Your Custom Quiz
In Rustemeyer 2026 et al., on elbow arthroscopy extravasation, what happened to contrast intensity in the arthroscopy group compared with controls?
🔍 Key Findings
- Elbow arthroscopy significantly increased periarticular extravasation of injected contrast compared with simple arthrocentesis (mean volume 11,663 mm³ vs 6,548 mm³; p < 0.0001).
- Contrast intensity was significantly lower after arthroscopy (739 HU vs 2,069 HU), indicating dilution and leakage into surrounding tissues.
- Extravasation occurred immediately after injection, with no significant changes in volume or intensity during the 15-minute observation period.
- Average difference in contrast volume was ~5,115 mm³ greater after arthroscopy, supporting portal-related fluid leakage.
- Diffuse periarticular spread of contrast was observed on CT in arthroscopy joints, whereas arthrocentesis controls maintained well-contained intraarticular contrast.
- Cadaveric CT imaging with 3D segmentation effectively quantified intra- and extracapsular contrast distribution.
- Dilutional effects (≈64% reduction in intensity) suggest both irrigation fluid residue and tissue diffusion contribute to extravasation.
- Clinical implication: intraarticular therapeutics (e.g., orthobiologics) may achieve higher effective concentrations if injected later rather than immediately after arthroscopy.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
1
2026
Extravasation of Intraarticular Fluid Injection Following Canine Elbow Arthroscopy: A Cadaveric Study
2026-1-vcot-rustemeyer-3
In Maeta 2022 et al., on total cystectomy in cats, how long did the cat survive postoperatively before death at home?
🔍 Key Findings
- First reported case of total cystectomy and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat using a modified Toyoda technique.
- Histologically complete tumor resection was achieved, with tumor-free ureter and urethral margins >20 mm.
- The modified Toyoda technique involved shaping the ureter into a fish-mouth aperture and anastomosing it to a rectangular skin defect for stomal formation.
- Incontinence was managed using a diaper changed every 6–8 hours, with no dermatological complications.
- Obstruction of the right ureter occurred 14 months post-op, associated with a subcutaneous nodule at the anastomosis site.
- Despite incontinence, owner satisfaction and perceived quality of life were high, with the cat living ~16 months post-op.
- The stents were removed on days 7 (left) and 28 (right) postoperatively, with initial patency maintained until 14 months.
- This surgical approach may offer palliative or curative benefit for feline trigonal TCC where partial cystectomy is not feasible.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Modified Toyoda technique for total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat
2022-8-VS-maeta-2
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, what percentage of dogs showed objective improvement in VFSS gastric filling scores after surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-3
In Horwood 2024 et al., on complications in luxoid hip dysplasia, what femoral morphological abnormality was frequently seen and may complicate stem placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Luxoid hip dysplasia (LH) was present in 8% of THA cases and significantly increased risk of major complications (p < .001).
- Intraoperative fissures/fractures were 3x more likely in LH dogs vs non-LH (39% vs 16%, p = .001).
- Dorsal luxation was more frequent in LH dogs (28% vs 4%, p = .019).
- Acetabular cup placement with ALO >35° was associated with luxation in LH dogs.
- Morphologic abnormalities (e.g., femoral valgus, lateralization/medialization of cortices) were common in LH and may complicate implantation.
- Despite higher risk, 94% of LH dogs achieved satisfactory outcomes after appropriate revisions.
- Younger age and lighter weight characterized LH dogs (mean age 14.7 months vs 40.9 months, p < .001).
- All LH dogs were treated with cementless stems; prophylactic cerclage was rarely used.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Complications and outcomes of total hip arthroplasty in dogs with luxoid hip dysplasia: 18 cases (2010–2022)
2024-4-VS-horwood-4
In Lomas 2025 et al., on DPO and dorsolateral subluxation, what plate angle resulted in the greatest increase in DLS score postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- DPO significantly improved femoral head coverage, increasing mean DLS from 36.1% to 71.4% postoperatively (p < 0.001).
- No significant change in DLS between immediate postoperative and follow-up scans, suggesting stable surgical outcomes over time.
- Greater plate angle (30°) yielded larger DLS improvement (mean increase: 39.8%) compared to 25° and 20° plates.
- Only 3 hips had post-op DLS scores <55%, indicating most patients had lower risk of osteoarthritis progression.
- No correlation found between DLS improvement and age, body weight, or side of surgery, suggesting broad applicability.
- CT was used for DLS measurement in simulated weight-bearing, improving precision over radiographic methods.
- Major limitations included small sample size, multiple surgeons, and variable sedation vs anesthesia during imaging.
- DPO confirmed as effective for reducing dorsolateral subluxation, improving coxofemoral joint congruency in dysplastic dogs.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
The Impact of Double Pelvic Osteotomy on Dorsolateral Subluxation in 24 Dogs
2025-2-VCOT-lomas-3
In Weichert 2026 et al., on feline CMF fractures, orbital fractures were most commonly located in which region of the orbit?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mandibular fractures were the most common injury, occurring in 40/48 cats, often affecting multiple mandibular regions simultaneously.
- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injuries were frequent, present in 27/48 cats, with 23 fractures and 4 luxations, most commonly involving the condylar process.
- Maxillofacial fractures involving nasal and palatal structures occurred in 36/48 cats, frequently producing airway obstruction due to fragment displacement or swelling.
- Orbital fractures occurred in 30/48 cats, predominantly affecting the dorsomedial orbital wall and often associated with nasal airway obstruction.
- Pterygoid bone fractures (25/48) were clinically important, frequently causing medial displacement and obstruction of the nasopharyngeal airway.
- Combined involvement of multiple functional systems was common, with 36/48 cats showing concurrent injuries affecting oral cavity and nasal airway function.
- Neurocranial fractures were uncommon (6/48) but occurred only in cases with severe, multifocal CMF trauma.
- CT imaging was essential for diagnosis, as many orbital and skull fractures were difficult or impossible to detect clinically.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Assessment of Fracture Distribution and Involvement of Functional Systems Following Craniomaxillofacial Trauma in 48 Cats
2026-2-vcot-weichert-4
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which of the following instruments was noted to have **inconsistent factor analysis results** across validation studies?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-3
In Ellis 2024 et al., what was the significant finding in the MCP HU values in Guide Dogs vs Border Collies?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 86 elbows assessed: 32 Guide Dogs, 11 Border Collies
- Guide Dogs showed significantly higher HU values in:
- MCP: min (p = 0.022), mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Humeral trochlea: mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Results imply breed-associated HU variation, not necessarily pathologic sclerosis
- Relevance: Important to avoid false positives for elbow dysplasia during CT-based breeding screens
- Good interobserver agreement for mean HU values (ICC ~0.82–0.90)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Comparison of Hounsfield Units within the Humeral Trochlea and Medial Coronoid Process in a Population of Labrador X Golden Retriever Guide Dogs and Border Collies
2024-3-VCOT-ellis-1
In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what is the proposed advantage of creating a TD to AV anastomosis over traditional TD ligation and cisterna chyli ablation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-5
In Johnson 2022 et al., on PET implant outcomes, what fixation method was used for securing the implant to bone?
🔍 Key Findings
- Only 2 of 10 PET implants were fully intact and functional at 6 months post-op.
- Owner-reported function (LOAD scores) improved by 51.7% (p = .008) over 6 months.
- Gait asymmetry improved by 86% (p = .002) postoperatively.
- Implant failure occurred in the midbody of the PET device, suggesting fatigue as a failure mechanism.
- One dog (10%) developed implant infection, necessitating implant removal.
- Implant fixation method (screws + washers + interference screw) was mechanically adequate and technically simple.
- Partially intact implants (4/10) still showed improved clinical outcomes, despite structural compromise.
- Midbody tearing and lack of long-term integrity prohibit continued use of this PET implant in CCL repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Outcome of cranial cruciate ligament replacement with an enhanced polyethylene terephthalate implant in the dog: A pilot clinical trial
2022-8-VS-johnson-5
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Key Findings