Your Custom Quiz
In Mullins 2023 et al., on thoracolumbar pin placement, which grading outcome was **not** observed with either technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both free-hand probing (FHP) and 3D-printed guides (3DPG) enabled accurate spinal pin placement, with 87.5% vs 96.4% of pins graded as optimal (Grade I).
- 3DPGs had fewer intraoperative deviations (0/56 pins) compared to 6/56 with the FHP technique.
- No pins using either method fully breached the medial vertebral canal (Grade IIb) — a critical safety outcome.
- Pins placed using 3DPGs required less time overall (mean 2.6 min) than FHP (mean 4.5 min).
- FHP required specific experience and has a learning curve, whereas 3DPG use requires CAD software and 3D printing access.
- FHP had more lateral canal violations (Grade IIIa: 4/56 vs 0/56 for 3DPG), suggesting slightly less precision.
- Both techniques were safe, and all deviations were recognized and corrected intraoperatively.
- 3DPGs may offer practical advantages in clinical settings lacking surgical expertise, while FHP allows immediate intervention without 3D printing delay.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free-hand probing technique versus 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides: An ex-vivo study
2023-5-VS-mullins-2
In Peng 2025 et al., on grading reliability, … what was the main limitation of remote grading identified?
🔍 Key Findings
- Remote respiratory function grading (RFG) had poor to moderate reliability compared to in-person assessment.
- Expert graders had higher agreement with in-person scores than novices (Cohen’s kappa 0.37–0.48 vs. 0.21–0.47).
- Interobserver agreement was moderate among experts (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.59) and poor among novices (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.39).
- Remote recordings suffered from background noise, short clip durations, and technical limitations of electronic stethoscope recordings.
- Final RFG scores were based on the highest grade across categories (respiratory noise, inspiratory effort, dyspnea/cyanosis/syncope).
- Clinical impact: Only in-person grading reliably supports decisions for surgical intervention or breeding restrictions.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Comparison of remote and in-person respiratory function grading of brachycephalic dogs
2025-3-VS-peng1-3
In Cherzan 2023 et al., on subcutaneous mast cell tumors, which characteristic was **not** significantly associated with recurrence, DFI, or survival in dogs with subcutaneous mast cell tumors?
🔍 Key Findings
- Local recurrence occurred in 17.8% of dogs, and was associated with significantly decreased survival (551 vs 1722 days, p = .0038).
- Lymph node metastasis occurred in 26.7% of dogs and was significantly associated with shorter disease-free interval (194 vs not reached, p = .0012) and lower survival (551 vs 1722 days, p = .043).
- Mitotic index >7 was significantly associated with higher recurrence (80% vs 22.5%, p = .02), shorter DFI (139 vs not reached days, p < .001), and shorter survival (247 vs 1722 days, p = .05).
- Infiltrative growth pattern was associated with shorter DFI (268 vs 1864 days, p = .011), but not with survival or recurrence.
- Incomplete margins (≤1 mm) were not significantly associated with recurrence (p = .085), but did correlate with shorter DFI (p = .043).
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy was associated with shorter DFI and survival, likely due to selection bias for more aggressive disease.
- Tumor size >3 cm was associated with decreased survival (p = .031), but not with recurrence or DFI.
- Multinucleation and necrosis were not associated with prognosis outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Factors affecting prognosis in canine subcutaneous mast cell tumors: 45 cases
2023-4-VS-cherzan-3
In González Montaño 2023 et al., on traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP), which finding prompted surgical intervention in 3 dogs with TPP?
🔍 Key Findings
- Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP) were diagnosed in 11 patients (9 dogs, 2 cats) using CT after blunt trauma.
- TPPs were identified on radiographs in 64% of cases that were CT-confirmed, highlighting the superior sensitivity of CT.
- Most cases (7/10) were managed conservatively, with complete recovery and no TPP-related mortality.
- Thoracic surgery (lung lobectomy) was performed in 3 dogs, due to persistent pneumothorax or large TPP with perceived risk of complications.
- All pneumothorax cases were managed with thoracostomy tubes, and chest drains were used in 73% of cases.
- Pneumothorax was present in 100% of patients, often bilateral, and pulmonary contusions were reported in 73%.
- One cat was euthanized due to unrelated maxillofacial trauma; no deaths were attributed to TPP itself.
- Long-term follow-up (median 768 days) revealed only 1 case with possible TPP-related pneumonia; others had no complications.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts in nine dogs and two cats
2023-4-VS-gonzalezmontano-4
In Scott 2023 et al., on thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy, what proportion of dogs **required conversion to open thoracotomy** during surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- TA lung lobectomy was feasible in dogs ≥3 kg, including those with lesions up to 10 cm.
- 12 intraoperative complications (40%) occurred, with 6 dogs (20%) converted to open thoracotomy, mainly due to adhesions or inability to isolate lobes.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 dogs (27%), most were mild (63%), and only 1 death (3%) was reported.
- Median hospitalization was 47 hours; 29/30 dogs were discharged successfully.
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was attempted in 7 dogs but successfully maintained in only 4.
- Linear staplers had shorter surgery times (median 57.5 min) than endoscopic staplers (80 min).
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in 77% of cases, most commonly papillary and bronchioalveolar carcinoma.
