🔍 Key Findings

• Laparoscopic ovariectomy produced a milder inflammatory response than open ovariectomy, supporting the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
• Twenty-six healthy anestrus bitches were randomized equally to laparoscopic (LAP) or open (OPEN) ovariectomy in a prospective, blinded clinical trial.
• IL-6 increased rapidly after laparoscopy but returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas OPEN surgery produced a later, more prolonged elevation.
• Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) remained higher after OPEN surgery, while LAP caused only a transient postoperative increase.
• Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased only in the OPEN group by postoperative day 7, suggesting a compensatory response to greater oxidative stress.
• PON-1 decreased after surgery in both groups, remaining lower in LAP through day 7, indicating that its interpretation as an inflammatory marker remains complex.
• LAP required longer operative time (35 vs 25 minutes; p = .008) but resulted in significantly smaller total incision length (1.5 vs 2.5 cm; p < .001).
• No intraoperative or postoperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in either treatment group.

🔍 Key Findings

Incidence of BFX lateral bolt stem breakage: 2.95% (13 dogs, 14 stems)

Implant factors:

• 13/14 were BFX lateral bolt stems (sizes #5–7)
• +9 necks used in 5/11 of 17 mm heads
• 10/14 stems undersized based on radiographs
• 10/13 dogs exceeded weight limits for implanted stem size

Malalignment:

• 10/14 had varus alignment (median 3.9°)
• 8/14 had insufficient proximodistal seating

Breakage site: Proximolateral shoulder in all cases

Revision outcomes:

• 11 revised (7 CFX, 3 larger BFX, 1 collared)
• 9/10 revised dogs regained full function
• Complications: 1 rebreakage, 1 periprosthetic fracture, 1 fixation failure

Histopathology:

• Electron microscopy showed fatigue striations and incomplete bead fusion

Conclusion: Avoid small BFX lateral bolt stems if undersized or if long necks required; use weight guidelines to prevent fatigue failure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Two-pin fixation had significantly greater strength (639 N) than single-pin fixation (426 N) in TTAF models (p = .003).
• Stiffness was also higher with two-pin constructs (72 N/mm vs 57 N/mm); statistically significant (p = .029).
• Both fixation types withstood loads greater than quadriceps force in dogs at a walk (240 N), indicating clinical viability.
• Failure was most commonly due to pin bending or pullout (82%), with fewer cases of ligament tearing or epiphyseal fracture.
• K-wire insertion angle (KWIA) did not significantly differ between fixation types (p = .13).
• Single larger pins delivered ~68% of the strength and ~83% of the stiffness of two smaller vertically aligned pins.
• Clinical implication: Two vertically aligned pins are biomechanically superior for TTAF fixation in canine models.
• Study used mature cadavers, which may underestimate loads and stiffness compared to immature clinical cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation (CLA) was associated with significantly fewer minor complications (13%) than neoureterostomy (100%) (P < .01)
• CLA resulted in significantly fewer recurrences of incontinence compared to neoureterostomy (0/7 vs 5/12; P < .05)
• 80% of dogs achieved continence within 1 month postoperatively, with a median continence score of 10
• Long-term continence was achieved in 88% of dogs, with or without adjunctive treatment, over a median of 66 months
• Major complications occurred in only 8% of dogs, and all were successfully managed with surgical revision
• Persistent ureteral remnants were seen only in neoureterostomy dogs, potentially contributing to incontinence recurrence
• All dogs with incontinence recurrence responded to medical treatment, while only 1/5 with persistent incontinence after surgery did
• CLA is recommended over open surgery for iEU correction, due to lower complication and recurrence rates

🔍 Key Findings

• Transecting the CCL remnant during TPLO did not reduce patellar ligament thickening (PLT) at any measured point (proximal, mid, distal).
• Transection also failed to reduce postoperative patellar ligament shortening (PLL) at 6 weeks.
• Both groups (transected vs non-transected) showed significant thickening and shortening, with greatest PLT increase at the midpoint.
• Increased PLT was positively correlated with tibial plateau rotation (p = 0.02) and postoperative TPA (p = 0.04).
• No correlation between TT-O (tibial tuberosity width index) and PLT, suggesting narrow osteotomies did not influence PLT in this population.
• Partial CCL rupture was not significantly protective; dogs with partial tears still developed ligament thickening.
• Post-TPLO mid-patellar ligament thickening may relate to Gelpi retractor placement and osteotomy mechanics rather than CCL status.
• Authors do not recommend CCL transection during TPLO to prevent desmitis, citing possible increased instability and degeneration.

🔍 Key Findings

• Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
• Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
• No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
• Leak location:
  • HSE: 60% from suture holes
  • CE: 100% from incisional line
  • HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
• Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed models using desktop printers (FDM, LFS) showed submillimetric accuracy, comparable to or better than industrial-grade PJP printers.
• Bone size had a greater effect on print accuracy than printer type, especially in proximal humerus regions.
• The humeral condyle region showed the greatest model accuracy, with mean differences under 0.5 mm, regardless of printer.
• Models tended to be slightly smaller than cadaveric bones, potentially due to systematic underestimation during printing.
• FDM printer provided the highest accuracy at the humeral condyle in medium-sized bones (+0.09 mm).
• LFS printer produced prints faster and more reliably than FDM, although both had comparable dimensional accuracy.
• Statistically significant differences existed, but all were submillimetric and unlikely to impact surgical outcomes.
• Desktop printers are suitable for surgical planning, including plate pre-contouring and patient-specific instrumentation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
• Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
• No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
• Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
• NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
• Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
• ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
• The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings

• 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
• 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
• Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
• Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
• Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
• Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
• Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
• SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.