Your Custom Quiz
In Banse 2022 et al., on skill retention methods, what is a key consideration when using massed instruction in veterinary surgical curricula?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spaced instruction (SI) improved immediate performance on the first learned skill compared to massed instruction (MI) in both LSU and LMU cohorts.
- Cognitive load was higher in MI students at LMU, particularly in physical demand, effort, and frustration, while LSU showed no significant cognitive load differences.
- Skill performance differences disappeared after 2 weeks of supervised practice, regardless of instructional format.
- Time to complete skills improved over time, but this did not always correlate with improved checklist or global rating scores.
- Intrinsic cognitive load increased when teaching more complex or related surgical tasks in the same session.
- Initial skill complexity and prior exposure may influence effectiveness of spaced vs massed instruction.
- Supervised practice sessions are critical to eliminate initial skill disparities between instructional methods.
- Massed instruction may still be acceptable if followed by scheduled practice opportunities.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Teaching veterinary surgical skills: Comparison of massed versus spaced instruction
2022-7-VS-banse-5
In Nagahiro 2023 et al., on quadriceps-femoral mismatch, which variables were significantly associated with a decreased QML/FL in the final regression model?
🔍 Key Findings
- Quadriceps muscle length/femoral length ratio (QML/FL) was significantly lower in dogs with grade IV MPL than grades I–III (p ≤ .002).
- Shortened QML was associated with increased femoral torsion angle (FTA) and increased aLDFA, indicating correlation with femoral deformity.
- QML/FL increased with age, possibly due to muscular development or reduced deformity in older dogs (p = .004).
- Grade IV MPL dogs had QML/FL < 0.87, the lower normal limit based on healthy beagles, suggesting clinically significant muscle shortening.
- PLL/PL ratio (used to diagnose patella alta) was not associated with QML/FL or MPL severity in small breeds.
- QML/FL can help preoperatively identify candidates for femoral shortening ostectomy, improving femoropatellar alignment.
- Multivariate regression model confirmed QML/FL is independently influenced by age, FTA, and aLDFA (R² = 0.45).
- CT-based 3D measurements enabled objective, noninvasive quantification of femoral and muscle alignment parameters.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Evaluation of the quadriceps muscle length to femoral length ratio in small breed dogs with medial patellar luxation
2023-4-VS-nagahiro-3
In McKay 2023 et al., on patellar tendon augmentation, which method provided the highest construct stiffness?
2023-8-VS-mckay-1
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, how did peak vertical force and vertical impulse compare between limbs?
🔍 Key Findings
- All dogs developed progressive osteoarthritis (OA) after surgical debridement of proximal humeral OC.
- Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and reduced shoulder range of motion were common, particularly in unilaterally affected dogs.
- Arthroscopically, lesions showed incomplete cartilage infilling even years after surgery, averaging only ~37% infilling.
- Synovitis was present in all joints, with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy and vascularity scores.
- CT identified OC lesions as deeper and wider than radiography, and all affected joints had more advanced OA than contralateral limbs (P = .001 radiograph, P = .005 CT).
- Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in peak vertical force or impulse, but a subtle 4.4% asymmetric load reduction on the operated limb.
- Median LOAD score was 6, indicating mild owner-perceived disability despite measurable clinical and imaging abnormalities.
- Cartilage infilling was incomplete in all cases, with no lesion exceeding 60% restoration, raising questions about the healing potential of debridement alone.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Long-term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
2023-6-vs-zann-5
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, which of the following statements about cerclage wire outcomes is CORRECT?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-3
In Jones 2024 et al., on surgical technique mortality, which technique was associated with the highest perioperative mortality?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study compared 606 dogs (English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs) undergoing partial staphylectomy via CO₂ laser, bipolar vessel sealing device (BVSD), or conventional incision.
- Mortality rate: 4.0% (24/606).
- BVSD was associated with significantly increased perioperative mortality compared to other methods (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.3–28.4, p = .023).
- High-grade laryngeal collapse (stage II or III) independently increased mortality risk (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8–11.8, p = .002).
- No difference in mortality between CO₂ laser and conventional incision techniques.
- CO₂ laser and conventional techniques had similar complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Comparison of mortality of brachycephalic dogs undergoing partial staphylectomy using conventional incisional, carbon dioxide laser, or bipolar vessel sealing device
2024-1-VS-jones-1
In Miller 2024 et al., what best summarizes the finding regarding major postoperative complications across surgical groups?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 124 dogs (64 S, 60 FFP); French Bulldogs most common (54/124)
- Pre-op clinical signs: Exercise intolerance (34/124), stertor (22), regurgitation (7), vomiting (12)
- Operative time (no concurrent procedure): Longer in FFP (75 vs 51 min, p = .02)
- Anesthetic time: Longer in FFP (111 vs 80 min, p = .02)
- Anesthetic complications: Similar rates (FFP 50, S 49; p = .30)
- Post-op regurgitation: 27/124 (S: 17, FFP: 10; p = .18)
- Post-op aspiration pneumonia: Rare (S: 4, FFP: 5)
- Major complications: Rare (5/124); 2 dogs euthanized post-op (1 per group)
- Revision surgery: Needed in 7/124 (3 S, 4 FFP)
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2024-1-VS-miller-5
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was a recommended intraoperative consideration to reduce postoperative flap trauma?
🔍 Key Findings
- Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
- All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
- Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
- Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
- Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
- Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
- Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
- Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Buccal transposition flap for closure of maxillary lip defects in 5 dogs
2023-2-VS-hildebrandt-3
In Cabreira 2026 et al., on dorsal AAI implant, what was the maximum implant displacement observed during finite element analysis?
🔍 Key Findings
- A patient-specific dorsal implant for atlantoaxial stabilization was developed using CT-based 3D modeling, enabling customized implant design and safe screw trajectory planning.
- The implant accommodates six 1.7-mm bicortical locking screws, including two transarticular screws plus two screws in each vertebra (atlas lateral masses and axis lamina/spinous base).
- The implant also functions as a drilling guide, allowing the screw-head housing to accept a threaded drill guide that ensures accurate drilling along predefined safe corridors.
- An opening around the C1–C2 intervertebral foramen was incorporated to avoid injury to the C2 nerve root during dorsal instrumentation.
- Finite element analysis evaluated implant behavior under flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and torsion using loads of 50 N (physiologic) and 107 N (supraphysiologic).
- Maximum stress occurred during lateral flexion with axis fixation (425 MPa), which remained well below the titanium alloy yield strength of 880 MPa, indicating no mechanical failure.
- Maximum implant displacement was minimal (0.13 mm), far less than the approximately 2 mm movement of the intact atlantoaxial joint under physiologic loading.
- The implant design demonstrated adequate rigidity and mechanical safety in simulation, suggesting potential to improve dorsal stabilization while avoiding complications associated with PMMA constructs.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
1
2026
Development and Finite Element Analysis of a Patient-Specific Implant for Atlantoaxial Joint Stabilization via Dorsal Approach in Dogs
2026-1-vcot-cabreira-5
In Anderson 2023 et al., on French Bulldogs with humeral condylar fractures, what percentage of French Bulldogs had a humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) in the contralateral limb when CT was performed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral humeral condylar fractures (LHCF) were most common, comprising 63.6% of cases.
- Transcondylar screw (TCS) + K-wire(s) fixation had a 7.62x higher risk of major complications compared to other methods (p = .009).
- All cases of TCS migration occurred in the TCS + K-wire group; none occurred with plate fixation.
- Overall complication rate was 40.9%, with 29.5% being major and requiring intervention.
- Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) were found in 58.1% of French Bulldogs with CT data.
- No significant association between age and presence of HIF, but fissure length increased with age (R = 0.47, p = .048).
- Younger, lighter dogs had higher complication and screw migration rates, possibly due to softer bone and smaller condyles.
- TCS + plate fixation had the lowest complication rate, suggesting biomechanical superiority.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Humeral condylar fractures and fissures in the French bulldog
2023-1-VS-anderson-4
Quiz Results
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Key Findings