Your Custom Quiz
In Larose 2024 et al., on laparoscopic liver biopsies in dogs, what was the key clinical implication of using a 3 mm CBF in small dogs for liver biopsy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Histologic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm biopsies was 90%, with a Gwet's AC1 of 0.81 (p < .0001).
- 5 mm biopsies yielded significantly more portal triads and lobules than 3 mm samples (p = .0003 and p < .0001).
- Crush artifacts were significantly higher in 3 mm samples (p = .035), though fragmentation scores were similar (p = .935).
- Both forceps produced adequate samples for histopathology, copper quantification, and bacterial culture.
- No hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred, and both sizes were deemed safe and minimally invasive.
- Surface area ≥40 mm² strongly predicted ≥11 portal triads, a desirable threshold for reliable histopathology.
- Use of 3 mm instruments was easier in small dogs (<12 kg), but more challenging in larger dogs due to shaft length.
- Clinical diagnoses were unaffected by forceps size, even in the one discordant histologic pair.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Comparing 3 mm and 5 mm laparoscopic liver biopsy samples in dogs
2024-4-VS-larose1-4
In Jeon 2025 et al., on distal femoral shortening, which **complication was observed intraoperatively** during the THR procedure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Distal femoral shortening osteotomy (DFSO) enabled prosthesis reduction in all 4 dogs with irreducible luxoid hips undergoing total hip replacement.
- Median femoral shortening ratio was 13.8% (range: 10.7–15.3%) based on intraoperative tension needed for prosthesis reduction.
- Bone union was achieved in all cases post-DFSO, indicating good healing potential.
- Two major complications occurred: one prosthetic luxation and one aseptic stem loosening requiring explantation.
- One intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred during trial reduction before DFSO.
- DFSO did not result in neurovascular injury, even in cases with significant femoral head displacement (>4 cm).
- Radiographic planning with FHD index and intraoperative assessment were crucial for determining DFSO necessity.
- DFSO avoids complications linked to subtrochanteric osteotomy by preserving proximal femoral anatomy and allowing secure distal fixation.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Distal femoral shortening osteotomy for managing irreducible hips during total hip replacement in four dogs with severe luxoid hips
2025-6-VS-jeon-3
In Bae 2025 et al., on SI screw orientation, how much greater was peak torque in RhRSI compared to RhLSI?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
- Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
- Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
- Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
- All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
- Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
- Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Effect of thread direction on rotational stability in lag-screw fixation of sacroiliac luxation: An ex vivo cadaveric study in small-breed dogs
2025-2-VS-bae-3
In Seger 2026 et al., on gossypiboma outcomes, which of the following was the most frequently observed clinical sign at re-presentation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intra-abdominal gossypibomas were most common, with 20/21 cases located within the abdominal cavity.
- Most cases (11/21) resulted from ovariohysterectomy, highlighting this as a common inciting surgery.
- Time to presentation varied, with median of 13.5 days and signs like pyrexia, abdominal pain, and anorexia being common.
- Only 4/21 cases had perioperative sponge counts reported, indicating poor compliance with surgical safety protocols.
- Radiographic indicators were often absent, complicating imaging-based detection.
- Urgent reoperation was needed in nearly half (10/21) of the animals, emphasizing the acute presentation and need for rapid surgical intervention.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 4/21 animals, including sepsis, SIRS, and incontinence; 2 did not survive to discharge.
- Overall prognosis was favorable, with 19/21 animals surviving to discharge and 15 reported as doing well at 2-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Presentation, diagnosis, and management of gossypibomas in veterinary specialty hospitals: A multi-institutional study of 21 cases
2026-1-vs-seger-2
In Zweig 2025 et al., on healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, what conclusion was reached regarding non-surgical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
- Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
- Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
- Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
- Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
- Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
- Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
- Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Treatment outcome and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in skeletally mature dogs: 21 cases (2016–2023)
2025-6-VCOT-zweig-5
In Banks 2024 et al., on postoperative outcome, what was the median achieved TPA in the full clinical sample?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Study Design: Retrospective study of 100 radiographs using in silico and clinical data
- Mean preoperative TPA: 28.6°, higher in small dogs than large (p = .02)
- Mean planned TPA (in silico): 7.6°, not achieving 5° target (p < .01)
- Median postoperative TPA: 5.5° overall; higher in small dogs (7°) vs large (4.5°) (p = .06)
- Postoperative ostectomy position: More distal than recommended; average = 8.6 mm
- Increased distalization → greater under-correction of TPA (p = .01)
- Most accurate correction occurred when ostectomy was ≤7.5 mm from patellar tendon
- Wedge angle categories (TPA-Pre minus 5–2°) were used based on pre-op TPA
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
2024-1-VS-banks-1
In Mullen 2024 et al., on NIRF for GDV, what was the typical NIRF finding in histologically confirmed necrotic gastric regions?
🔍 Key Findings
- NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
- Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
- In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
- Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
- GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
- Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
- Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
- No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study
2024-4-VS-mullen-3
In Katz 2022 et al., on meniscal flounce sign, what was the sensitivity of the flounce sign for identifying normal menisci?
🔍 Key Findings
- A positive meniscal flounce sign was associated with normal menisci in 95.5% of cases, demonstrating strong predictive value.
- Absence of the meniscal flounce sign was associated with meniscal tears in 92.7% of cases.
- Overall diagnostic accuracy of the flounce sign was 94.6%, with 96.6% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity.
- Most tears in flounce-negative stifles were bucket-handle tears (73.8%), while radial tears were present in some flounce-positive stifles.
- Radial tears did not consistently eliminate the flounce sign, suggesting they may not disrupt meniscal fiber tension sufficiently.
- All procedures were arthroscopically performed, with probing and visualization of the medial meniscus' caudal pole.
- Flounce sign should complement, not replace, probing—especially as some tear types (e.g., radial) may not abolish the sign.
- Limb positioning and joint distraction may affect flounce visibility, introducing minor observer variability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy
2022-2-VS-katz-3
In Boone 2026 et al., on feline urolith surgery, which variable was significantly lower in cats undergoing modified percutaneous cystolithotomy compared with open cystotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) resulted in significantly shorter skin incisions and hospitalization duration compared with open cystotomy (OC) (p=.002 and p=.031, respectively).
- PCCLm cats had fewer immediate postoperative lower urinary tract signs and were more often asymptomatic postoperatively than OC cats (p=.046 and p=.006).
- Rates of incomplete urolith removal were similar between PCCLm and OC, indicating no clear advantage in stone clearance for either technique.
- No PCCLm procedures required conversion to open surgery, demonstrating technical feasibility in cats.
- Clinical urolith recurrence rates were low and similar between PCCLm (10.5%) and OC (8.6%).
- In PCCLm, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer anesthesia time, longer hospitalization, larger incision length, and postoperative LUTS.
- In OC, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer surgery time and obstructed/distended bladders at presentation.
- PCCLm is an acceptable minimally invasive alternative to OC, although it did not reduce surgical site infection rates or incomplete stone removal.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2026
Outcomes and comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy and traditional open cystotomy in 52 cats
2026-4-vs-boone-1
In Banse 2022 et al., on skill retention methods, how did performance outcomes compare between SI and MI groups 3–4 weeks after instruction?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spaced instruction (SI) improved immediate performance on the first learned skill compared to massed instruction (MI) in both LSU and LMU cohorts.
- Cognitive load was higher in MI students at LMU, particularly in physical demand, effort, and frustration, while LSU showed no significant cognitive load differences.
- Skill performance differences disappeared after 2 weeks of supervised practice, regardless of instructional format.
- Time to complete skills improved over time, but this did not always correlate with improved checklist or global rating scores.
- Intrinsic cognitive load increased when teaching more complex or related surgical tasks in the same session.
- Initial skill complexity and prior exposure may influence effectiveness of spaced vs massed instruction.
- Supervised practice sessions are critical to eliminate initial skill disparities between instructional methods.
- Massed instruction may still be acceptable if followed by scheduled practice opportunities.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Teaching veterinary surgical skills: Comparison of massed versus spaced instruction
2022-7-VS-banse-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings