🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Validate a new 3D CT-based method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with MPL, comparing it to a traditional method.

Sample: 40 tibiae from client-owned dogs with MPL (primarily small-breed).

Repeatability (intraobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.99 → excellent agreement

Reproducibility (interobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.83 → high agreement
• Traditional method: ICC = 0.52 → moderate agreement

Torsion angle measurements:

• New method avg: 16.00° ± 8.77
• Traditional method avg: 8.76° ± 4.92

Conclusion: The new method is more repeatable, reproducible, and provides higher torsion values than the traditional Aper method, especially reliable for small-breed dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
• PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
• UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
• Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
• Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
• Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).

🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
• Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
• Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
• Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
• FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
• Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
• Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
• Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.

🔍 Key Findings

• All four arthrocentesis techniques achieved 100% intra-articular accuracy, confirming that each landmark-guided method could successfully access the canine stifle joint.
• Lateral intercondylar notch (LINC) was the most commonly used technique clinically, reported by 87.5% (35/40) of surveyed surgeons.
• INFRA and SUPRA required significantly more needle repositions (median 3 and 2) compared with LINC and POUCH (median 1) (p = .001).
• No iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) occurred with LINC or SUPRA techniques, suggesting favorable safety profiles.
• INFRA produced the highest IACI rate (75%), with 6/8 limbs affected, indicating substantial risk with this approach.
• More than half of INFRA injuries exceeded 10 mm² and involved weight-bearing cartilage, raising concern for clinically significant joint damage.
• POUCH technique caused IACI in 37.5% of cases, but injuries occurred exclusively on non-weight-bearing cartilage.
• SUPRA (suprapatellar) approach demonstrated accuracy with zero cartilage injury, making it a promising safer alternative for stifle arthrocentesis pending clinical validation.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
• Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
• Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
• Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
• Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
• Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
• Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
• Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.

🔍 Key Findings

• Superior and inferior labial arteries in cats perfuse robust angiosomes, which support musculomucosal axial pattern flaps.
• Cadaver angiography confirmed vascular anatomy, with consistent patterns between sides and among specimens.
• The vascular supply is located primarily in the musculomucosal layer, not the skin, critical for flap viability.
• Flap harvest requires inclusion of the orbicularis oris (± buccinator) muscle to ensure vascular integrity and flap survival.
• Two clinical cases demonstrated successful use of superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps for palatal reconstruction with complete flap survival and resolution of clinical signs.
• Intraoperative transillumination aided vessel localization, facilitating surgical planning and flap design.
• No cases of distal flap necrosis or dehiscence occurred, although mild donor site morbidity (lip retraction, mucosal denuding) was noted.
• These flaps offer a valuable option when local tissues are compromised, especially after failed previous repairs or radiation therapy.

🔍 Key Findings

• Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
• Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
• No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
• Leak location:
  • HSE: 60% from suture holes
  • CE: 100% from incisional line
  • HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
• Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.

🔍 Key Findings

40 dogs underwent splenectomy using 16 bipolar vessel sealing devices (VSDs)
Devices were reused up to 4 times after handwashing and ethylene oxide (EtO) sterilization
Biologic debris was found in 100% of devices, specifically under the transection blade, even after a single use

• Mostly scant (14/16) or mild (2/16) debris

No devices or debris yielded positive aerobic culture after EtO sterilization
EtO sterilization proved microbiologically effective despite visible residue
Perioperative failure rate: 1 device (malfunctioned during first activation)

🔍 Key Findings

• Dogs with MCD demonstrated significant radioulnar joint malformation in the central, centrolateral, and lateral compartments on transverse CT imaging.
• Radioulnar ratios were significantly decreased at measurement points 3–5 in MCD elbows (p = 0.044), indicating widening and incongruity of the radioulnar joint space.
• Medial and mediocentral radioulnar compartments remained congruent, showing no significant differences between MCD and control elbows.
• Radioulnar opening angle did not differ between groups, suggesting that joint malformation was localized rather than reflected by global angular changes.
• No evidence of radioulnar step formation was identified, despite previous theories linking step incongruity to MCD development.
• Gender, breed, and body weight were not associated with radioulnar ratios, suggesting morphology rather than demographic factors influenced findings.
• Central and lateral radioulnar pathology may be missed during routine medial elbow arthroscopy, potentially contributing to persistent clinical signs after treatment.
• Radioulnar malformation may contribute both to MCD pathogenesis and to incomplete success following arthroscopic treatment.

🔍 Key Findings

• LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
• Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
• LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
• Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
• Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
• No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
• Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
• Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.