Your Custom Quiz
In Adams 2022 et al., on C-section survival rates, what relationship was found between C-section litter size and neonatal survival?
🔍 Key Findings
- Neonatal survival to discharge was 93.1% overall, with no significant difference between brachycephalic (94.8%) and nonbrachycephalic (91.8%) breeds.
- Elective C-section significantly improved neonatal survival (99.2%) compared to emergency C-section (87.1%) (p < .001).
- Larger C-section litter size was positively associated with survival (p = .004; OR 1.57), whereas total litter size had no effect.
- Maternal heart rate and stage of labor were associated with neonatal mortality in univariable analysis, but not multivariable.
- Brachycephalism alone was not a risk factor for neonatal mortality (p = .221) in multivariable analysis.
- Emergency C-section was the strongest predictor of neonatal mortality (OR 4.75), regardless of breed.
- Multidisciplinary team approach likely contributed to high survival rates, emphasizing importance of coordinated care.
- Historical factors such as primiparity and maternal age were not associated with mortality in this cohort.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Risk factors for neonatal mortality prior to hospital discharge in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing cesarean section
2022-7-VS-adams-5
In Curuci 2024 et al., on double-cut TPLO, what was the mean reduction in TPA achieved postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 16 dogs (18 stifles) with CrCL rupture and TPA >34° were treated using the DCTPLO
- Mean TPA correction: from 39.4° to 6.3°
- Bone union at 60 days in 17/18 stifles; remaining healed by 90 days
- Minor complications (e.g., small wedge gaps) in 2/18 stifles — no major complications
- Patellar ligament thickening seen in 16/18 stifles but no clinical signs noted
- The technique enabled safer reduction with less risk of tibial crest fracture vs. conventional TPLO
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Double-Cut Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy for the Management of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in Dogs with an Excessive Plateau Angle: Early Clinical Results in 16 Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-curuci-1
In Nagahiro 2023 et al., on quadriceps-femoral mismatch, how did the PLL/PL ratio (indicator of patella alta) relate to QML/FL or MPL severity?
🔍 Key Findings
- Quadriceps muscle length/femoral length ratio (QML/FL) was significantly lower in dogs with grade IV MPL than grades I–III (p ≤ .002).
- Shortened QML was associated with increased femoral torsion angle (FTA) and increased aLDFA, indicating correlation with femoral deformity.
- QML/FL increased with age, possibly due to muscular development or reduced deformity in older dogs (p = .004).
- Grade IV MPL dogs had QML/FL < 0.87, the lower normal limit based on healthy beagles, suggesting clinically significant muscle shortening.
- PLL/PL ratio (used to diagnose patella alta) was not associated with QML/FL or MPL severity in small breeds.
- QML/FL can help preoperatively identify candidates for femoral shortening ostectomy, improving femoropatellar alignment.
- Multivariate regression model confirmed QML/FL is independently influenced by age, FTA, and aLDFA (R² = 0.45).
- CT-based 3D measurements enabled objective, noninvasive quantification of femoral and muscle alignment parameters.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Evaluation of the quadriceps muscle length to femoral length ratio in small breed dogs with medial patellar luxation
2023-4-VS-nagahiro-4
In Cruciani 2025 et al., on portal placement, what functional outcome was observed in most dogs at long-term follow-up?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Retrospective case series of 15 dogs (19 tarsi) with talar OCD.
- Technique: Modified arthroscopic approach with both scope and instrument portals on the same side as the lesion.
- Outcomes:
- Good to excellent mid-to-long-term outcomes in 11/14 dogs.
- Statistically significant improvement in CBPI (p < .05) and VAS scores (p < .05).
- Minor postoperative complications (synovial cysts) in 4/13 tarsi, all resolved spontaneously.
- No major intraoperative complications; 1/19 required mini-arthrotomy due to fragment size.
- Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD): Progression noted in 10/14 cases, despite good functional outcomes.
- Fragment Characteristics: Multiple osteochondral fragments were present in most cases, with 17/19 lesions on the medial talar ridge.
- Technical Advantage: Lower conversion rate to arthrotomy (1/19) compared to previous studies (Gielen et al. and Miller & Beale).
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
A modified approach to portal placement for arthroscopic management of osteochondritis dissecans lesions of the tarsocrural joint in 15 dogs (19 tarsi)
2025-1-VS-cruciani-2
In You 2025 et al., on barbed sutures for lung lobectomy, what conclusion was made regarding their clinical use?
🔍 Key Findings
- Barbed sutures showed comparable leakage pressure to traditional sutures and stapling devices (p = .36).
- No bronchial leaks occurred at physiological pressure (<20 cmH₂O) in any group.
- Leakage at supraphysiologic pressure (20–80 cmH₂O) occurred in 90% of stapler, 80% of traditional, and 60% of barbed suture closures.
- Barbed sutures reduced ligation time significantly compared to traditional sutures (10.7 vs. 14.1 minutes, p < .01).
- Staplers remained fastest, with mean ligation time of 2.4 minutes.
- No knot failure or suture breakage was observed in barbed or traditional suture groups.
- Leakage in barbed sutures occurred mostly at the loop effector zone, but remained within acceptable limits.
- Barbed sutures may offer an effective alternative when staplers are unavailable, impractical, or cost-prohibitive.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Evaluation of a knotless barbed suture for canine total lung lobectomy: An ex vivo study
2025-7-VS-you-5
In Evers 2022 et al., on bone-to-tendon plate fixation, what was the purpose of using human placental matrix (hPM)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Bone-to-tendon plate fixation allowed successful stabilization of a highly comminuted calcaneus fracture in a dog with fragments too small for traditional fixation.
- The plate was sutured to the common calcaneal tendon using a figure-of-8 pattern, bypassing the need for screw fixation into small proximal fragments.
- Radiographic union was achieved by 17 weeks, though considered delayed, with the dog returning to normal function by 36 weeks post-op.
- A second surgery was required to replace the tendon-anchored plate with a calcaneus-only plate due to skin ulceration and implant prominence.
- Implant-associated infection was suspected; cultures confirmed Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, managed with doxycycline and clindamycin.
- Use of human placental matrix (hPM) and both autogenous and allogenic bone grafts supported healing, though their specific contribution remains uncertain.
- Postoperative complications included delayed union and skin ulceration, emphasizing challenges of implant design and soft tissue management.
- This is the first report of using a bone-to-tendon plate for a calcaneus fracture in dogs and demonstrates its potential in cases where traditional methods are not viable.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Use of a bone‐to‐tendon plate to stabilize a comminuted calcaneus fracture in a dog
2022-5-VS-evers-3
In Mihara 2024 et al., on mitral valve repair in dogs, what was the postoperative change in the LA:Ao ratio?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mitral valve plasty (MVP) in dogs with MMVD significantly reduced regurgitant volume and fraction, and normalized LA:Ao ratio, indicating reversal of volume overload.
- MVP altered mitral valve geometry, with reduced annular dimensions and increased coaptation length, enhancing valve competence.
- Postoperative LA:Ao ratio dropped from 2.2 to 1.2, consistent with improved left atrial pressure and size.
- Forward stroke volume index and cardiac index increased at 3 months, reflecting improved hemodynamic function despite reduced fractional shortening.
- Three dogs (3.9%) died postoperatively, highlighting a 96.1% survival rate within 3 months.
- The repair technique involved artificial chordal replacement and annuloplasty; no cleft closure or leaflet suturing was used.
- Color Doppler echocardiography confirmed substantial reduction in mitral regurgitation postoperatively in most dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Effects of mitral valve repair on valvular geometry and hemodynamics in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
2024-3-VS-mihara-1
In Lopez Barroso 2026 et al., on sacroiliac screw accuracy, which factor most likely contributed to caudal screw angulation in some cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mean SI joint reduction was 94.25%, exceeding the 90% target considered important to reduce screw loosening
- Mean sacral width purchase was 82.52%, with all screws achieving >60%—a threshold for reducing implant loosening risk
- All 20 screws were accurately placed within the sacral body, confirmed via CT or radiographs
- A 3D-printed drill guide and table-bound system facilitated consistent screw placement via minimally invasive technique
- Craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles were well controlled (mean CCA = –1.22°, DVA = 0.71°), demonstrating accurate trajectory
- No intraoperative complications were reported; all pilot holes drilled on first attempt
- Use of fluoroscopy and orthogonal imaging enhanced surgical accuracy and reduced malposition risk
- The system permitted screw placement through a sleeve that doubled as a muscle retractor, allowing implant delivery without disruption
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Accuracy of a table‐bound reduction and drill guide system for minimally invasive sacroiliac screw placement in cats
2026-1-VS-lopezbarroso-5
In Jenkins 2022 et al., on medial epicondylar fissure fracture, which of the following is true regarding MEFF identification?
🔍 Key Findings
- MEFF occurred in 11.4% (10/88 elbows) following medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement in dogs with HIF.
- Screw size to condylar height ratio >41% significantly increased MEFF risk (P = .004, OR 1.52).
- MEFF was not recognized intraoperatively in 60% of cases and was only seen on follow-up or retrospective imaging review.
- Screw loosening was the most common complication (11.2%), observed both with and without MEFF.
- MEFF tended to increase the risk of screw loosening (P = .06), but was not statistically significant.
- Most MEFFs did not require treatment and healed radiographically by 14–17 weeks in monitored cases.
- Shaft screws were used in all MEFF cases, but shaft vs cortical design was not significantly associated with MEFF.
- The clinical impact of MEFF was minor in most cases, although long-term significance is unknown.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Medial epicondylar fissure fracture as a complication of transcondylar screw placement for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
2022-4-VS-jenkins-4
In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what factor increased the odds of surgical site infection/inflammation in the PCCLm group?
🔍 Key Findings
- PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
- Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
- PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
- Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
- Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
- PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
- Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
- Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
2023-7-VS-adair-4
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