Your Custom Quiz
In Schneider 2025 et al., on axillary LN extirpation, what percentage of removed axillary lymph nodes contained tumor-related pathology?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
- Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
- No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
- Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
- Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
- Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
- False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
- The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Axillary lymph node removal for staging cancer; description of a lateral approach and application in 44 tumor-bearing dogs
2025-6-VS-schneider-2
In Banks 2023 et al., on TECA-LBO in brachycephalic dogs, which diagnostic imaging findings were significantly more common in EBBs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Extreme brachycephalic breeds (EBBs) presented more acutely and at younger ages, most often with neurological signs compared to other breeds.
- Preoperative signs such as facial nerve paresis, vestibular syndrome, and Horner’s syndrome were significantly more common in EBBs.
- EBBs showed more severe imaging findings, including higher rates of otitis interna (46.3% vs. 8.5%) and brainstem changes (17.5% vs. 3%).
- Intraoperative complications were more frequent in EBBs (11.1% vs. 5.3%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .078).
- Perioperative complication rates did not differ significantly between EBBs and other breeds (23.5% vs. 29.3%).
- Surgical time was significantly longer in EBBs (median 115 vs. 95 minutes; p = .011).
- MRI or combined CT/MRI were more frequently used in EBBs, likely due to the higher prevalence of neurological signs.
- Despite anatomical challenges, complication rates in EBBs were comparable, supporting TECA-LBO safety in these breeds.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Influence of extreme brachycephalic conformation on perioperative complications associated with total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy in 242 dogs (2010–2020)
2023-5-VS-banks-4
In Mullen 2024 et al., on NIRF for GDV, what intraoperative variable was significantly different between viable and nonviable groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
- Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
- In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
- Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
- GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
- Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
- Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
- No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study
2024-4-VS-mullen-5
In Berger 2023 et al., on elbow COR estimation, which axis provided the most consistent approximation of the elbow joint COR in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
- In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
- In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
- Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
- The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
- COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
- External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
- Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
2023-1-VS-berger-3
In Burton 2025 et al., on antebrachial conformation, what is a proposed biomechanical consequence of increased PRUDA?
🔍 Key Findings
- PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
- PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
- UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
- Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
- Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
- Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2025-4-VS-burton-5
In Dickerson 2023 et al., on surgical outcomes in hepatic abscessation, which surgical intervention was most commonly performed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
- Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
- Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
- Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
- Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
- Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
- No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
- E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Outcome in 38 dogs surgically treated for hepatic abscessation
2023-1-VS-dickerson-1
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, which clinical sign most commonly led to a change in postoperative management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-5
In Longo 2025 et al., on MITA, what percentage of dogs achieved complete osseous union?
🔍 Key Findings
- 15 dogs underwent minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis (MITA); 10 partial, 5 pantarsal.
- Mean time to radiographic union: 1.8 ± 0.5 months.
- Mean time to clinical union: 3.7 ± 0.8 months.
- Complete osseous union: 46%; the rest achieved ≥50% with functional weightbearing.
- Complication rate: 26% major (mostly implant-related); no catastrophic complications or plantar necrosis.
- Functional outcomes: 6 full, 8 acceptable, 1 unacceptable (not due to MITA).
- MITA may lower soft tissue complications vs open approaches and enable faster healing.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis in 15 dogs
2025-1-VS-longo-2
In Jeon 2025 et al., on distal femoral shortening, what was the **main indication** for performing DFSO during THR in dogs with luxoid hips?
🔍 Key Findings
- Distal femoral shortening osteotomy (DFSO) enabled prosthesis reduction in all 4 dogs with irreducible luxoid hips undergoing total hip replacement.
- Median femoral shortening ratio was 13.8% (range: 10.7–15.3%) based on intraoperative tension needed for prosthesis reduction.
- Bone union was achieved in all cases post-DFSO, indicating good healing potential.
- Two major complications occurred: one prosthetic luxation and one aseptic stem loosening requiring explantation.
- One intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred during trial reduction before DFSO.
- DFSO did not result in neurovascular injury, even in cases with significant femoral head displacement (>4 cm).
- Radiographic planning with FHD index and intraoperative assessment were crucial for determining DFSO necessity.
- DFSO avoids complications linked to subtrochanteric osteotomy by preserving proximal femoral anatomy and allowing secure distal fixation.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Distal femoral shortening osteotomy for managing irreducible hips during total hip replacement in four dogs with severe luxoid hips
2025-6-VS-jeon-1
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, which of the following best describes the surgical approach used for the myotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-2
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings