🔍 Key Findings

• Extreme brachycephalic breeds (EBBs) presented more acutely and at younger ages, most often with neurological signs compared to other breeds.
• Preoperative signs such as facial nerve paresis, vestibular syndrome, and Horner’s syndrome were significantly more common in EBBs.
• EBBs showed more severe imaging findings, including higher rates of otitis interna (46.3% vs. 8.5%) and brainstem changes (17.5% vs. 3%).
• Intraoperative complications were more frequent in EBBs (11.1% vs. 5.3%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .078).
• Perioperative complication rates did not differ significantly between EBBs and other breeds (23.5% vs. 29.3%).
• Surgical time was significantly longer in EBBs (median 115 vs. 95 minutes; p = .011).
• MRI or combined CT/MRI were more frequently used in EBBs, likely due to the higher prevalence of neurological signs.
• Despite anatomical challenges, complication rates in EBBs were comparable, supporting TECA-LBO safety in these breeds.

🔍 Key Findings

• Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
• Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
• Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
• A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
• Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
• MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
• Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
• May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.

🔍 Key Findings

• DPO improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs ≥10 months old with minimal osteoarthritis.
• Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% 1 year postoperatively (from 87° to 106°; p < .01).
• Femoral head coverage increased significantly, with PC rising 66.7% and LHC by 162.5% at 1 year (p < .01).
• No significant change in pelvic canal width postoperatively, suggesting pelvic conformation was preserved.
• All ilial osteotomies healed with complete osseous bridging by 8 weeks; 7/11 pubic osteotomies achieved full healing.
• No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported, including implant failure.
• Locking plates and additional ventral plating were used in select cases and may have contributed to implant stability.
• DPO may be extended to older dogs with suitable hip morphology and minimal OA, expanding traditional age criteria.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 29 Boxer dogs and 29 age-matched Labrador Retrievers undergoing TPLO.
Scoring Systems Compared: 5-point vs. 10-point radiographic healing systems.
Healing Scores (Week 8):

• Boxers: 5-point mean = 3.3; 10-point mean = 6.9
• Labradors: 5-point mean = 3.6; 10-point mean = 7.5
• → Statistically significant difference (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001)

Osteotomy Gap ≥1 mm (present in 16.4%): Associated with significantly lower healing scores and increased recommendations for additional radiographic follow-up (p < 0.0001).
Observer Reliability:

• Both systems = good interobserver consistency.
• Slightly better intraobserver consistency with the 10-point scale.

Clinical Implication: Boxer dogs may need extended healing time or altered follow-up strategy after TPLO.

🔍 Key Findings

• NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
• Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
• In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
• Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
• GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
• Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
• Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
• No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mitral valve plasty (MVP) in dogs with MMVD significantly reduced regurgitant volume and fraction, and normalized LA:Ao ratio, indicating reversal of volume overload.
• MVP altered mitral valve geometry, with reduced annular dimensions and increased coaptation length, enhancing valve competence.
• Postoperative LA:Ao ratio dropped from 2.2 to 1.2, consistent with improved left atrial pressure and size.
• Forward stroke volume index and cardiac index increased at 3 months, reflecting improved hemodynamic function despite reduced fractional shortening.
• Three dogs (3.9%) died postoperatively, highlighting a 96.1% survival rate within 3 months.
• The repair technique involved artificial chordal replacement and annuloplasty; no cleft closure or leaflet suturing was used.
• Color Doppler echocardiography confirmed substantial reduction in mitral regurgitation postoperatively in most dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• The CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWOCORA) consistently achieved the target postoperative TPA of 5° across all tibial morphologies.
• CCWOCORA produced significantly less variability in postoperative TPA compared to other methods (TPA range: 5.00–5.00°; p < .001).
• Mechanical axis advancement (MAA) was precisely controlled at 3° in CCWOCORA, leading to greater surgical predictability.
• Other techniques (e.g., CCWO_TPA, CCWO_TPA–5, CCWO_ISO) showed greater variance in TPA, MAA, and tibial length.
• In small-breed dogs, increasing the MAA from 3° to 5° did not affect TPA outcomes, but increased proximal bone stock, improving feasibility.
• Wedge angles and tibial length changes varied by method, but CCWOCORA maintained length better than TPA-based methods.
• The technique allows preoperative planning of both desired MAA and TPA, enhancing predictability and customization.
• CORA methodology enables precise geometric correction and alignment of mechanical axes, reducing reliance on trial-and-error alignment.

🔍 Key Findings

• All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
• FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
• 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
• Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
• No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
• All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
• No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
• Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Type: Cadaveric study using 36 paired canine shoulders (n = 18 per group: Subacromial [SA] and Supratubercular [ST])
• Survey Results: 75% of clinicians preferred SA technique; 25% used ST

• Complete accuracy: 50% (SA), 44% (ST) — no significant difference (p = .8)
• Partial accuracy: 39% (SA), 50% (ST)
• Complete miss: 11% (SA), 5.6% (ST)

• Incidence of IACI:
  • SA: 50% (9/18 shoulders)
  • ST: 11% (2/18 shoulders) → statistically significant (p = .007)
• Lesion depth: All ST lesions were partial-thickness; SA group had one full-thickness lesion (p = .027)
• Location: Lesions found on glenoid and humeral head with even distribution in SA; only one each in ST

• Landmark-guided injections were ≤50% completely accurate, even by an experienced operator.
• ST technique is safer with lower risk of cartilage damage, despite similar accuracy.
• Findings support considering image-guided techniques to improve both safety and accuracy in clinical settings.

🔍 Key Findings

• 20 dogs (26 shoulders) evaluated at mean 3.5 years post-surgery after arthroscopic or open debridement.
• Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and decreased range of motion (↓ extension, ↓ flexion) in affected limbs compared to contralateral healthy shoulders.
• All treated shoulders developed osteoarthritis, confirmed radiographically, by CT, and arthroscopically.
• Moderate to severe synovitis was present in all shoulders; lesions showed patchy, incomplete cartilage infilling even up to 8.9 years post-op.
• Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in PVF/VI between affected and unaffected limbs, despite mild lameness clinically.
• Owners reported good to very good mobility (median LOAD = 6), often underestimating clinical lameness.
• CT detected larger lesion dimensions than radiographs (wider, deeper defects).
• Despite progression of OA, surgical debridement was associated with satisfactory long-term function, though not prevention of degenerative changes.