- TA lobectomy allows MIS in smaller dogs or with large lesions, avoiding need for full thoracotomy or complex anesthesia/stapling.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs
2023-1-VS-scott-2
In Low 2024 et al., on TCS for HIF, what was the overall complication rate across all elbows?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 47 dogs (57 elbows) underwent TCS placement for HIF
- Overall complication rate = 17.5%
- Minor: seromas (7 elbows)
- Major: septic arthritis (3 elbows) — all resolved with antibiotics
- No screw failures, medial epicondylar fractures, or catastrophic outcomes noted
- Long-term follow-up in 41 dogs (50 elbows):
- 90% full function, 10% acceptable function
- Mean follow-up = ~2.5 years
- Increased age was significantly protective (p = 0.0051; OR = 0.61)
- TCS placement method (freehand, guide, aiming device) significantly impacted screw angulation but not complication rate
- Outcome not affected by presence of complications
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Long-Term Outcome and Complications after Transcondylar Screw Placement for Canine Humeral Intracondylar Fissure
2024-4-VCOT-low-1
In Monnet 2023 et al., on barbed vs conventional suture in vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA), despite reduced suturing time, what is a clinical limitation of using unidirectional barbed suture for VUA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Leakage pressure was not significantly different between unidirectional barbed suture (UBS) and conventional (C) suture groups (p = .236).
- UBS group had a 28% lower median leakage pressure than the C group (8.6 mmHg vs. 11.7 mmHg), suggesting higher biological risk of leakage.
- UBS significantly reduced suturing time (median 12.7 vs. 17.3 minutes; p < .0002).
- Fewer suture bites were needed in the UBS group (median 14 vs. 19; p = .012).
- No suture breakage or urethral narrowing occurred in either group.
- Leakage site distribution (ventral vs lateral) was similar between groups; no dorsal leaks noted.
- Leakage occurred as low as 5 mmHg in UBS group, indicating potential for postoperative extravasation.
- UBS may aid intracorporeal suturing in minimally invasive prostatectomy, but catheterization remains necessary postoperatively.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Influence of conventional versus unidirectional barbed suture on leakage pressures in canine vesicourethral anastomosis: An ex-vivo study
2023-5-VS-monnet-5
In Sandoval 2024 et al., on lung lobectomy technique outcomes, what was the survival to discharge rate across all cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intra- and postoperative complications occurred only in stapled lobectomies, but the difference was not statistically significant (intra: p = .069, post: p = .112).
- Intraoperative hemorrhage was the most common complication (11.8%), followed by air leakage (2%).
- All self-ligating loop (SLL) lobectomies had zero complications (n=18), though the sample was small.
- Postoperative complications included 4 catastrophic events (cardiopulmonary arrest), all in stapled cases.
- Lung lobectomy technique was not associated with duration of chest tube use, hospitalization, or survival (p > .05).
- 94.3% of patients survived to discharge (82/87).
- SLLs are lower-cost and may be more feasible for thoracoscopic/minimally invasive approaches due to smaller port size (5mm vs. 12mm for staplers).
- A future superiority study would need ≥103 lobectomies per group to assess differences in complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Short‐term outcomes of dogs and cats undergoing lung lobectomy using either a self-ligating loop or a thoracoabdominal stapler
2024-7-VS-sandoval-4
In Spies 2024 et al., on EHPSS in large dogs, what survival rate at 5 years was observed in dogs who underwent surgical attenuation?
🔍 Key Findings
- 63 dogs ≥15 kg with single EHPSS were reviewed.
- Most common breeds: Golden Retriever (28.6%), mixed breed (20.6%).
- Most common shunt types: splenocaval (25.4%) and portocaval (25.4%).
- 45 dogs received surgical attenuation; 18 were medically managed.
- 6.7% (3/45) of surgically treated dogs died due to shunt-related complications; 22.2% (4/18) of medically managed dogs died.
- Hypoplastic portal vein was noted in 52.9% of dogs where portal anatomy was described.
- 37.5% of surviving attenuated dogs were weaned off all medical management.
- Attenuated dogs had higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates (89%, 77%, 77%) than nonattenuated dogs (82%, 49%, 24%).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical presentation and short‐term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2024-2-VS-spies-3
In Kurogochi 2025 et al., on cardioplegia in mitral repair, how did the number of cardioplegia doses differ between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in cardiac troponin I levels 12h post-op between mDN and St. Thomas cardioplegia groups (p = 0.478)
- Sinus rhythm returned faster in the mDN group after aortic cross-clamp removal (median 60s vs 362s, p = 0.027)
- Lower serum potassium at cross-clamp removal in the mDN group (median 4.5 mEq/L vs 5.4, p = 0.005)
- Fewer doses needed in the mDN group (median 2.5 vs 4.0, p = 0.040)
- Higher total crystalloid volume used in mDN group (23.6 vs 12.6 mL/kg, p < 0.001)
- No difference in survival (700-day survival 90% in both groups, p = 0.958)
- No difference in hospitalization duration (median 6 days for both, p = 0.789)
- Echocardiographic remodeling similar between groups at 24h post-op
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Saline‐based modified del Nido cardioplegia versus multidose St. Thomas cardioplegia in canine mitral valve repair: A randomized controlled trial
2025-7-VS-kurogochi-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings