Your Custom Quiz
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, what percentage of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of the target?
🔍 Key Findings:
- Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
- Osteotomy types (3 groups):
- 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
- Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
- Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
- Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
- Main Outcomes:
- PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
- 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
- Significant improvements with PSG in:
- Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
- Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
- Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
- No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
- Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
2024-2-VS-townsend-2
In Petazzoni 2026 et al., on tibial detorsional osteotomy, CT evaluation of dogs with medial patellar luxation most commonly identified which tibial abnormality?
🔍 Key Findings
- PTDO restored normal patellar tracking in 96% (51/53) of stifles, supporting its use for PL associated with abnormal tibial torsion.
- Clinical function was full in 72% and acceptable in 24%, giving a combined full/acceptable outcome in 96% of cases.
- External tibial torsion predominated in MPL: CT demonstrated a mean tibial torsion angle of 8.8° ± 4.7°, with external torsion identified in 22/23 CT-assessed MPL limbs.
- CT helps distinguish true tibial torsion from tibial tuberosity displacement: despite apparent medial tibial tuberosity positioning on caudocranial radiographs, mean CT tibial tuberosity location was central.
- PTDO corrects torsion by rotating the distal tibial fragment opposite the deformity; for external torsion, the distal fragment was internally rotated until appropriate pes–tibial tuberosity alignment was achieved.
- Radiographic union occurred at a mean of 2.7 ± 0.5 months, with relatively few bone-healing complications despite the unstable nature of the osteotomy.
- Overall complications occurred in 33% (18/53), including 11% major and 22% minor complications; PTDO failure, persistent PL, and DFO failure accounted for the major events.
- Rigid locking fixation is clinically important because detorsion creates cortical mismatch and poor bone-to-bone contact; the authors emphasize locking implants and accurate plate contouring for construct stability.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2026
Clinical outcomes and complications after proximal tibial detorsional osteotomy for patellar luxation in dogs: A multicenter retrospective study
2026-6-vs-petazzoni-2
In İnal 2025 et al., on supracutaneous locking plates, what was the median fracture healing time observed in cats and dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Supracutaneous locking plates (SLPs) were successfully used to manage 33 diaphyseal fractures (radial–ulnar and tibial) in 30 cats and dogs.
- Median fracture healing time was 50.5 days (range: 27–88), with most patients regaining limb use within days postoperatively.
- CT-based metrics (callus area, HU, and 3D bone volume) increased significantly during healing (p < 0.05), validating CT as a quantitative tool for assessing healing.
- Complications were minimal: minor in 15/33 (e.g., screw tract discharge, edema), and major in 3/33 (e.g., implant failure, delayed union, nonunion).
- Minimally invasive osteosynthesis required longer surgery times than closed reduction (p < 0.05), but both techniques were viable.
- SLPs enabled successful bilateral fracture management without inter-plate interference due to their compact design.
- Screw orientation challenges were noted in cats, especially with cranial application to the radius due to narrow anatomy.
- Polyaxial locking screws were used safely and did not dislodge, allowing for angular insertion (≤10°) to avoid neurovascular structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Minimally Invasive Radial–Ulnar and Tibial Fracture Management with Supracutaneous Locking Plates in Dogs and Cats
2025-5-VCOT-inal-1
In Yu 2026 et al., on elbow OA surgery outcomes, what was emphasized as a priority for improving future surgical OA studies in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Canine unicompartmental elbow (CUE) had the highest reported success (91–98%) and the second-best safety profile (NNH = 7.6).
- Sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) showed moderate success (43–82%) but had the best safety profile (NNH = 9.5).
- Overall evidence quality was low, with no Level I studies and only five Level II (prospective) studies.
- Success measures were inconsistent, often based on subjective outcomes (e.g., owner satisfaction), limiting comparability.
- Adverse events were common, with high complication rates in arthrodesis and total elbow arthroplasty (TEA).
- One study using objective outcome (PVF) showed only 43% long-term success for SHO, suggesting possible overestimation of success in subjective studies.
- The review highlights the need for validated, standardized outcome tools in elbow OA surgery trials.
- Number needed to harm (NNH) emerged as a more consistent and informative safety metric than success percentages.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Systematic review of surgical treatment for severe elbow osteoarthritis in dogs
2026-1-vs-yu-5
In Cantatore 2022 et al., on transanal submucosal resection, what was the major complication rate following surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Submucosal resection via a transanal approach was associated with a low rate (1.1%) of major complications and prolonged survival across benign and malignant rectal tumors.
- Overall recurrence rate was 21.5%, with higher recurrence in malignant tumors: 28.6% (carcinomas) and 30.4% (carcinoma in situ) vs. 13.6% (adenomas).
- Complications (P = .032) and incomplete margins (P = .023) were independently associated with increased recurrence risk.
- Recurrence was the only factor associated with increased risk of tumor-related death (P = .046).
- Repeat submucosal resection was successful in 60% of dogs with recurrence, indicating feasibility of this as a salvage approach.
- 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73%, though overall survival was significantly longer for benign tumors (P = .001).
