Your Custom Quiz
In Antonakakis 2022 et al., on telovelar tumor resection, what postoperative imaging finding confirmed complete resection of the tumor?
🔍 Key Findings
- Telovelar approach enabled complete resection of a fourth ventricle choroid plexus tumor in a dog without postoperative complications.
- Postoperative MRI confirmed gross total tumor removal, and the dog remained neurologically normal 28 months post-surgery.
- The tela choroidea was used as a surgical landmark and incised to allow atraumatic access to the tumor.
- Cerebellum was spared using this technique, minimizing risk of cerebellar injury (e.g., cerebellar mutism).
- No hemorrhagic complications were noted during surgery due to dissection through avascular planes.
- Histopathology favored choroid plexus carcinoma based on mitotic index (9/10 HPFs), though definitive diagnosis remained pending.
- The case highlights the utility of telovelar over transvermian approach, given its minimally traumatic nature and improved exposure.
- Survival beyond 2 years without adjunctive therapy suggests surgical excision alone may be curative in select cases.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Use of a telovelar approach for complete resection of a choroid plexus tumor in a dog
2022-8-VS-antonakakis-2
In Sullivan 2025 et al., on TTT stabilization methods, which stabilization method showed significantly different failure force or stiffness?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spacer pin fixation showed no difference in failure force or stiffness compared to tension band wire (TBW) or 2-pin techniques.
- All constructs failed under loads >1000 N, exceeding estimated peak quadriceps force in dogs during walking (~240 N).
- Patellar ligament failure was the most common mode of failure across all groups (5–8 samples per group).
- Distal tibial crest fractures were seen only in 2-pin and spacer pin groups, not in TBW group, suggesting TBW may protect against crest failure.
- No failures occurred at pin tracts, possibly due to pin placement within patellar ligament footprint.
- Spacer pin technique avoids placing pins through the tuberosity, potentially reducing risks of soft tissue complications like tendinopathy or irritation.
- Use of partial osteotomy with robust distal crest may substitute for TBW without compromising initial mechanical strength.
- Further in vivo or cyclic loading studies are required, as this cadaveric study tested only acute tensile failure.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-sullivan-1
In Barnes 2024 et al., on knot performance, which was a notable disadvantage of the double forwarder knot?
🔍 Key Findings
- Double forwarder (DF) knots had significantly higher knot holding capacity (KHC) than square (SQ) and surgeon’s (SU) knots when tied with <6 throws.
- In 3 USP polyglactin 910, DF knots with 4–5 throws were not significantly stronger than SU knots with 6–8 throws (p > .43).
- DF knots never unraveled, while SQ and SU knots with 4–5 throws showed substantial unraveling.
- KHC did not increase in DF knots when throws increased from 3 to 5.
- Knot volume and weight were significantly higher in DF knots than SQ/SU knots at the same throw count (p < .003).
- DF knots allow sliding placement, potentially useful in minimally invasive or deep cavity procedures.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Evaluation of the in vitro performance of the double forwarder knot, compared to square and surgeon's knots using large gauge suture
2024-2-VS-barnes-4
In Rocheleau 2024 et al., on arthroscopic meniscal suturing, which group had the highest meniscal repair success rate?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic meniscal suturing was performed in 43 client-owned dogs, involving 44 meniscal repairs (one dog was bilateral). All injuries involved the caudal horn of the medial meniscus and were associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.
- All dogs underwent simultaneous TPLO, with some also receiving an internal brace (IB). Most repairs used simple vertical mattress sutures.
- The overall complication rate was 34.1% (15/44). Most complications were attributed to the TPLO/TPLO+IB and did not compromise the meniscal repair outcome.
- No median time to “acceptable” or “full” function was reported, but most dogs showed improvement in lameness and LOAD scores (p < .001), indicating good to excellent outcomes.
- Meniscal repair success rate was 88% (38/44), with TPLO + IB outperforming TPLO-only (93.3% vs 71.4%). Follow-up was performed at 8 weeks (40 dogs) and 6 months (16 dogs).
- Six failures occurred, all managed with arthroscopic meniscectomy, leading to normal activity in those dogs. Two IB-associated failures led to CrCL instability.
- The authors concluded the technique was safe, practical, and effective, with a reasonable complication rate.
- The findings support arthroscopic suturing as a feasible alternative to meniscectomy or meniscal release, offering long-term benefits for preserving the meniscus.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Short‐term outcomes of 43 dogs treated with arthroscopic suturing for meniscal tears
2024-5-VS-rocheleau-3
In Story 2024 et al., on surgical correction of excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA), what was a key rationale for using neutral wedge osteotomies like PTNWO and mCCWO in dogs with eTPA?
🔍 Key Findings
- All four techniques achieved TPA <14°, meeting the threshold for acceptable surgical correction in eTPA cases.
- Group A (CBLO + CCWO) and Group D (PTNWO) showed highest accuracy in achieving target TPA values.
- Group B (TPLO + CCWO) resulted in significant tibial shortening compared to other techniques.
- Group A caused the greatest cranial mechanical axis shift, while Group B caused the least.
- Group C (mCCWO) resulted in consistent under-correction of TPA, despite aiming for 0°.
- Modified or neutral wedge osteotomies (Groups C and D) had minimal effect on tibial length, making them suitable when preservation is important.
- All techniques involved mechanical axis shifts, highlighting the importance of preoperative planning to minimize morphologic disruption.
- Supplemental fixation was standard for all procedures to reduce risks such as tibial tuberosity fracture and plateau leveling loss.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Morphologic impact of four surgical techniques to correct excessive tibial plateau angle in dogs: A theoretical radiographic analysis
2024-8-VS-story-5
In Banks 2024 et al., on CCWO planning accuracy, which **group based on preoperative TPA** was closest to the 5° TPA target postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Oxley's modified CCWO did not achieve the target TPA of 5° in most cases, even with planning.
- Mean planned TPA was 7.6°, higher than target, and consistent across dog sizes.
- Postoperative TPAs were significantly higher in small dogs (median 7°) than in large dogs (median 4.5°).
- Distalization >7.5 mm of the osteotomy from the patellar tendon led to increased under-correction of TPA.
- Only dogs with preoperative TPA >35° achieved post-planning TPAs close to the 5° target.
- Postoperative osteotomy positions were generally more distal than recommended (8.6 mm median).
- Virtual plate fit was appropriate for all dogs at 5 mm or 7.5 mm positions, suggesting no need for excessive distalization.
- Excessive correction leading to negative TPAs occurred in some cases, risking caudal cruciate ligament strain.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
2024-8-VS-banks-2
In Larose 2024 et al., on fluorescence cholangiography, what ICG dose and timing produced the highest cystic duct-to-liver contrast during laparoscopic imaging?
🔍 Key Findings
- Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
- Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
- Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
- Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
- No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
- Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
- Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
- Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
2024-4-VS-larose2-1
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, what percentage of dogs experienced complications related to gastrostomy tubes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-1
In Paul 2024 et al., on postoperative analgesia with BLIS vs fentanyl in amputation, what was the median time to eating postoperatively in the BLIS group?
🔍 Key Findings
- BLIS (bupivacaine liposome injectable solution) provided equivalent analgesia to fentanyl CRI based on CMPS-SF scores at all time points except 6h, where BLIS was superior
- Fewer adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, sedation) were noted in the BLIS group
- BLIS dogs ate sooner postoperatively (median 6h vs 9h in control)
- Sedation occurred in 2/20 dogs in BLIS group vs 10/20 in fentanyl group
- Vomiting occurred in 0/20 BLIS dogs vs 4/20 in fentanyl group
- Rescue analgesia rates were similar (5 BLIS vs 4 fentanyl group), confirming noninferiority
- Owner-reported VAS scores were lower for BLIS on day 1 a.m. and p.m. despite variability
- Results suggest BLIS could reduce opioid reliance post-amputation
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Comparison of bupivacaine liposome injectable solution and fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing limb amputation
2024-6-VS-paul-3
In Otero Balda 2025 et al., on Short-term outcomes after feline cPSS surgery, what was the 30-day survival rate in cats that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after surgical attenuation of a single congenital portosystemic shunt?
🔍 Key Findings
- 78% of cats that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) surgery survived to 30 days.
- Postattenuation seizures (PAS) were associated with significantly decreased 30-day survival (50% vs. 78%; OR: 0.015, p = .005).
- Treatment of PANS with propofol was a negative prognostic factor (OR: 0.112, p = .0008).
- Generalized PAS accounted for most seizure cases and were more frequently fatal than focal or unknown-type seizures.
- Pretreatment with levetiracetam (LEV1 protocol) showed a trend toward improved survival (100% vs. 60.6% in untreated cats), though not statistically significant (p = .06).
- Shunt morphology, method of attenuation, and study period (early vs. late) were not significantly associated with 30-day survival.
- Electrolyte, glucose, and ammonia abnormalities were not strongly linked to survival outcomes in this study.
- Majority of PAS-related deaths were due to uncontrolled generalized seizures or euthanasia because of severity.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of cats that experienced postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of single congenital portosystemic shunts
2025-5-VS-otero-1
Quiz Results
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