al., on GER frequency, what was the upper reference limit for distal GER events per hour?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
- Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
- Upper reference limits:
- Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
- Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
- Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
- Median values (normal):
- Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
- Proximal GER events per hour: 0
- Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
- No regurgitation observed in any dog
- No major adverse events with probe use
- Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs; a reference
2024-1-VS-nash-1
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., on hip toggle stabilization, which structure was consistently avoided during toggle placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
- Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
- Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
- Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
- Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
- No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-6-vs-espinel-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings