Your Custom Quiz
In Vandekerckhove 2024 et al., which factor **did not** significantly affect LImax?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Used VMBDmD to quantify hip laxity under increasing force in cadaveric dogs (n=34).
- 90% of hips reached ≥90% of LImax at 95.32 N, defining this force as sufficient for subluxation.
- LImax was not significantly influenced by osteoarthritis, weight, sex, or limb side.
- Position of device (lever length) influenced rate of laxity acquisition, not final LImax.
- LI curves were repeatable across 5 sessions, indicating elastic—not plastic—deformation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantifying the Stress in Stress Radiographs to Determine Sufficient Laxity of the Coxofemoral Joint
2024-1-VCOT-vandekerckhove-2
In McNamara 2022 et al., on transoral endoscopic arytenopexy, what was the mean percentage increase in rima glottis area (RGA) following the TEA procedure?
🔍 Key Findings
- TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52 cm³ to 0.78 cm³ (p < .0001)
- Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
- LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
- TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
- TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
- Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
- No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
- Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Description and evaluation of a novel transoral endoscopic arytenopexy in canine cadavers
2022-7-VS-mcnamara-2
In Song 2024 et al., on CT vs cystoscopy for ectopic ureters in dogs, what was the sensitivity of CT for intramural ectopic ureters?
🔍 Key Findings
- CT correctly identified ectopic ureters in 91% of dogs, but missed 50% of normal ureters, limiting its negative predictive value.
- Sensitivity for intramural ectopic ureters was 65%, while specificity was 71%, indicating moderate diagnostic performance.
- Sensitivity for extramural ectopic ureters was only 29%, despite a high specificity of 97%.
- CT was inaccurate in predicting ureteral orifice location, with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 76% depending on the site.
- 26% of dogs were misclassified for cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA) eligibility based on CT findings alone.
- Overall CT accuracy for CLA candidacy was 74%, but a significant minority would have been inappropriately treated.
- Multivariate analysis found no predictive factors (e.g., colon distension, body weight) for when CT would be incorrect.
- Authors recommend confirmatory cystoscopy to verify CT findings prior to treatment planning.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Receiver operating characteristics of computed tomography (CT) compared to cystoscopy in diagnosis of canine ectopic ureters: Thirty-five cases
2024-3-VS-song-2
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in cats, which complication occurred in 2 cadavers due to stapling too close to the lesser curvature?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
- Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
- No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
- Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
- Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
- Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
- No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
- Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-6-VS-buote2-2
In Schuenemann 2025 et al., on biceps tenodesis, what LOAD score pattern was observed in the cohort?
🔍 Key Findings
- Case series of 6 shoulders in 5 working/sporting dogs. Conditions treated: 3 partial biceps ruptures, 3 luxations with fraying.
- All treated with biceps tenodesis using a bioabsorbable anchor (Weldix 2.3 mm).
- All dogs returned to function (some to high-level sports); lameness resolved within 1–5 weeks.
- No implant-related complications with anchor-only cases. One dog had seroma and later infection but recovered.
- Tendon clamp (used in 2 cases) caused irritation in one dog → resolved after removal.
- CT follow-up confirmed integrity; drill holes filled with bone.
- Median LOAD score: 12; higher in older dogs or with concurrent conditions.
- Authors suggest tenodesis offers more stability and faster return to function than tenotomy in working dogs.
- Larger, controlled studies are recommended.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Biceps tenodesis with a bioabsorbable bone anchor using BoneWelding technology: Results in six clinical cases (5 dogs)
2025-4-VS-schuenemann-5
In Chen 2024 et al., on pressure-measurement tools, what was the largest mean error observed among the tested devices?
🔍 Key Findings
- WMg (water manometer with gauge) was the most accurate and precise pressure measurement device.
- APT (arterial pressure transducer) was less accurate than WMg but still precise; it differed significantly from the gold standard (WMr).
- CCT (Compass CT) was the least accurate and precise and differed significantly from the set pressure.
- Mean differences from set pressure were smallest for WMg (−0.020 cm H2O), moderate for APT (−0.390 cm H2O), and largest for CCT (−1.267 cm H2O).
- All devices showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 1.000) and intraobserver agreement (ICC range 0.985–0.998).
- Even though the CCT performed least well, all devices had mean errors ≤1.3 cm H2O, indicating potential clinical utility.
- WMg or WMr should be preferred in surgical settings due to superior accuracy and precision.
- Measurement precision is more critical than accuracy during PSS surgery, as a 1 mm Hg (~1.3 cm H2O) increase in portal pressure raises odds of poor outcomes by 9%.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Accuracy, precision, and interobserver and intraobserver agreements related to pressure-measurement devices
2024-4-VS-chen-2
In Tobias 2025 et al., on frontal sinus mucoceles, what was the most common presumed etiology in affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Frontal sinus mucoceles occurred in young dogs, often linked to prior skull trauma by 10 months of age.
- All dogs presented with expansile, fluid-filled lesions causing facial swelling; CT showed multicentric bone erosion, including the frontal bone and cribriform plate.
- Surgical options included frontal sinusotomy with either sinus lining ablation or re-establishment of nasofrontal drainage, with or without stenting.
- Nasofrontal stenting led to long-term resolution in most dogs, although recurrence occurred in 4/8 dogs, requiring revision surgery in 3.
- Complications were minor and included swelling or nasal discharge; no intraoperative complications were reported.
- Histology confirmed sterile mucoceles with neutrophilic inflammation and mucin, and cultures were negative in all cases.
- Guaifenesin was used postoperatively in several cases to reduce mucus viscosity; its benefit is unproven in dogs but may support drainage.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Clinical findings and outcomes of eight dogs with surgically treated frontal sinus mucoceles
2025-6-VS-tobias-1
In Larose 2024 et al., on fluorescence cholangiography, how did high-dose ICG (0.5 mg/kg) affect fluorescence contrast early in imaging?
🔍 Key Findings
- Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
- Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
- Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
- Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
- No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
- Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
- Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
- Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
2024-4-VS-larose2-4
In Gibson 2024 et al., on mediastinoscopy in dogs, what lymph node was **most consistently retrieved** using the SILS-port technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mediastinoscopy was technically feasible in large-breed canine cadavers using a SILS port and standard laparoscopic instruments.
- The left tracheobronchial lymph node (LTBLN) was successfully retrieved in all cadavers (7/7), while cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were retrieved in only 1/7.
- Postprocedural pleural gas was observed in 4/7 cadavers, likely due to CO₂ insufflation.
- Instrument limitations with a human-designed mediastinoscope led to preference for laparoscopic instruments and SILS port for improved access and visualization.
- Complication rates were low, with only two minor (Grade 1) adverse events (pleural tear and LN rupture).
- Obesity and mediastinal fat were cited as potential challenges to visualization and node retrieval.
- NASA-TLX workload scores were lowest for tracheobronchial nodes, indicating these were the easiest to access.
- The authors concluded this approach may facilitate minimally invasive biopsy or resection of cranial mediastinal masses in live dogs, but clinical trials are needed to validate safety and efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Evaluation of mediastinoscopy for cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymphadenectomy in canine cadavers
2024-5-VS-gibson-1
In Jeong 2025 et al., on contoured saw guide vs jig, which statement is correct regarding *osteotomy torsion*?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPLO with the contoured saw guide achieved more accurate osteotomy angles for both inclination and torsion in bone models and cadaveric limbs (p < .05).
- Medial cortical damage was significantly lower with the contoured guide (247 vs. 1866 pixels in bone models; p < .001).
- No significant difference in eccentricity (distance between actual and intended osteotomy center) was found between groups.
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) was similar between groups (6.4° vs. 7.6°; p = .15), though both were slightly higher than the target of 6°.
- Deviation in medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) showed no significant group difference; valgus deformity occurred in both.
- Osteotomy and device application times were similar between the contoured guide and jig-assisted TPLO.
- The contoured guide eliminated the need for proximal jig pin, potentially reducing intra-articular pin risk.
- The guide's multiple pin fixation system improved stability and alignment, supporting safer osteotomy on curved tibial surfaces.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Evaluation of a contoured saw guide for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs
2025-7-VS-jeong-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings