🔍 Key Findings

• Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
• Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
• Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
• All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
• LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
• IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
• IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
• Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively

🔍 Key Findings

• Bending tees significantly increased mediolateral bending stiffness, but not craniocaudal stiffness, in plate-bone constructs.
• Mean mediolateral stiffness was 43.2 N/mm with tees vs. 41.1 N/mm without (p = 0.0042), though the absolute difference was small.
• No significant differences were found in craniocaudal bending stiffness between constructs with or without tees (p = 0.89).
• Plastic deformation occurred in all constructs; no screw pull-out or implant breakage was observed.
• SOP nodes may resist compressive but not tensile deformation, suggesting variable mechanical contributions depending on loading direction.
• Craniocaudal bending had greater stiffness than mediolateral due to higher area moment of inertia along the node diameter.
• Clinical relevance of added stiffness from tees remains unclear, warranting further in vivo and cyclic testing.
• This was the first study to directly test SOP constructs with/without tees over a fracture gap in multiple planes.

🔍 Key Findings

• 20 dogs (26 shoulders) evaluated at mean 3.5 years post-surgery after arthroscopic or open debridement.
• Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and decreased range of motion (↓ extension, ↓ flexion) in affected limbs compared to contralateral healthy shoulders.
• All treated shoulders developed osteoarthritis, confirmed radiographically, by CT, and arthroscopically.
• Moderate to severe synovitis was present in all shoulders; lesions showed patchy, incomplete cartilage infilling even up to 8.9 years post-op.
• Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in PVF/VI between affected and unaffected limbs, despite mild lameness clinically.
• Owners reported good to very good mobility (median LOAD = 6), often underestimating clinical lameness.
• CT detected larger lesion dimensions than radiographs (wider, deeper defects).
• Despite progression of OA, surgical debridement was associated with satisfactory long-term function, though not prevention of degenerative changes.

🔍 Key Findings

• Multidetector CTA had high sensitivity (up to 100%) and specificity (up to 96%) for detecting medial meniscal tears in dogs.
• Observer experience significantly influenced diagnostic accuracy, with more experienced observers showing higher agreement and better performance.
• Training effect was evident, as less experienced observers improved between first and second readings.
• Positive likelihood ratios ≥4.6 and negative likelihood ratios ≤0.08 were observed, suggesting CTA is clinically useful for confirming or ruling out meniscal injury.
• CTA allowed identification of full and partial thickness lesions, with good visualization in sagittal, transverse, and frontal reconstructions.
• Approximately 90% of menisci were correctly classified in second readings.
• No adverse reactions were noted from the contrast injection; sedation was used instead of general anesthesia.
• CTA was less invasive and potentially more cost-effective compared to arthroscopy, especially in settings without MRI access.

🔍 Key Findings

• Owner-reported regurgitation improved after CMS, especially post-eating and during activity (P = .012 and P = .002)
• No significant improvement in VFSS measures of SHH or GER postoperatively (P > .05 for all comparisons)
• Laryngeal ventriculectomy and soft palate resection were performed in all dogs, alaplasty in 14/16
• Aspiration pneumonia occurred in 1 dog immediately post-op and resolved with treatment
• Post-op esophagoscopy results varied, with persistent esophagitis in some cases
• Clinical response was variable, with ~25–30% of dogs being “non-responders” based on owner scoring
• 13/16 dogs showed partial or full clinical improvement, despite no change in objective SHH/GER indicators
• Final follow-up at median 36.5 months showed some dogs still on medical therapy; one underwent further surgery

🔍 Key Findings

40 dogs underwent splenectomy using 16 bipolar vessel sealing devices (VSDs)
Devices were reused up to 4 times after handwashing and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization
Biologic debris was found in 100% of devices, specifically under the transection blade, even after a single use

• Mostly scant (14/16) or mild (2/16) debris

No devices or debris yielded positive aerobic culture after EtO sterilization
EtO sterilization proved microbiologically effective despite visible residue
Perioperative failure rate: 1 device (malfunctioned during first activation)

🔍 Key Findings

• Locked facet injuries in dogs involved unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra, most commonly at C5/6 or C6/7.
• All affected dogs were small/toy breeds, typically following trauma (most often attacks by larger dogs).
• Neurologic severity ranged from ambulatory tetraparesis to tetraplegia, often with thoracic limb deficits more severe than pelvic limbs — suggesting a central cord syndrome-like pattern.
• CT and MRI revealed axial rotation, subluxation, and articular process displacement; MRI showed T2 hyperintensity, nerve root impingement, and soft tissue changes.
• Surgical treatment included ventral fixation with screws, pins, and PMMA, and one case required dorsal facetectomy for reduction.
• Medical management, including external coaptation or rest, also resulted in functional recovery in select cases.
• All dogs with follow-up data (8/8) had functional recovery, with nonambulatory dogs regaining ambulation in a median of 4 weeks.
• No consistent differences in outcome were observed between surgical and nonsurgical management, suggesting locked facets may be biomechanically stable.

🔍 Key Findings

• 73 elbows (52 dogs) underwent randomized medial or lateral transcondylar screw placement for HIF.
• Lateral-to-medial placement resulted in a significantly higher rate of complications (62.2%) vs medial-to-lateral (19.4%) (p = .001).
• Odds ratio for complications: 6.11 (95% CI: 2.13–17.52).
• Most common complications: seromas (n = 13), surgical site infections (n = 16).
• Implants with lower AMI/bodyweight were significantly associated with major complications (p = .037).
• Only 4 procedures (5%) required revision surgery (major type I complications), with no difference by screw direction.
• NNT = 2.3 for medial placement to prevent one complication.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified preputial urethrostomy without penile amputation was successfully performed in 4 male dogs with urethral stenosis or trauma.
• The technique involved anastomosis of the pelvic urethra to the preputial mucosa via caudal celiotomy, avoiding perineal urethrostomy complications.
• No cases of skin scalding or stoma stenosis were reported during short- and long-term follow-up.
• Two dogs developed mild urinary incontinence, particularly when excited; one improved with phenylpropanolamine.
• The approach preserved local anatomy, avoiding penile amputation, osteotomies, and preputial dissection.
• Postoperative urinary catheterization was used to protect the anastomosis, although optimal duration remains debated.
• Surgical access via the linea alba minimized tension at the anastomosis site and avoided complications from paramedian approaches.
• This technique may serve as a viable alternative to prepubic urethrostomy, reducing urine-related skin complications and improving cosmetic outcome.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Validate a new 3D CT-based method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with MPL, comparing it to a traditional method.

Sample: 40 tibiae from client-owned dogs with MPL (primarily small-breed).

Repeatability (intraobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.99 → excellent agreement

Reproducibility (interobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.83 → high agreement
• Traditional method: ICC = 0.52 → moderate agreement

Torsion angle measurements:

• New method avg: 16.00° ± 8.77
• Traditional method avg: 8.76° ± 4.92

Conclusion: The new method is more repeatable, reproducible, and provides higher torsion values than the traditional Aper method, especially reliable for small-breed dogs.