🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral humeral condylar fractures (LHCF) were most common, comprising 63.6% of cases.
• Transcondylar screw (TCS) + K-wire(s) fixation had a 7.62x higher risk of major complications compared to other methods (p = .009).
• All cases of TCS migration occurred in the TCS + K-wire group; none occurred with plate fixation.
• Overall complication rate was 40.9%, with 29.5% being major and requiring intervention.
• Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) were found in 58.1% of French Bulldogs with CT data.
• No significant association between age and presence of HIF, but fissure length increased with age (R = 0.47, p = .048).
• Younger, lighter dogs had higher complication and screw migration rates, possibly due to softer bone and smaller condyles.
• TCS + plate fixation had the lowest complication rate, suggesting biomechanical superiority.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 73 hips from 60 dogs undergoing cementless THR.
Methods evaluated:

• ACVD/ACOLL (acetabular circle on VD or OLL view)
• ALVD/ALOLL (acetabular line)
• FHCVD/FHCOLL/FHCCCHB (femoral head circle)

• Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver consistency were excellent for ACVD and ACOLL.
• FHC methods consistently underestimated actual cup size by 2.4–3.6 mm.
• AC and AL methods had low bias (±0.5 mm) and better predictive value.
• OA severity negatively affected the accuracy of all measurements (p < .05).
• Highest predictive accuracy was ~49% using ACVD with rounding down protocol.

🔍 Key Findings

• Skin staple anastomosis (SSA) had comparable leak pressures to hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) but required half the time to complete.
• Skin staple enterotomy (SSE) had significantly lower leak pressures than hand-sewn enterotomy (HSE) and failed in 12/20 constructs during pressure testing.
• HSE constructs took 8× longer to complete than SSE, but had much higher intraluminal pressure tolerance.
• All SSE constructs leaked from the center, with 35% leaking immediately and 60% showing catastrophic failure.
• SSA leakage occurred at the center in 40% of constructs, likely due to a learning curve in early samples.
• All constructs had higher pressures than normal physiologic intestinal pressure (4.0 mmHg ±2.0), except some SSEs with immediate leaks.
• Authors recommend SSA as a viable alternative with appropriate training but do not recommend SSE using the tested technique in live cats.
• Staple size and placement technique are key factors; smaller or more precisely placed staples may reduce leak risk.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 373 cats with high-rise syndrome (HRS) from 2017–2020.
ATTS was the only significant predictor of survival (p < 0.001); each point increase decreased survival odds (OR = 0.46).
AUC for ATTS ROC curve: 0.857 (95% CI: 0.788–0.926).
Floor height, lesion type, and ground surface were not significantly associated with survival.
Odds of injury were 7.98× higher when landing on hard vs. soft surface (p < 0.001).
16.96× increased injury risk from the fourth vs. third floor (p = 0.008).
Cats with ATTS ≥7 had 62% mortality; median ATTS increased with floor height (r = 0.244, p < 0.001).
Thoracic and vertebral trauma were most common causes of death.
Only 32% of cats had the “classic” HRS triad (pneumothorax, epistaxis, hard palate fracture).

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in non-infected incisional dehiscence rates among groups using PDS vs. Monocryl for subcutaneous and skin closure.
• Overall dehiscence rate: 9.48% (22/232 dogs).
• Postoperative antibiotic use and signs of inflammation were significantly associated with dehiscence (p = .023 and p < .001, respectively).
• Dogs not receiving postoperative antibiotics had a higher dehiscence rate (14.74%) than those that did (5.84%).
• Most dehiscence cases were superficial (85.7%), and the average length of dehiscence was 1.71 cm.
• No statistically significant impact of weight, BCS, incision length, procedure type, surgeon experience, closure direction, or barrier use on dehiscence rate.

🔍 Key Findings

• 97.4% of dogs returned to normal function after total hip replacement using the BFX lateral bolt.
• Mean femoral stem subsidence was 1.22 mm, with most occurring in the first month and minimal thereafter.
• Postoperative complication rate was 13.6%, with 9.2% major and 4.4% minor complications.
• Femoral fractures (3.6%) and coxofemoral luxations (3.6%) were the most common major complications.
• Increased age and higher stem size were risk factors for postoperative femoral fractures; CFI >2.0 was also associated.
• Medial calcar fractures were avoided, and fractures occurred distal to stem ingrowth zone, simplifying repairs.
• Three cases underwent prophylactic plating, all with excellent outcomes and no complications.
• Explant rate was 2.6% (5/195), with most failures involving acetabular cup rather than femoral stem.

🔍 Key Findings

• NAS-ILN had significantly greater stiffness in both axial compression and 4-point bending compared to LCP constructs.
• Ultimate load to failure was significantly higher for NAS-ILN in compression (804 N vs 328 N) and bending (25.7 Nm vs 16.3 Nm).
• Torsional stiffness and angular deformation were similar, but NAS-ILN resisted higher torque to failure than LCP (22.5 Nm vs 19.1 Nm).
• No slack was observed with the NAS-ILN construct, unlike older nail designs.
• Failure modes differed: LCPs failed via plate bending; NAS-ILNs failed at the implant or bone near screw holes.
• Titanium alloy and curved design of NAS-ILN provides better anatomic fit and more uniform stress distribution.
• A third, perpendicular locking hole in NAS-ILN may enhance torsional stability but was not utilized in this study.
• The curved, angle-stable design of NAS-ILN is a novel advancement in veterinary orthopedics.

🔍 Key Findings

• Histologic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm biopsies was 90%, with a Gwet's AC1 of 0.81 (p < .0001).
• 5 mm biopsies yielded significantly more portal triads and lobules than 3 mm samples (p = .0003 and p < .0001).
• Crush artifacts were significantly higher in 3 mm samples (p = .035), though fragmentation scores were similar (p = .935).
• Both forceps produced adequate samples for histopathology, copper quantification, and bacterial culture.
• No hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred, and both sizes were deemed safe and minimally invasive.
• Surface area ≥40 mm² strongly predicted ≥11 portal triads, a desirable threshold for reliable histopathology.
• Use of 3 mm instruments was easier in small dogs (<12 kg), but more challenging in larger dogs due to shaft length.
• Clinical diagnoses were unaffected by forceps size, even in the one discordant histologic pair.

🔍 Key Findings

• The CORA-based cranial closing wedge ostectomy (CCWOCORA) consistently achieved the target postoperative TPA of 5° across all tibial morphologies.
• CCWOCORA produced significantly less variability in postoperative TPA compared to other methods (TPA range: 5.00–5.00°; p < .001).
• Mechanical axis advancement (MAA) was precisely controlled at 3° in CCWOCORA, leading to greater surgical predictability.
• Other techniques (e.g., CCWO_TPA, CCWO_TPA–5, CCWO_ISO) showed greater variance in TPA, MAA, and tibial length.
• In small-breed dogs, increasing the MAA from 3° to 5° did not affect TPA outcomes, but increased proximal bone stock, improving feasibility.
• Wedge angles and tibial length changes varied by method, but CCWOCORA maintained length better than TPA-based methods.
• The technique allows preoperative planning of both desired MAA and TPA, enhancing predictability and customization.
• CORA methodology enables precise geometric correction and alignment of mechanical axes, reducing reliance on trial-and-error alignment.

🔍 Key Findings

• PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
• PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
• UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
• Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
• Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
• Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).