Your Custom Quiz
In McCarthy 2022 et al., on 3D drill guide accuracy, what was the primary proposed benefit of using a 3D-printed guide?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed drill guides (3D-GDT) significantly reduced craniocaudal and dorsoventral drilling angle deviation compared to free-hand drilling technique (FHDT), with statistical significance (p < .0001 and p = .01 respectively).
- No sacral corridor breaches occurred with 3D-GDT, whereas FHDT resulted in 20% drill exit incidences (3/15 cases).
- 3D-GDT had lower deviation from optimal drill trajectory at end points in all axes: craniocaudal (1.84 ± 1.6 mm vs. 4.18 ± 2.4 mm), dorsoventral (1.11 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mm), and 3D linear (2.47 ± 1.4 mm vs. 5.35 ± 2.2 mm), all statistically significant.
- Strong correlation (r = 0.77) between CT and 3D software measurements validated method reliability.
- 3D guide trajectories showed consistent proximity to the optimal trajectory, especially at drill endpoints, indicating reduced variability in execution.
- 3D-GDT was developed using open-source software and inexpensive materials, supporting future clinical application.
- Major errors in FHDT occurred primarily at the drill endpoint, underscoring the challenge of maintaining optimal angulation during free-hand drilling.
- The sacral corridor was recharacterized as pyramidal (not quadrilateral), with implications for safer implant placement.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Accuracy of a drilling with a custom 3D printed guide or free‐hand technique in canine experimental sacroiliac luxations
2022-1-VS-mccarthy-5
In Bae 2025 et al., on SI screw orientation, what clinical recommendation arises from the findings?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
- Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
- Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
- Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
- All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
- Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
- Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Effect of thread direction on rotational stability in lag-screw fixation of sacroiliac luxation: An ex vivo cadaveric study in small-breed dogs
2025-2-VS-bae-5
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, what was the likelihood of dogs on NSAIDs at recheck requiring a change in management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-4
In Smith 2024 et al., on ergonomics and preferences in veterinary laparoscopy, which grip type was preferred by surgeons for suturing and knot tying?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
- Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
- Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
- Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
- Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
- Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
- Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
- Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Variables affecting surgeons’ use of, and preferences for, instrumentation in veterinary laparoscopy
2024-3-VS-smith-2
In Chan 2025 et al., on partial cuneiformectomy in BOAS dogs, which preoperative factor was significantly associated with higher odds of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Partial cuneiformectomy (PC) did not increase complication rates compared to multilevel surgery alone (overall complications: PC = 16.3%, non-PC = 19.4%; p = .758).
- Major complication rates were not significantly different (PC = 11.6%, non-PC = 7.4%; p = .482).
- Significant improvement in BOAS grade was observed in dogs undergoing PC (p < .0001).
- BOAS index improved significantly in both groups, with greater median reduction in the PC group (28.5%) than non-PC (20.7%) (p < .0001).
- Low body condition score (BCS <4) was significantly associated with higher complication rates (odds ratio = 0.452; p = .004).
- Hospitalization duration did not differ between groups (median = 1 day; p = .743).
- Mortality was low (3.5%) in the PC group despite more severe airway disease, suggesting the technique is safe even in advanced collapse.
- The technique widened the rima glottidis without damaging surrounding structures, reducing airflow resistance and preserving laryngeal function.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Complication rate and outcomes of laryngeal cuneiformectomy in dogs with advanced laryngeal collapse
2025-6-VS-chan-3
In Stoneburner 2024 et al., on MIS survey results, what was the most cited reason for performing MIS techniques?
🔍 Key Findings
- The survey included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents from ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS. 98.2% had performed soft tissue minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
- In the past year, surgeons reported a median caseload of 90% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced laparoscopy, and 10% thoracoscopy; for residents: 100% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced, 0% thoracoscopy.
- Laparoscopic ovariectomy and OHE were the most commonly performed MIS procedures, with most respondents proficient in basic laparoscopy, but few performing advanced laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
- Top barriers to MIS adoption were: lack of consistent caseload, lack of training, difficult learning curve, equipment limitations, and cost.
- 76.6% of surgeons and 92.9% of residents received MIS training during residency. Those trained had completed residency median 6 years ago, compared to 22 years ago for those without MIS training (p < .001). Perceived adequate training correlated with higher proficiency.
- MIS was recognized as having a steep learning curve, but patient benefits (mean score 4.0/5) were the top motivation — less pain, faster recovery, improved visualization.
- The authors conclude basic laparoscopy is widely adopted, but advanced and thoracoscopic MIS remain underutilized. Training and access are key to future growth.
- Expanded training and improved access to equipment are necessary to promote broader integration of MIS into veterinary soft-tissue surgery.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in small animal surgery: A 2020 survey of small animal surgical diplomates and residents
2024-5-VS-stoneburner-5
In Turner 2025 et al., on TPA changes after SH-1/2 fracture repair, which breed was most represented in the study cohort?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
- Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
- Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
- Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
- Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
- Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
- Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
- K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Tibial Plateau Angle Changes following Repair of Salter–Harris Type 1 and 2 Fractures in Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-turner-5
In Galliano 2022 et al., on vascular access ports, which factor did **not** correlate with the development of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- SVAPs placed in axillary (aSVAP) or femoral/external iliac veins (fSVAP) during limb amputation remained functional in 92.3% and 100% of cases, respectively.
- Complication rates were lower in aSVAP (23.1%) and fSVAP (0%) compared to jSVAP (47.4%), although not statistically significant (P = .12).
- No catastrophic complications occurred with aSVAP or fSVAP; 2 deaths occurred with jSVAP due to port-related issues.
- Infection-related port removal was needed in 1 aSVAP (7.7%) and 2 jSVAPs (10.5%) — no removals were required in fSVAPs.
- Tip placement of the catheter (e.g., right atrium vs. vena cava) did not correlate with complications (P = .66).
- Shorter surgical time likely with aSVAP/fSVAP as they use the same surgical field as the limb amputation.
- Survival time median was similar across groups (jSVAP: 177 days, aSVAP: 125 days, fSVAP: 122 days).
- SVAP implantation during limb amputation offers a practical and safe alternative to separate jugular placement.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Subcutaneous vascular access port implantation in the axillary or femoral/external iliac vein at the time of full limb amputation in dogs
2022-7-VS-galliano-4
In Maeta 2022 et al., on total cystectomy in cats, what describes the surgical modification to the ureter for the stomal anastomosis?
🔍 Key Findings
- First reported case of total cystectomy and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat using a modified Toyoda technique.
- Histologically complete tumor resection was achieved, with tumor-free ureter and urethral margins >20 mm.
- The modified Toyoda technique involved shaping the ureter into a fish-mouth aperture and anastomosing it to a rectangular skin defect for stomal formation.
- Incontinence was managed using a diaper changed every 6–8 hours, with no dermatological complications.
- Obstruction of the right ureter occurred 14 months post-op, associated with a subcutaneous nodule at the anastomosis site.
- Despite incontinence, owner satisfaction and perceived quality of life were high, with the cat living ~16 months post-op.
- The stents were removed on days 7 (left) and 28 (right) postoperatively, with initial patency maintained until 14 months.
- This surgical approach may offer palliative or curative benefit for feline trigonal TCC where partial cystectomy is not feasible.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Modified Toyoda technique for total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat
2022-8-VS-maeta-4
In Rocheleau 2023 et al., on shoulder stabilization, which complication was more common with bone anchor placement than with suture-toggle stabilization?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopically assisted stabilization with an IAD was feasible in cadaveric canine shoulders using both bone anchor and suture-toggle techniques.
- Suture-toggle repair was successfully performed in all specimens, while bone anchors could not be deployed in 3/10 shoulders, indicating lower feasibility.
- Median surgical time was shorter for the suture-toggle group (25.5 min) compared to the anchor group (37.3 min).
- Postoperative abduction angles returned to baseline in the anchor group, while the suture-toggle group had slightly reduced angles, suggesting possible overtightening.
- Violation of the articular surface occurred in 2 anchor specimens and 1 suture-toggle specimen, but none were considered likely to be clinically significant.
- Overall targeting accuracy using the IAD was 88%, supporting its utility in guiding tunnel/anchor placement.
- CT measurements showed acceptable bone stock and insertion angles, but anchor insertion angles were lower than optimal for mechanical pullout strength.
- Suture-toggle technique was considered simpler and more consistent, with fewer complications and faster execution than anchor placement.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Ex vivo evaluation of arthroscopically assisted shoulder stabilization in dogs using an intra-articular aiming device
2023-4-VS-rocheleau-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings