🔍 Key Findings

Design: In vitro study on cadaveric femurs (n=21) with basilar femoral neck fractures stabilized using 2 vs 3 titanium cannulated screws.

Stiffness: Control > 3-screw > 2-screw (674 > 120 > 90 N/mm).

Yield Load: 3-screw (586 N) > 2-screw (303 N); both < intact femur (2692 N).

Displacement: No difference across groups.

Complication: 3-screw technique more demanding; higher risk of cortical perforation, especially with narrow femoral necks.

Failure Mode: Dislodgement of femoral head + screw shaft bending.

Conclusion: 3 screws = stronger construct than 2 screws. Clinical implications need further study.

🔍 Key Findings

• 14 joints from 7 cat cadavers underwent AA-HTS successfully.
• Median surgical time: 46.5 min (29–144), including 7 min for arthroscopy and 40 min for toggle placement.
• Intraoperative complications in 5/14 joints: 4 related to femoral tunnel creation, 1 toggle lodging.
• Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, mildly difficult in 6 joints.
• Cartilage injury occurred in 10 joints, but all were minor (<10% of cartilage area).
• 13 deviations from planned technique were identified (8 major, 5 minor), all involving femoral tunnel placement.
• No neurovascular, intrapelvic, or major periarticular injuries occurred.
• Authors conclude: AA-HTS is feasible in cats, but associated with high rates of minor iatrogenic cartilage damage, intra-op complications, and technique deviations.

🔍 Key Findings

Study size: 105 dogs (73 ORPS; 32 MIPO)

MIPO vs ORPS differences:

• Surgical time: MIPO median 130 min vs ORPS 85 min (p < .001)
• Explant rate: MIPO 25% vs ORPS 4.1% (p = .003)
• Time to clinical union: MIPO 85 days vs ORPS 57 days (p = .010)
• Frontal alignment deviation: MIPO 3.5° vs ORPS 2.0° (p = .047)
• Comminution more frequent in MIPO (41% vs 16%; p = .012)

Significant predictors for MIPO use: More proximal fracture margin (p = .004), surgeon identity (p < .001)

No significant difference: Sagittal alignment, radial length, union rate, or complication rate by surgeon

Implant preference: Fixin plates used in 84% of MIPO; locking plates more common in ORPS

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
• No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
• In hindlimb amputees:
  • High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
  • Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
• Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
• Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning

🔍 Key Findings

• Caudal superficial epigastric (CSE) flaps were most visible with NIRFA, scoring 4/4 VFP in 97% of evaluations.
• CSE flap margins were altered in 65% of observations after NIRFA, showing the strongest influence on surgical planning.
• Thoracodorsal (THO) and omocervical (OMO) flaps had lower visualization scores, with 60–81% of images scoring below 2.
• Surgeons were 17–25 times more likely to adjust margins for CSE flaps versus OMO or THO based on fluorescence imaging.
• Poor inter-rater agreement was found for OMO (ICC 0.49) and THO (ICC 0.35); CSE had near-perfect agreement, but ICC was low due to uniform high scoring.
• Visualization was affected by flap depth and panniculus, making deeper vessels (OMO, THO) harder to see.
• Surgeons often shortened flap length and reduced flap area when modifying based on NIRFA results.
• Real-time angiosome visualization via NIRFA-ICG may reduce necrosis risk and improve patient-specific APF design.

🔍 Key Findings

• MEFF occurred in 11.4% (10/88 elbows) following medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement in dogs with HIF.
• Screw size to condylar height ratio >41% significantly increased MEFF risk (P = .004, OR 1.52).
• MEFF was not recognized intraoperatively in 60% of cases and was only seen on follow-up or retrospective imaging review.
• Screw loosening was the most common complication (11.2%), observed both with and without MEFF.
• MEFF tended to increase the risk of screw loosening (P = .06), but was not statistically significant.
• Most MEFFs did not require treatment and healed radiographically by 14–17 weeks in monitored cases.
• Shaft screws were used in all MEFF cases, but shaft vs cortical design was not significantly associated with MEFF.
• The clinical impact of MEFF was minor in most cases, although long-term significance is unknown.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
• Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
• Upper reference limits:
  • Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
  • Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
  • Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
• Median values (normal):
  • Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0
• Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
• No regurgitation observed in any dog
• No major adverse events with probe use
• Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study of 24 stifles in 22 dogs with concurrent CCLR and grade III–IV MPL treated via TPLO-TTT
• Major complications: 4/24 (3 surgical site infections, 1 MPL reluxation); minor complications: 5/24
• Long-term follow-up (median 27 months): 21/22 dogs sound, 23/24 stifles resolved
• Patellar ligament thickening observed post-op in 4 cases, resolved with rehab
• The only case of MPL reluxation involved untreated tibial torsion, suggesting case selection is critical

🔍 Key Findings

• LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
• Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
• No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
• Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
• Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
• Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
• No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
• Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.

🔍 Key Findings

• Thoracoscopic (TL) and thoracoscopic-assisted (TAL) lobectomy were performed in 12 dogs with non-neoplastic pulmonary consolidation.
• 44% (4/9) of TL cases required conversion, most often due to pleural adhesions or poor visualization — a higher rate than for neoplastic lobectomies.
• Surgical mortality was 8.3% (1/12 dogs), with death attributed to unaddressed BOAS, not surgical complications.
• All 11 surviving dogs had no recurrence of clinical signs at a median 24-month follow-up.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 58% (7/12): pneumothorax (2), hemorrhage (3), wound dehiscence (1), progressive pneumonia (1).
• One-lung ventilation (OLV) was successful in 78% of TL dogs but may be harder to achieve in brachycephalic breeds.
• Most dogs had infectious pneumonia (10/12), with bacterial causes identified in 8; fungal and viral etiologies were less common.
• Hospitalization was short, with median stays of 3–4 days depending on approach and conversion status.