Your Custom Quiz
In Ramsey 2025 et al., on tibial alignment, what was the mean postoperative increase in tibial plateau angle (TPA) with straight interlocking nails?
🔍 Key Findings
- Straight interlocking nails (sILN) resulted in a significantly higher postoperative TPA compared with the contralateral limb (+5°), whereas bent nails (bILN) increased TPA by only +1°.
- Bent interlocking nails achieved closer-to-anatomic tibial plateau alignment than straight nails (p < .0001).
- Both techniques resulted in mild valgus malalignment (~2°) compared with the contralateral limb, but this was not clinically significant.
- No significant differences in medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were detected between groups.
- Medullary canal fill was higher with bent nails (by ~6.6%), suggesting improved coaxial nail placement.
- Missed bolt hole frequency did not differ between straight and bent nail techniques.
- Complication rates were very low, with only one clinically relevant malalignment reported in the bent nail group.
- Despite higher TPA in the straight nail group, no increased incidence of CCL rupture was identified during follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Comparison of tibial alignment following bent or straight interlocking nail fixation for dogs with diaphyseal tibial fractures
2025-8-vs-ramsey-1
In Sisk 2024 et al., on intramedullary nails, what biomechanical property is most affected by increasing nail diameter?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- IMN provides relative stability, resists bending/torsion due to central axis alignment
- Larger diameter nails = exponentially greater stiffness (∝ D⁴)
- Trade-off: Larger interlocking holes weaken fatigue strength of the nail
- Reaming increases contact/stability but has pros/cons:
- Improves outcomes in closed fractures
- May reduce endosteal blood flow in thin-walled bones (e.g., cats)
- Design advances:
- Angle-stable IMN reduce rotational slack
- Expandable nails simplify insertion but may compromise removal or compressive load resistance
- Precontoured nails match bone curvature but lack consistent clinical superiority
- Material debates continue (e.g., titanium vs. stainless steel vs. magnesium)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Biomechanical Principles of Intramedullary Nails in Veterinary and Human Medicine
2024-6-VCOT-sisk-1
In Timmermans 2026 et al., on soft palate changes post-BOAS surgery, which of the following best describes the rostral thickness (RTH) outcome in both treatment groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Soft palate length, volume, and cross-sectional area decreased significantly after both folded flap palatoplasty (FFP) and standard staphylectomy (STS).
- Middle thickness (MTH) of the soft palate decreased after STS but increased after FFP, indicating FFP may not thin the soft palate long-term.
- Rostral thickness (RTH) increased in both groups, suggesting regional variation in healing or remodeling.
- Clinical improvement (exercise tolerance) occurred in most dogs: 6/8 in FFP and 10/10 in STS group.
- One major complication in FFP group led to death despite revision surgery; another mortality occurred in STS group (likely due to severe laryngeal collapse).
- No difference in minor complication rates between FFP and STS groups.
- Histological remodeling or edema may explain lack of MTH reduction in FFP at 3 months.
- Immediate postoperative imaging may be needed to evaluate initial reduction effects of FFP.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Evaluation of soft palate thickness in brachycephalic dogs 3 months after folded flap palatoplasty versus standard staphylectomy
2026-1-VS-timmermans-5
In Brisimi 2022 et al., on tracheal anastomosis tension, which statement is true?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
- Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
- All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
- Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
- Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
- Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
- Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
- Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of age on resistance to distraction after tracheal anastomoses in dogs: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-brisimi-2
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, what did the authors conclude regarding the value of routine radiographs in clinically normal dogs post-MPL surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-3
In Redolfi 2024 et al., what was the most common major complication observed after TPLO-TTT?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Study of 24 stifles in 22 dogs with concurrent CCLR and grade III–IV MPL treated via TPLO-TTT
- Major complications: 4/24 (3 surgical site infections, 1 MPL reluxation); minor complications: 5/24
- Long-term follow-up (median 27 months): 21/22 dogs sound, 23/24 stifles resolved
- Patellar ligament thickening observed post-op in 4 cases, resolved with rehab
- The only case of MPL reluxation involved untreated tibial torsion, suggesting case selection is critical
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Complications and Long-Term Outcomes after Combined Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Tibial Tuberosity Transposition for Treatment of Concurrent Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Grade III or IV Medial Patellar Luxation
2024-1-VCOT-redolfi-2
In Bower 2025 et al., on radial diaphyseal exposure, which risk is more associated with the craniomedial approach?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniomedial and craniolateral approaches provided comparable exposure of the feline radial diaphysis (p > .05).
- Mean exposed surface area was slightly greater with the craniolateral approach, both including and excluding the supinator muscle, but differences were not significant.
- Elevation of the supinator muscle increased exposure for both approaches.
- Cadaver weight and limb side did not significantly affect exposure area.
- The craniolateral approach allows easier patient positioning in lateral recumbency without traction or an assistant.
- Craniolateral access facilitates dual bone fixation (radius and ulna) through a single approach.
- The craniomedial approach carries greater risk to median and radial nerves during muscle elevation.
- Findings validate the craniolateral approach as a practical alternative for feline antebrachial fracture repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Comparison of exposure of the feline radial diaphysis by the craniomedial and craniolateral surgical approaches for repair of antebrachial fractures
2025-8-VS-bower-5
In Anderson 2025 et al., on wound drain configurations, which anatomical location had the highest consistency in fluid retrieval?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Cadaveric model using four large-breed dogs with 10x10 cm full-thickness wounds at four locations (shoulder, thorax, flank, thigh).
- Configurations Tested: Diagonal, opposite, parallel, and perpendicular placements of wound infusion catheter and JP drain.
- Fluid Retrieval:
- No significant difference by configuration (p = .92) or location (p = .32).
- Perpendicular configuration had the highest mean retrieval (11.35 mL, 56.8% of instilled volume).
- Flank location had the lowest retrieval (7.2 mL, 35.9%).
- Surface Area Coverage:
- Parallel configuration achieved the highest SA coverage (83.4% ± 11.6%, p < .01).
- Perpendicular was lowest.
- Leakage:
- No difference in leakage between configurations (p = .74) or locations (p = .10).
- Leakage commonly occurred at drain or catheter entry points (93.8% of wounds).
- Conclusion: Parallel drain configuration optimized fluid dispersion. Infusion-retrieval systems may allow for topical therapy delivery in closed wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Application and influence of four drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in a cadaveric canine wound infusion-retrieval system model
2025-2-VS-anderson2-4
In Neal 2023 et al., on transcondylar screw placement, what was the main finding comparing trajectory angle between aiming device and fluoroscopy in right thoracic limbs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Aiming device provided comparable trajectory accuracy to fluoroscopy, especially in right limbs (1.9° vs. 3.4°, p = .0128).
- Eccentricity (deviation from condylar center) was lower with fluoroscopy (3.1 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = .0017), making fluoroscopy more precise.
- Odds of joint infringement were 8× higher with the aiming device, though not statistically significant (p = .0575).
- Residents had greater screw trajectory deviation than diplomates (p = .0366), highlighting impact of experience.
- Aiming device procedures took less time than fluoroscopy in some scenarios, particularly for right limbs with right-handed surgeons.
- Fluoroscopic procedures had more pin/drill attempts, increasing risk of glove puncture and potential aseptic breaks.
- Mean deviation angles in both groups (<3.5°) were within acceptable range to avoid intracondylar fracture gap.
- Cadaver model used large-breed, healthy adult dogs, not small-breed immature dogs, limiting generalizability.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
The effect of an aiming device on the accuracy of humeral transcondylar screw placement
2023-4-VS-neal-1
In Burton 2023 et al., on CHAPS plate design, what was the median surface match percentage across cadaveric humeri?
🔍 Key Findings
- The Canine Humeral Anatomic Plating System (CHAPS) was designed using CT-based 3D modeling of 100 canine humeri from 5–50 kg.
- Four plate sizes (TP1–TP4) were developed to accommodate a wide range of canine body sizes.
- Plate contour fit was evaluated across 48 cadaveric limbs and showed a 97.5% median surface match, demonstrating excellent topographic conformity.
- Screw hole placement avoided 95–100% of critical anatomical structures including the supratrochlear foramen and nutrient foramen.
- The plates were designed for use with locking screws, improving biomechanical stability for humeral diaphyseal fractures.
- CHAPS plates showed consistent alignment with humeral curvature in both craniocaudal and mediolateral planes.
- CT data revealed marked breed and size variation, but the multi-size design achieved broad anatomical applicability.
- The system provides an anatomic solution with potentially fewer intraoperative contouring needs and reduced iatrogenic risk.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Design and topographic evaluation of a canine humeral anatomic plating system (CHAPS)
2023-3-vs-burton-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings