Your Custom Quiz
In Takagi 2022 et al., on hepatic venous anatomy, how frequently did the papillary process drain into the caudal vena cava rather than the left hepatic vein?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
- Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
- Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
- Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
- Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
- Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
- Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
- CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
2022-4-VS-takagi-4
In Scott 2023 et al., on thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy, which **surgical device** was associated with **shorter median surgery time**?
🔍 Key Findings
- TA lung lobectomy was feasible in dogs ≥3 kg, including those with lesions up to 10 cm.
- 12 intraoperative complications (40%) occurred, with 6 dogs (20%) converted to open thoracotomy, mainly due to adhesions or inability to isolate lobes.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 dogs (27%), most were mild (63%), and only 1 death (3%) was reported.
- Median hospitalization was 47 hours; 29/30 dogs were discharged successfully.
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was attempted in 7 dogs but successfully maintained in only 4.
- Linear staplers had shorter surgery times (median 57.5 min) than endoscopic staplers (80 min).
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in 77% of cases, most commonly papillary and bronchioalveolar carcinoma.
- TA lobectomy allows MIS in smaller dogs or with large lesions, avoiding need for full thoracotomy or complex anesthesia/stapling.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs
2023-1-VS-scott-3
In Johnson 2026 et al., on long-term respiratory outcomes, which statement best describes the observed change in Respiratory Functional Grades (RFGs) after surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Long-term respiratory outcomes after BOAS surgery remained improved vs. preoperative values, with no significant decline over time.
- Short-term and long-term Respiratory Functional Grades (RFGs) improved in 81% of dogs, with 34% improving by two grades.
- BOAS indices improved significantly in both short- and long-term follow-ups (mean decrease ~23–25%), supporting sustained benefit.
- No significant difference between short- and long-term BOAS indices (p = .623), indicating durability of surgical effects.
- Obesity impacted outcomes — dogs with increased RFG at long-term follow-up were more likely to have gained weight.
- Owner-reported outcomes poorly correlated with objective measures — some dogs classified as BOAS-affected were perceived by owners as “normal.”
- Multilevel surgery was common, with palatoplasty, tonsillectomy, sacculectomy, and ala-vestibuloplasty most frequently performed.
- Dogs undergoing revision airway surgery were excluded, possibly biasing long-term outcomes toward favorable results.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Comparison of short- and long-term objective respiratory outcomes after surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2026-1-VS-johnson-2
In Berthomé 2025 et al., on prophylactic fenestration in cervical IVDE, which statement best describes complication rates between PF and non-PF groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Prophylactic fenestration (PF) significantly reduced recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (0% vs. 37.8%, p < .001).
- Surgery time was longer with PF (median 182 vs. 110 min, p = .017), but no difference in perioperative complication rates (PF 16.7%, non-PF 18.9%; p = .838).
- 25% overall recurrence rate, but all recurrences occurred in the non-PF group.
- Medical management was effective in 92.9% of recurrence cases.
- Most PF sites targeted adjacent discs; 88.9% were at adjacent levels, which are common recurrence sites.
- Neurologic outcomes were similar between PF and non-PF dogs post-surgery and at follow-up.
- Fenestration technique (blade vs. burr) not shown to affect outcome but contributed to extended surgical time.
- No major complications or deaths linked directly to PF in initial surgeries.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion in 55 dogs after surgical decompression with or without prophylactic fenestration
2025-6-VS-berthome-4
In Welsh 2025 et al., on orthogonal plating, how did unilateral plating compare to orthogonal plating?
🔍 Key Findings
- Compared unilateral plating (UP) vs orthogonal plating (OP) with 2.0, 2.4, and 3.0 mm plates (OP2.0, OP2.4, OP3.0).
- Model: acetal homopolymer (Delrin) rod with 29 mm fixed fracture gap, loaded axially (4–196 N, 90,000 cycles).
- OP constructs had 2.5–4.1x higher strength and 3.0–4.2x higher stiffness than UP constructs (p < .0002).
- UP had 3.5–4.1x higher gap strain than OP groups (p < .0075).
- All OP groups exceeded 1000 N max load before failure (vs 424 N for UP).
- Greater implant size in OP groups further increased performance.
- All constructs survived fatigue loading; 3.5 mm plates showed deformation, especially UP; OP plates remained intact.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Biomechanical analysis of orthogonal and unilateral locking plate constructs in a fracture gap model
2025-4-VS-welsh-2
In Poggi 2024 et al., on laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in dogs, what was the maximum tumor size among resected pancreatic masses?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic pancreatic mass resection (LPMR) was successfully performed in all 12 dogs, with no conversion to open laparotomy required.
- Median operative time was 69 minutes (range 35–100 min); 11/12 dogs were discharged within 48 hours, and one was discharged after 7 days.
- No major intraoperative complications occurred; minor complications included mild bleeding (2/12) and cannula malfunction (1/12).
- All dogs survived the procedure and were discharged.
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in all dogs: 9 insulinomas and 3 pancreatic carcinomas; all tumors were completely excised with clear margins.
- No recurrences were reported; 3 dogs died of unrelated causes, and 9 were still alive at the time of reporting.
- No postoperative hypoglycemia was observed; 1 dog had transient hyperglycemia, and minor complications included vomiting, idiopathic seizures, and pancreatitis, all of which resolved.
- Authors concluded that LPMR is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for selected distal pancreatic masses in dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopic resection of pancreatic masses in 12 dogs
2024-5-VS-poggi-5
In Hertel 2025 et al., on portal venotomy for insulinoma, what material and technique were used to close the venotomy site?
🔍 Key Findings
- Portal venotomy enabled successful en bloc resection of a pancreatic insulinoma and associated thrombus in the portal vein, a novel approach in veterinary literature.
- Temporary portal vein occlusion (15 min) was well tolerated, causing only transient small intestinal congestion without lasting hemodynamic compromise.
- No intraoperative hemorrhage occurred following vascular isolation and venotomy repair with 5–0 polypropylene in a simple continuous pattern.
- Postoperative complications were minimal, with only moderate pancreatitis managed medically and no portal hypertension observed on follow-up imaging.
- Histopathology confirmed insulinoma, with no initial metastasis; CT at 6 months revealed hepatic and peritoneal metastases but no local recurrence at the venotomy site.
- Portal vein luminal stenosis occurred post-repair but was clinically insignificant.
- Advanced CT imaging and 3D printed modeling significantly enhanced surgical planning and anatomical assessment.
- Surgical excision achieved good short-term outcomes, and the dog was alive and euglycemic one year later despite metastatic disease.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Successful venotomy for portal tumor thrombus removal due to pancreatic carcinoma in a dog
2025-5-VS-hertel-4
In Ellis 2024 et al., which HU metric showed the best interobserver agreement?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 86 elbows assessed: 32 Guide Dogs, 11 Border Collies
- Guide Dogs showed significantly higher HU values in:
- MCP: min (p = 0.022), mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Humeral trochlea: mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Results imply breed-associated HU variation, not necessarily pathologic sclerosis
- Relevance: Important to avoid false positives for elbow dysplasia during CT-based breeding screens
- Good interobserver agreement for mean HU values (ICC ~0.82–0.90)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Comparison of Hounsfield Units within the Humeral Trochlea and Medial Coronoid Process in a Population of Labrador X Golden Retriever Guide Dogs and Border Collies
2024-3-VCOT-ellis-5
In Townsend 2024 et al., on 3D osteotomy accuracy, what percentage of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of the target?
🔍 Key Findings:
- Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
- Osteotomy types (3 groups):
- 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
- Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
- Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
- Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
- Main Outcomes:
- PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
- 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
- Significant improvements with PSG in:
- Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
- Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
- Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
- No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
- Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: Ex vivo model
2024-2-VS-townsend-2
In Bae 2025 et al., on SI screw orientation, which parameter did NOT differ significantly among groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
- Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
- Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
- Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
- All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
- Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
- Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Effect of thread direction on rotational stability in lag-screw fixation of sacroiliac luxation: An ex vivo cadaveric study in small-breed dogs
2025-2-VS-bae-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings