🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSG) enabled accurate surgical planning and osteotomy execution for feline shoulder arthrodesis, improving control of humeroscapular alignment.
• Four cats with severe shoulder pathology (instability, osteoarthritis, recurrent luxation, or glenoid dysplasia) were treated successfully using CAD-planned osteotomies and PSG-assisted fixation.
• Preoperative CT-based planning standardized scapular and humeral axes, allowing planned scapulohumeral arthrodesis angles of 105–110°.
• Postoperative alignment closely matched planned angles, differing by only 2–5°, demonstrating high transfer accuracy from digital planning to surgery.
• All cats were weight-bearing within 48 hours, and long-term follow-up showed good to excellent functional outcomes with only mild mechanical lameness.
• Complications were minor and implant-related, including Kirschner wire migration and screw loosening, neither resulting in catastrophic failure.
• Double plating constructs provided strong stability, and the authors recommend compression or dual-plate fixation to reduce osteotomy strain and improve healing.
• PSG technology may reduce malalignment risk compared with traditional arthrodesis techniques, but requires CAD expertise, 3D-printing resources, and additional surgical planning time.

🔍 Key Findings

Study focus: Outcomes of cannulated screw fixation in unicondylar humeral condylar fractures (UHCF) in dogs.
Clinical union rate: 89%
Overall complication rate: 36%

• Major complication: Most common was screw breakage

Significant risk factor for screw breakage:

• Body weight >20 kg (statistically significant)

Breed distribution:

• Spaniels, especially English Springer Spaniels, were most common

No mention of plate augmentation as standard in this cohort

🔍 Key Findings

• TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
• Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
• Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
• Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
• Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
• Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
• Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
• K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Subjects: 11 animals (8 dogs, 3 cats)
• Technique: Uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents (BEMBS)
• Indications: Cholelithiasis, strictures, neoplasia, cholangiohepatitis, etc.
• Success: Patency achieved in all animals surviving to discharge
• Complications:
  • Short-term mortality: 2/11 (1 euthanized for SIRS, 1 unknown)
  • Long-term issues: cholangiohepatitis, choledocholithiasis, stent occlusion (in cats only)
• Long-term patency:
  • Dogs: median 650.5 days
  • Cats: median 446 days
• Stent removal possible even after >600 days in some cats
• Clinical outcome: Viable alternative to plastic stents or cholecystoenterostomy

🔍 Key Findings

• LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
• Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
• LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
• Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
• Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
• No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
• Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
• Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.

🔍 Key Findings

• Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
• Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
• No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
• Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
• Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
• Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
• Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
• Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions

🔍 Key Findings

• Left fourth intercostal thoracotomy allowed successful thoracic duct (TD) ligation in 9/10 canine cadavers.
• 10/13 clinical cases had a single TD branch at the left fourth intercostal space, indicating lower anatomical complexity.
• All TD branches at this site were lateral to the esophagus, simplifying surgical access.
• Unilateral subphrenic pericardiectomy was successfully performed via the same incision in 10/10 cadavers.
• Fewer TD branches at the fourth intercostal space than traditional caudal sites may reduce the risk of missed collaterals.
• In contrast, traditional caudal TD ligation sites had up to 5 branches, requiring broader dissection.
• No cadaver had right-sided TD branches, reducing surgical complexity at the studied location.
• Contrast-confirmed ligation was effective in 90% (9/10) cadavers on CT imaging.

🔍 Key Findings

• Dogs with two or three congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (M-EHPSS) had outcomes comparable to dogs with single EHPSS when all shunts were appropriately identified and attenuated.
• Miniature Schnauzers comprised 47% (7/15) of cases, suggesting a potential breed predisposition to M-EHPSS.
• The left gastrophrenic–left gastroazygos (LGP–LGA) combination was the most common shunt configuration (67%).
• Left gastrophrenic shunts were consistently the shunts most commonly missed during initial CT interpretation, resulting in incomplete attenuation in five dogs.
• Good or excellent long-term outcomes occurred in 86% (12/14) of treated dogs despite some dogs having incomplete attenuation.
• Only one postoperative mortality occurred (7%), secondary to post-attenuation neurologic syndrome (PANS).
• Dogs with missed shunts showed less improvement in bile acids than dogs with complete attenuation, emphasizing meticulous CT evaluation before surgery.
• Clinical presentation and biochemical abnormalities closely resembled those of dogs with single congenital EHPSS rather than representing a more severe disease.

🔍 Key Findings:

• Sample: 24 canine cadavers, 477 total pins across 240 vertebrae.
• Technique Comparison: 3D printed guides (3DPG) vs freehand (FH).
• Acceptable Placement Rates: 3DPG = 87.5%, FH = 69.8% (p < .0001).
• Odds Ratio for FH: 0.28 (95% CI 0.16–0.47), significantly less likely to yield acceptable placement.
• Worst Accuracy Locations: T10 (OR 0.10), T11 (OR 0.35).
• Surgeon Impact: Surgeon 2 outperformed others (OR 9.61, p = .001).
• Modified Zdichavsky Classification used to score implant accuracy (Grades I–IIIb).
• Primary Benefit of 3DPG: Increased safety and precision, regardless of surgeon experience.

🔍 Key Findings

• Refracture occurred in 5.5% of limbs, with higher incidence in the plate removal group (12.5%) vs. non-removal (3.5%).
• In the non-plate removal group, refractures occurred at the most distal screw site, linked to greater screw position change during growth (OR 1.79, p=0.04).
• Screw-to-bone diameter ratio (SBDR) >0.4 was a significant risk factor for refracture in the plate retention group.
• In the plate removal group, refractures occurred at the original fracture site, associated with lower pixel value ratio (bone mineral density) and reduced radial thickness.
• Implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO) beneath the plate likely contributed to refracture risk after plate removal.
• Younger age at fracture (<6 months) was associated with higher refracture risk due to ongoing radial growth and shifting screw position.
• No significant association was found between refracture and plate type (locking vs conventional), fixation method, or ulnar union.
• Recommendations include careful SBDR sizing, motion restriction, and cautious plate removal decisions in growing dogs.