- Preoperative diagnostics (FNA, biopsy) were often inconsistent with final histopathology – only 64.3% biopsy agreement.
- Presurgical imaging was not consistently performed, limiting accurate staging in many dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Submucosal resection via a transanal approach for treatment of epithelial rectal tumors – a multicenter study
2022-3-VS-cantatore-3
In Heald 2022 et al., on PED wound therapy, what was the total time to clinical healing in the dog case after initiation of treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
- Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
- In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
- In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
- PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
- No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
- PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Electroceutical treatment of infected chronic wounds in a dog and a cat
2022-3-VS-heald-2
In Larose 2024 et al., on laparoscopic liver biopsies in dogs, which artifact was significantly more common in 3 mm biopsy samples compared to 5 mm samples?
🔍 Key Findings
- Histologic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm biopsies was 90%, with a Gwet's AC1 of 0.81 (p < .0001).
- 5 mm biopsies yielded significantly more portal triads and lobules than 3 mm samples (p = .0003 and p < .0001).
- Crush artifacts were significantly higher in 3 mm samples (p = .035), though fragmentation scores were similar (p = .935).
- Both forceps produced adequate samples for histopathology, copper quantification, and bacterial culture.
- No hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred, and both sizes were deemed safe and minimally invasive.
- Surface area ≥40 mm² strongly predicted ≥11 portal triads, a desirable threshold for reliable histopathology.
- Use of 3 mm instruments was easier in small dogs (<12 kg), but more challenging in larger dogs due to shaft length.
- Clinical diagnoses were unaffected by forceps size, even in the one discordant histologic pair.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Comparing 3 mm and 5 mm laparoscopic liver biopsy samples in dogs
2024-4-VS-larose1-3
In Ramsey 2025 et al., on tibial alignment, which technique most closely restored anatomic tibial plateau angle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Straight interlocking nails (sILN) resulted in a significantly higher postoperative TPA compared with the contralateral limb (+5°), whereas bent nails (bILN) increased TPA by only +1°.
- Bent interlocking nails achieved closer-to-anatomic tibial plateau alignment than straight nails (p < .0001).
- Both techniques resulted in mild valgus malalignment (~2°) compared with the contralateral limb, but this was not clinically significant.
- No significant differences in medial mechanical proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) were detected between groups.
- Medullary canal fill was higher with bent nails (by ~6.6%), suggesting improved coaxial nail placement.
- Missed bolt hole frequency did not differ between straight and bent nail techniques.
- Complication rates were very low, with only one clinically relevant malalignment reported in the bent nail group.
- Despite higher TPA in the straight nail group, no increased incidence of CCL rupture was identified during follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Comparison of tibial alignment following bent or straight interlocking nail fixation for dogs with diaphyseal tibial fractures
2025-8-vs-ramsey-2
In Frapwell 2026 et al., on humeral condyle morphology, how did HIF-associated morphology differ in non-spaniels versus controls?
🔍 Key Findings
- HIF-affected dogs had significantly greater angle A and B, indicating increased axial articular angulation of the medial and lateral humeral condyle (p < .001).
- Vertical condylar height (lengths a and b) was significantly greater in HIF-affected dogs compared to controls (p = .007 and p < .001 respectively).
- Angle G (dorsal plane medial condyle angle) was also significantly greater in HIF-affected dogs, suggesting altered medial humeral morphology (p < .001).
- The angle between axial surfaces (A–B angle) was significantly more acute in HIF dogs (107.4° vs. 114.2°, p < .001), suggesting potential for increased shear force.
- Springer Spaniels with HIF showed significantly greater angulation and vertical height than unaffected Springer controls (p < .001 to .007 across variables).
- Morphological differences persisted across non-spaniel breeds, reinforcing that altered condylar geometry is not breed-restricted.
- Authors propose that greater condylar angulation contributes to shear stress, orthogonal to the fissure, possibly contributing to HIF pathogenesis.
- These morphologic alterations could inform future screening or preventive strategies, and may explain variable surgical outcomes and implant failure.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Analysis of humeral condylar morphology in dogs with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2026-1-VS-frapwell-5
In Konno 2026 et al., on hepatic mass resection risks, what was the significance of the corrected distance from the mass to the CVC?
🔍 Key Findings
- Postoperative complications occurred in 17.7% of dogs undergoing hepatic mass resection; mortality was 6.3%
- Shorter corrected distance from hepatic mass to CVC (per 0.1 cm/kg decrease) was significantly associated with increased complications (OR: 0.666; p = .017)
- Presence of underlying disease increased complication risk (OR: 2.703; p = .007)
- Intraoperative hypotension was a strong predictor of complications (OR: 3.589; p = .019)
- Surgical time was borderline significant in multivariable models (OR: 1.011 per min; p = .052)
- Liver lobe location (left, central, right) was not significantly associated with complications
- Prothrombin time (PT) correlated with complication risk in univariable analysis but was not consistently significant in multivariable models
- CT evaluation of mass proximity to the CVC is a useful preoperative predictor of complication risk
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Risk factors for complications associated with canine hepatic mass resection: A study of 96 cases
2026-1-VS-konno-2
Quiz Results
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