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In Welsh 2023 et al., on TTAF fixation methods, which of the following variables did **not significantly differ** between single- and two-pin constructs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Two-pin fixation had significantly greater strength (639 N) than single-pin fixation (426 N) in TTAF models (p = .003).
- Stiffness was also higher with two-pin constructs (72 N/mm vs 57 N/mm); statistically significant (p = .029).
- Both fixation types withstood loads greater than quadriceps force in dogs at a walk (240 N), indicating clinical viability.
- Failure was most commonly due to pin bending or pullout (82%), with fewer cases of ligament tearing or epiphyseal fracture.
- K-wire insertion angle (KWIA) did not significantly differ between fixation types (p = .13).
- Single larger pins delivered ~68% of the strength and ~83% of the stiffness of two smaller vertically aligned pins.
- Clinical implication: Two vertically aligned pins are biomechanically superior for TTAF fixation in canine models.
- Study used mature cadavers, which may underestimate loads and stiffness compared to immature clinical cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Biomechanical comparison of one pin versus two pin fixation in a canine tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture model
2023-5-VS-welsh-4
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, which osteotomy type showed the most significant time reduction using PSG versus freehand?
🔍 Key Findings:
- Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
- Osteotomy types (3 groups):
- 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
- Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
- Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
- Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
- Main Outcomes:
- PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
- 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
- Significant improvements with PSG in:
- Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
- Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
- Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
- No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
- Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
2024-2-VS-townsend-3
In Poggi 2024 et al., on laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in dogs, what percentage of procedures required conversion to open surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic pancreatic mass resection (LPMR) was successfully performed in all 12 dogs, with no conversion to open laparotomy required.
- Median operative time was 69 minutes (range 35–100 min); 11/12 dogs were discharged within 48 hours, and one was discharged after 7 days.
- No major intraoperative complications occurred; minor complications included mild bleeding (2/12) and cannula malfunction (1/12).
- All dogs survived the procedure and were discharged.
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in all dogs: 9 insulinomas and 3 pancreatic carcinomas; all tumors were completely excised with clear margins.
- No recurrences were reported; 3 dogs died of unrelated causes, and 9 were still alive at the time of reporting.
- No postoperative hypoglycemia was observed; 1 dog had transient hyperglycemia, and minor complications included vomiting, idiopathic seizures, and pancreatitis, all of which resolved.
- Authors concluded that LPMR is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for selected distal pancreatic masses in dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in 12 dogs
2024-5-VS-poggi-1
In Ferreira 2025 et al., on heated pneumoperitoneum in dogs, what was the mean final temperature in the heated group?
🔍 Key Findings
- Heated CO₂ insufflation reduced perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopic ovariectomy compared to nonheated CO₂.
- Final body temperature was significantly higher in the heated group (36.03°C) than in the nonheated group (34.93°C).
- Temperature reduction correlated with surgical duration only in the nonheated group (p < .05).
- Heated CO₂ delayed temperature drop, occurring after 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes in nonheated cases.
- No significant differences between groups in anesthetic, surgical, or insufflation times.
- All dogs recovered uneventfully and were discharged the same day.
- Heated CO₂ may offer greater benefit in longer procedures or in small-sized dogs prone to hypothermia.
- No adverse effects were attributed to heated gas use in this clinical trial.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Effect of heated pneumoperitoneum on body temperature in dogs undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy—A randomized controlled trial
2025-5-VS-ferreira-3
In Sandoval 2024 et al., on lung lobectomy technique outcomes, what percentage of self-ligating loop (SLL) procedures had intra- or postoperative complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intra- and postoperative complications occurred only in stapled lobectomies, but the difference was not statistically significant (intra: p = .069, post: p = .112).
- Intraoperative hemorrhage was the most common complication (11.8%), followed by air leakage (2%).
- All self-ligating loop (SLL) lobectomies had zero complications (n=18), though the sample was small.
- Postoperative complications included 4 catastrophic events (cardiopulmonary arrest), all in stapled cases.
- Lung lobectomy technique was not associated with duration of chest tube use, hospitalization, or survival (p > .05).
- 94.3% of patients survived to discharge (82/87).
- SLLs are lower-cost and may be more feasible for thoracoscopic/minimally invasive approaches due to smaller port size (5mm vs. 12mm for staplers).
- A future superiority study would need ≥103 lobectomies per group to assess differences in complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Short‐term outcomes of dogs and cats undergoing lung lobectomy using either a self-ligating loop or a thoracoabdominal stapler
2024-7-VS-sandoval-1
In Bilmont 2025 et al., on cup version comparison, why is truncated face version considered a poor surrogate for open face version?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open face version was significantly greater than truncated face version by 14°–22° (p <.001).
- Open face version increased linearly with inclination and pelvic extension, while truncated face version remained largely stable.
- Truncated face version is an unreliable surrogate for open face version.
- Accurate interpretation of cup version should include both truncated face version and inclination.
- Canine 3D pelvic model and CT-based simulation used for all measurements.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Assessment of BFX cup version in a three-dimensional model simulating the ventrodorsal radiographic view
2025-1-VS-bilmont-5
In Raleigh 2022 et al., on pericardiectomy complications, what was the approximate incidence of intraoperative ventricular fibrillation (VF)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 3% of pericardiectomy cases across reporting institutions.
- 14 of 16 dogs (88%) that developed intraoperative VF died, indicating high mortality.
- Electrosurgical devices were used in 15/16 dogs; VF onset coincided with their use in 8 dogs, suggesting a potential but unproven association.
- Preoperative arrhythmias were seen in 7 dogs (e.g., VPCs, VT, bradycardia), possibly serving as early warning signs.
- Thoracoscopic approach was used in 75% of cases; however, conversion to open surgery was required in 9/13 thoracoscopic procedures after VF onset.
- Defibrillation was attempted in 13 dogs, but only 3 converted to sinus rhythm, and only 2 survived postoperatively.
- VF may result from stray current or cardiac manipulation; bipolar energy devices were implicated despite lower theoretical risk.
- Preventative strategies include judicious electrosurgery use, close ECG monitoring, rapid CPR preparedness, and preop cardiac risk assessment.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
The development of ventricular fibrillation as a complication of pericardiectomy in 16 dogs
2022-4-VS-raleigh-1
In Muroi 2024 et al., on radius plate stress effects, what was the significant effect of locking plate (LP) placement on cranial cortical bone stress?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Finite element analysis compared intact radii vs. locking plates placed 1 mm or 3 mm above the bone
- LP placement significantly reduced tensile (maximum principal) stress on cranial cortex, potentially causing implant-induced osteoporosis
- Shell element findings:
- Max principal stress significantly lower in both LP groups vs. intact (p < 0.05)
- Solid element findings:
- Equivalent stress higher and max principal stress lower in LP groups
- Implication: Tension reduction may impair bone remodeling; implant design and placement height affect stress environment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Stress Changes in the Canine Radius after Locking Plate Fixation Using Finite Element Analysis
2024-3-VCOT-muroi-1
In Story 2024 et al., on eTPA osteotomy comparison, which technique resulted in the **greatest mechanical axis shift**?
🔍 Key Findings
- Population: 16 dogs (27 tibias), TPA >34°
- Techniques analyzed:
- Group A: CBLO + CCWO
- Group B: TPLO + CCWO
- Group C: mCCWO
- Group D: PTNWO
- Outcomes:
- All groups achieved post-correction TPA < 14°.
- Group A: Slight over-correction (mean TPA 10.47°); greatest mechanical axis shift.
- Group B: Tibial shortening (~0.58%); least mechanical axis shift.
- Group C: Lowest post-correction TPA (mean 4.76°); under-correction.
- Group D: High accuracy, minimal shortening (mean 7.09° post).
- Statistical Significance:
- Significant differences in tibial length change and mCrDTA (mechanical axis shift) between groups (p <.05).
- TPA correction accuracy: Group A (1.02), B (0.95), C (0.89), D (0.98).
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Morphologic impact of four surgical techniques to correct excessive tibial plateau angle in dogs: A theoretical radiographic analysis
2024-1-VS-story-1
In Anderson 2025 et al., on liver hemostatic agents, what was observed regarding sponge dislodgement during abdominal lavage?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Prospective, randomized clinical trial of 45 dogs undergoing liver biopsy or lobectomy.
- Groups:
- Adhesive gelatin sponge (AG) group (n=22)
- Plain collagen sponge (PC) group (n=23)
- Main Results:
- At 5 minutes post-application, 10/20 PC dogs were still bleeding vs. 2/20 AG dogs (p = 0.0138).
- AG had significantly better adhesion scores (median 2 vs. 1, p < 0.001).
- Sponge dislodgement: 5/23 in PC group, 0/22 in AG group (p = 0.042).
- Time to 50% hemostasis: AG = 2 min, PC = 4 min 49 sec.
- Complications: No adverse events related to either sponge.
- Conclusion: Adhesive gelatin sponges offered superior intraoperative adhesion and hemostatic control during canine liver surgery compared to collagen sponges.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
A randomized comparison of an adhesive gelatin sponge and a plain collagen sponge for hemostatic control during canine liver surgery
2025-2-VS-anderson1-3
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