Your Custom Quiz
In Morgera 2022 et al., on stifle surgery draping methods, which of the following was true regarding anesthesia duration between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
- Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
- Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
- Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
- Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
- Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
- Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
- Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Surgical site infection‐inflammation in dogs draped with a single‐layer Kraton elastic seal extremity drape for stifle surgery
2022-3-VS-morgera-5
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, what is the most appropriate placement location for the cerclage to prevent proximal femoral fractures?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-2
In Johnson 2022 et al., on PET implant outcomes, what percentage of implants remained fully intact and functional at 6 months postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Only 2 of 10 PET implants were fully intact and functional at 6 months post-op.
- Owner-reported function (LOAD scores) improved by 51.7% (p = .008) over 6 months.
- Gait asymmetry improved by 86% (p = .002) postoperatively.
- Implant failure occurred in the midbody of the PET device, suggesting fatigue as a failure mechanism.
- One dog (10%) developed implant infection, necessitating implant removal.
- Implant fixation method (screws + washers + interference screw) was mechanically adequate and technically simple.
- Partially intact implants (4/10) still showed improved clinical outcomes, despite structural compromise.
- Midbody tearing and lack of long-term integrity prohibit continued use of this PET implant in CCL repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Outcome of cranial cruciate ligament replacement with an enhanced polyethylene terephthalate implant in the dog: A pilot clinical trial
2022-8-VS-johnson-1
In Woelfel 2022 et al., on cervical locked facets, which best describes the neurologic pattern often observed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Locked facet injuries in dogs involved unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra, most commonly at C5/6 or C6/7.
- All affected dogs were small/toy breeds, typically following trauma (most often attacks by larger dogs).
- Neurologic severity ranged from ambulatory tetraparesis to tetraplegia, often with thoracic limb deficits more severe than pelvic limbs — suggesting a central cord syndrome-like pattern.
- CT and MRI revealed axial rotation, subluxation, and articular process displacement; MRI showed T2 hyperintensity, nerve root impingement, and soft tissue changes.
- Surgical treatment included ventral fixation with screws, pins, and PMMA, and one case required dorsal facetectomy for reduction.
- Medical management, including external coaptation or rest, also resulted in functional recovery in select cases.
- All dogs with follow-up data (8/8) had functional recovery, with nonambulatory dogs regaining ambulation in a median of 4 weeks.
- No consistent differences in outcome were observed between surgical and nonsurgical management, suggesting locked facets may be biomechanically stable.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Subaxial cervical articular process subluxation and dislocation: Cervical locked facet injuries in dogs
2022-1-VS-woelfel-4
In Banse 2022 et al., on skill retention methods, what was the observed benefit of spaced instruction (SI) over massed instruction (MI) in veterinary students?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spaced instruction (SI) improved immediate performance on the first learned skill compared to massed instruction (MI) in both LSU and LMU cohorts.
- Cognitive load was higher in MI students at LMU, particularly in physical demand, effort, and frustration, while LSU showed no significant cognitive load differences.
- Skill performance differences disappeared after 2 weeks of supervised practice, regardless of instructional format.
- Time to complete skills improved over time, but this did not always correlate with improved checklist or global rating scores.
- Intrinsic cognitive load increased when teaching more complex or related surgical tasks in the same session.
- Initial skill complexity and prior exposure may influence effectiveness of spaced vs massed instruction.
- Supervised practice sessions are critical to eliminate initial skill disparities between instructional methods.
- Massed instruction may still be acceptable if followed by scheduled practice opportunities.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Teaching veterinary surgical skills: Comparison of massed versus spaced instruction
2022-7-VS-banse-1
In Miller 2024 et al., on leak testing in cooled feline intestine, what was the maximum duration of cooling tested?
🔍 Key Findings
- No difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) or maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between cooled (17–29 h) and fresh enterotomy constructs.
- Wall thickness of duodenum and jejunum did not differ between fresh and cooled samples.
- Leak locations (suture holes vs clamp sites) were similar between groups; not statistically different.
- Volume of infusion did not influence ILP or MIP outcomes.
- Mean ILP values: Control = 600 mmHg (maxed), Fresh = 200 mmHg, Cooled = 131 mmHg; CE vs FE difference was not significant.
- Intraluminal diameter was largest in the ileum, followed by jejunum and duodenum.
- Cadaveric intestine cooled ≤29h may be reliably used in ex vivo feline leak pressure studies.
- First report of gross small intestinal lengths by region in cats—useful for resection planning.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Cooled feline intestine and fresh intestine did not differ in enterotomy leak pressure testing or in gross wall thickness measurement
2024-5-VS-miller-2
In Johnson 2026 et al., on long-term respiratory outcomes, which statement best describes the observed change in Respiratory Functional Grades (RFGs) after surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Long-term respiratory outcomes after BOAS surgery remained improved vs. preoperative values, with no significant decline over time.
- Short-term and long-term Respiratory Functional Grades (RFGs) improved in 81% of dogs, with 34% improving by two grades.
- BOAS indices improved significantly in both short- and long-term follow-ups (mean decrease ~23–25%), supporting sustained benefit.
- No significant difference between short- and long-term BOAS indices (p = .623), indicating durability of surgical effects.
- Obesity impacted outcomes — dogs with increased RFG at long-term follow-up were more likely to have gained weight.
- Owner-reported outcomes poorly correlated with objective measures — some dogs classified as BOAS-affected were perceived by owners as “normal.”
- Multilevel surgery was common, with palatoplasty, tonsillectomy, sacculectomy, and ala-vestibuloplasty most frequently performed.
- Dogs undergoing revision airway surgery were excluded, possibly biasing long-term outcomes toward favorable results.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Comparison of short- and long-term objective respiratory outcomes after surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2026-1-VS-johnson-2
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which limitation applied to **all 6 OROMs** evaluated?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-4
In Cruciani 2022 et al., on feline pancreaticoduodenostomy, what complication did *not* occur during the follow-up period?
🔍 Key Findings
- Left pancreaticoduodenostomy successfully restored digestive continuity after right lobe and body pancreatectomy in a cat.
- No clinical signs of exocrine or endocrine insufficiency were observed postoperatively up to 225 days.
- Histopathology confirmed chronic pancreatitis with abscess formation and reactive lymphadenopathy.
- No postoperative pancreatitis developed, based on imaging and normal feline pancreatic lipase levels.
- Progressive focal ampulla-like dilation of the pancreatic duct occurred near the anastomosis without clinical signs.
- The cat maintained weight and improved clinically for several months post-op, indicating satisfactory outcomes.
- Surgical technique involved end-to-side anastomosis between the left pancreatic duct and duodenum.
- Ultimately, the cat was euthanized due to disseminated carcinoma, presumed unrelated to the pancreatic surgery.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Left pancreaticoduodenostomy after removal of the right lobe and the head of the pancreas in a cat
2022-8-VS-cruciani-4
In Bergen 2024 et al., on biliary stent use, what was the reason for stent removal in one cat?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Subjects: 11 animals (8 dogs, 3 cats)
- Technique: Uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents (BEMBS)
- Indications: Cholelithiasis, strictures, neoplasia, cholangiohepatitis, etc.
- Success: Patency achieved in all animals surviving to discharge
- Complications:
- Short-term mortality: 2/11 (1 euthanized for SIRS, 1 unknown)
- Long-term issues: cholangiohepatitis, choledocholithiasis, stent occlusion (in cats only)
- Long-term patency:
- Dogs: median 650.5 days
- Cats: median 446 days
- Stent removal possible even after >600 days in some cats
- Clinical outcome: Viable alternative to plastic stents or cholecystoenterostomy
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical use of uncovered balloon‐expandable metallic biliary stents for treatment of extrahepatic biliary tract obstructions in cats and dogs: 11 cases (2012–2022)
2024-2-VS-bergen-5
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings