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In Motta 2026 et al., on feline shoulder arthrodesis, which postoperative complication occurred in one case due to temporary fixation hardware?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSG) enabled accurate surgical planning and osteotomy execution for feline shoulder arthrodesis, improving control of humeroscapular alignment.
- Four cats with severe shoulder pathology (instability, osteoarthritis, recurrent luxation, or glenoid dysplasia) were treated successfully using CAD-planned osteotomies and PSG-assisted fixation.
- Preoperative CT-based planning standardized scapular and humeral axes, allowing planned scapulohumeral arthrodesis angles of 105–110°.
- Postoperative alignment closely matched planned angles, differing by only 2–5°, demonstrating high transfer accuracy from digital planning to surgery.
- All cats were weight-bearing within 48 hours, and long-term follow-up showed good to excellent functional outcomes with only mild mechanical lameness.
- Complications were minor and implant-related, including Kirschner wire migration and screw loosening, neither resulting in catastrophic failure.
- Double plating constructs provided strong stability, and the authors recommend compression or dual-plate fixation to reduce osteotomy strain and improve healing.
- PSG technology may reduce malalignment risk compared with traditional arthrodesis techniques, but requires CAD expertise, 3D-printing resources, and additional surgical planning time.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
1
2026
Feline Shoulder Arthrodesis Using 3D-printed Patient-specific Guides
2026-1-vcot-motta-3
In Picavet 2026 et al., on sesamoid displacement radiography, what occurred to popliteal sesamoid displacement following TPLO surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Popliteal sesamoid displacement (PSD) was identified in 14.4% of dogs with CCLD on preoperative 90° flexion radiographs, indicating it is an uncommon but notable radiographic finding.
- Dogs with PSD had significantly greater cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) preoperatively compared with dogs without PSD.
- Popliteal sesamoid reduction occurred in 100% of cases after TPLO, suggesting that proper TPLO mechanics restore normal sesamoid position.
- Postoperative CTS persisted in all dogs that had preoperative CTS (50.3%), although the magnitude of subluxation was significantly reduced after TPLO.
- Osteotomy positioning (centered vs distally centered) did not significantly influence postoperative CTS, indicating residual translation is not strongly affected by osteotomy placement.
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) showed a weak negative correlation with residual CTS, suggesting lower TPAs may slightly reduce postoperative tibial translation.
- PSD appears to be associated with more pronounced stifle instability prior to surgery, serving as a radiographic indicator of more severe CCLD biomechanics.
- Radiographic evaluation of popliteal sesamoid reduction may provide an additional objective indicator of residual cranio-caudal instability following TPLO.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Radiographic assessment of popliteal sesamoid position and cranial tibial subluxation in canine stifle joints undergoing TPLO: A retrospective study of 163 dogs
2026-2-vs-picavet-3
In Pfeil 2024 et al., on fluoroscopic pinning, how many metabone fractures were treated across all animals?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP) was used to treat 17 animals (15 dogs and 2 cats) with 57 metabone fractures, including various fracture configurations (short-oblique body, physeal, and comminuted).
- All 57 fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pins via FGNMP. The study exclusively focused on pin fixation and did not include screws or combined fixation techniques.
- Median surgical time was 54 minutes (range 26–99 min), indicating efficient procedural execution.
- Radiographic bone union was achieved in all fractures, with a median time to union of 6 weeks (range 4–12 weeks). Union was confirmed in all initially non-united fractures on follow-up.
- No major complications were reported. A single pressure sore at the olecranon resolved uneventfully, and no pin migration or osteomyelitis was observed.
- Pin extensions were noted radiographically (e.g., 42% distal subchondral overextension), but were not associated with clinical problems.
- Fluoroscopic guidance improved implant accuracy and preserved soft tissue, enabling effective fracture alignment and stabilization using this minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) approach.
- The authors concluded that FGNMP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for a variety of metabone fracture types, yielding quick recovery, fast healing, and good to excellent long-term functional outcomes in all 17 cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning
2024-5-VS-pfeil-1
In Bresciani 2022 et al., on modified urethrostomy outcomes, what surgical modification aimed to improve urinary continence?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified prepubic urethrostomy (mPPU) was effective for managing proximal urethral obstructions in male cats.
- All 8 cats regained voluntary urination within 24 hours postoperatively.
- Early urinary incontinence and peristomal dermatitis occurred in all cats but were self-limiting.
- Two cats (25%) required surgical revision due to stomal obstruction from weight gain and abdominal fat.
- No intraoperative complications were reported in any of the 8 cats.
- Follow-up (13–84 months) showed sustained urinary continence and owner satisfaction in all cases.
- The rectus abdominis muscle tunnel likely increased outflow resistance, minimizing persistent incontinence.
- Recurrent hematuria and dysuria occurred in 3 cats but were managed conservatively.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Modified prepubic urethrostomy with body wall tunneling: Description of technique and long-term outcome in eight male cats
2022-2-VS-bresciani-2
In Dickson 2024 et al., on VATS for feline chylothorax, what was the most common postoperative complication?
🔍 Key Findings
- Objective: To evaluate outcomes and complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats.
- All 15 cats underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL); 13 also had simultaneous pericardectomy, 2 had VATS TDL + laparoscopic cisterna chyli ablation (CCA), and 1 cat had an open CCA.
- Median surgical time was 152.5 minutes (range 60–255).
- Contrast was used intraoperatively in 13 cats; 11 received methylene blue, and 2 received indocyanine green (ICG).
- One intraoperative complication (6%) occurred — a minor intercostal artery laceration. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 3 cases (20%) due to visualization issues or bleeding.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cats (53%), with persistent pleural effusion in 5 cats (33%) being the most common.
- Mortality was high: 4 cats (27%) died or were euthanized before discharge. Only 7 of 11 cats discharged had resolution of effusion, and recurrence occurred in 1.
- Authors concluded that while VATS is technically feasible in cats, it did not improve clinical outcomes compared to open surgery, and feline idiopathic chylothorax continues to have a high mortality rate.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcome of video-assisted thoracoscopic treatment of idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats
2024-5-VS-dickson-1
In Zab 2026 et al., on THA stem templating, what clinical recommendation was made when traditional hip-extended radiographs cannot be reliably obtained?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hip-flexed and hip-extended radiographs produced significantly different femoral stem template sizes, confirming the techniques are not interchangeable (p < .0001).
- Hip-extended templating underestimated implanted stem size (mean difference −0.54), whereas hip-flexed templating overestimated implanted size (mean difference +0.30).
- Neither radiographic method consistently predicted the actual implanted femoral stem, emphasizing the importance of intraoperative assessment.
- Flexed projections generated larger template sizes (median stem size 9) than extended projections (median stem size 8).
- Canal flare index (CFI) was significantly higher on flexed views (1.89 vs 1.61; p < .0001), reducing apparent "stovepipe" morphology.
- 88% of extended projections were classified as stovepipe femora versus 44% of flexed projections (p = .0027), suggesting substantial projection-related morphologic distortion.
- Femoral length appeared significantly longer on flexed radiographs (204.8 mm vs 189.3 mm; p < .001), supporting the presence of foreshortening on extended views.
- Hip-flexed radiographs may be a practical alternative when hip extension is not possible, especially in severe OA, but implant selection should remain guided by intraoperative findings.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2026
Comparison of canine femoral implant templating for total hip arthroplasty on 25 sets of craniocaudal extended and caudocranial flexed hip radiographs
2026-4-vs-zab-5
In Picavet 2026 et al., on sesamoid displacement radiography, how frequently did cranial tibial subluxation persist after TPLO in dogs that had preoperative subluxation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Popliteal sesamoid displacement (PSD) was identified in 14.4% of dogs with CCLD on preoperative 90° flexion radiographs, indicating it is an uncommon but notable radiographic finding.
- Dogs with PSD had significantly greater cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) preoperatively compared with dogs without PSD.
- Popliteal sesamoid reduction occurred in 100% of cases after TPLO, suggesting that proper TPLO mechanics restore normal sesamoid position.
- Postoperative CTS persisted in all dogs that had preoperative CTS (50.3%), although the magnitude of subluxation was significantly reduced after TPLO.
- Osteotomy positioning (centered vs distally centered) did not significantly influence postoperative CTS, indicating residual translation is not strongly affected by osteotomy placement.
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) showed a weak negative correlation with residual CTS, suggesting lower TPAs may slightly reduce postoperative tibial translation.
- PSD appears to be associated with more pronounced stifle instability prior to surgery, serving as a radiographic indicator of more severe CCLD biomechanics.
- Radiographic evaluation of popliteal sesamoid reduction may provide an additional objective indicator of residual cranio-caudal instability following TPLO.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Radiographic assessment of popliteal sesamoid position and cranial tibial subluxation in canine stifle joints undergoing TPLO: A retrospective study of 163 dogs
2026-2-vs-picavet-4
In Adams 2022 et al., on C-section survival rates, what relationship was found between C-section litter size and neonatal survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- Neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% overall, with no significant difference between brachycephalic (94.8%) and nonbrachycephalic (91.8%) breeds.
- Elective C-section significantly improved neonatal survival (99.2%) compared to emergency C-section (87.1%) (p < .001).
- Larger C-section litter size was positively associated with survival (p = .004; OR 1.57), whereas total litter size had no effect.
- Maternal heart rate and stage of labor were associated with neonatal mortality in univariable analysis, but not multivariable.
- Brachycephalism alone was not a risk factor for neonatal mortality (p = .221) in multivariable analysis.
- Emergency C-section was the strongest predictor of neonatal mortality (OR 4.75), regardless of breed.
- Multidisciplinary team approach likely contributed to high survival rates, emphasizing importance of coordinated care.
- Historical factors such as primiparity and maternal age were not associated with mortality in this cohort.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section
2022-7-VS-adams-5
In Schmutterer 2024 et al., what was the observed peak pressure in the lateral meniscus at 125° flexion?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Biomechanical study on 14 hindlimbs from Retrievers (cadaveric)
- Three stifle flexion angles tested: 125°, 135°, and 145°
- Contact Force Ratio (CFR) was significantly higher at 125° and 135° than at 145° (p < 0.001)
- Center of force shifted caudally with increasing flexion — especially in medial meniscus
- Lateral meniscus peak pressure was significantly higher at 125° than 145° (p = 0.049)
- Mean pressures on lateral meniscus decreased with extension, while medial meniscus pressure remained constant
- Relevance: Helps interpret meniscal load in early cruciate disease and in surgical modeling
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Evaluation of Meniscal Load and Load Distribution in the Sound Canine Stifle at Different Angles of Flexion
2024-3-VCOT-schmutterer-3
In Cheon 2025 et al., on guide accuracy in DFO, what was a notable advantage of the patient-specific guide?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both patient-specific and universal guides yielded correction errors <2°, with no statistically significant difference in accuracy.
- Universal guide corrected aLDFA up to 24° and AA up to 20°, addressing multiplanar deformities effectively.
- Patient-specific guides allowed for preoperative simulation, providing more stable pin placement and potentially aiding less-experienced surgeons.
- Universal guide eliminated the need for CT-based customization, reducing time and cost.
- Cadaver and bone model trials showed consistent accuracy, validating both methods in vitro and ex vivo.
- No significant differences in outcome when correcting uniplanar (aLDFA) vs biplanar (aLDFA + AA) deformities.
- Universal guide's fixed size presented limitations in small dogs, potentially requiring multiple size options.
- Universal guide showed potential for standard use, offering repeatable outcomes with minimal prep despite needing precise intraoperative placement.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Comparing the Accuracy of Patient-Specific Guide and Universal Guide for Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-cheon-3
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