Your Custom Quiz
In Silveira 2022 et al., on GTO in canine THR, what was the long-term outcome of all cases treated with this technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- GTO enabled successful cementless THR in dogs with severe medialization of the greater trochanter or chronic craniodorsal hip luxation.
- All 5 hips had acceptable long-term outcomes (median follow-up: 48 months) with full function and no persistent complications.
- Only one major complication occurred—a luxation unrelated to the GTO and successfully corrected with cup revision.
- GTO facilitated femoral canal access and gluteal preservation, reducing risk of iatrogenic injury during broaching.
- All GTOs healed radiographically (4 by 6 weeks, 1 by 12 weeks), with no cases of nonunion or implant migration.
- No complications related to GTO or PTBW fixation (pins + tension band) were observed in any dog.
- Surgical planning included templating both THR and GTO to ensure ideal alignment and reduce fracture risk.
- GTO may be especially valuable in luxoid hip dysplasia phenotypes or chronically fixed luxations.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Greater trochanter osteotomy as a component of cementless total hip replacement: Five cases in four dogs
2022-2-VS-silveira-2
In Burton 2025 et al., on antebrachial conformation, what was the interpretation of increased UCORA in dogs with HIF?
🔍 Key Findings
- PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
- PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
- UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
- Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
- Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
- Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2025-4-VS-burton-2
In Trefny 2025 et al., on plate length and stiffness, which plate length significantly increased construct stiffness over all shorter options?
🔍 Key Findings
- 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
- Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
- No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
- Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
- The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
- Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
- Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
- Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Effect of Plate Length on Construct Stiffness and Strain in a Synthetic Short-Fragment Fracture Gap Model Stabilized with a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
2025-2-VCOT-trefny-1
In Huels 2025 et al., on second-generation screw cup THA, which implant component was responsible for most major complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Total complication rate was 16.7%, with 5/30 hips experiencing major complications, mostly related to the femoral component.
- Cup-associated complications were rare (3.3%), with only one case of acetabular cup luxation attributed to surgical technique rather than implant failure.
- No cases of late aseptic loosening were observed during a median follow-up of 17.5 months.
- Implant stability was attributed to the SCSL's porous, trabecular titanium surface, enhancing osseointegration.
- Three femoral stem fractures occurred in a single dog, leading to implant removal; material testing was not performed.
- Most complications were femoral in origin (6/7), not acetabular, suggesting improved performance of the SCSL.
- Explantation rate was 13% (4/30), but some removals were due to owner preference against revision.
- Subjective functional outcome was full recovery in 26/30 hips, including one with successful revision of stem subsidence.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Complications and Long-Term Outcome in 30 Canine Total Hip Arthroplasties Using a Second-Generation Selective Laser Melted Screw Cup
2025-2-VCOT-huels-2
In Violini 2024 et al., on 3D-guided spinal stabilization in brachycephalic dogs, what percentage of pedicle screws achieved optimal placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spinal stabilization with 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3D-PSGs) was safe, with no immediate perioperative complications reported.
- 84% of pedicle screws were optimally placed, and only 0.5% breached the spinal canal, reflecting high placement accuracy.
- 80% of dogs experienced no neurologic deterioration postoperatively, indicating reliable short-term safety.
- 3D-PSGs were accurate and reproducible, even across multiple institutions and surgeons.
- Mid-term outcomes were favorable: all dogs were ambulatory, and 90% had static or improved neurologic signs.
- 7 of 10 mid-term follow-ups showed abnormal gait, though owners rated lifestyle ≥3/5, suggesting acceptable function.
- 3D-printed guides enabled precise pedicle screw placement in deformed vertebrae, expanding options in small breeds.
- One dog suffered a T4 spinous process fracture due to overextension of PMMA cement, emphasizing the need for cement placement caution.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Clinical outcomes of 20 brachycephalic dogs with thoracolumbar spinal deformities causing neurological signs treated with spinal stabilization using 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides
2024-4-VS-violini-1
In Niida 2024 et al., on surgical residents and TPLO time, what trend was seen across the 3 years of residency training?
🔍 Key Findings
- Resident involvement significantly increased TPLO surgery duration compared to cases performed by faculty surgeons (FS)-only. Residents required 54% more surgery time (GLSM, 153 min) than FS-only cases (GLSM, 99 min), representing a 1.54-fold increase.
- The study did not report on short-term complication rates. No conclusions can be drawn from this source regarding complications between resident and faculty groups.
- Bone plate contouring was not evaluated. The source does not provide data regarding contouring frequency or its comparison between groups.
- Surgery duration significantly decreased after the first year of residency, but remained stable between second- and third-year residents. This was largely due to shorter tibial osteotomy durations, while arthroscopy times remained unchanged across residency years.
- Meniscal treatment was performed in 80% of cases, and it was associated with increased surgical duration, but the study did not compare the frequency of medial meniscal release between resident and faculty cases.
- The study did not evaluate osteotomy healing or revision surgery. Cases requiring immediate reoperation were excluded.
- Bone union outcomes were not assessed at 8 weeks or any other time point.
- The study concludes that resident participation significantly prolongs surgical time, but no data are provided regarding the effect on short-term clinical outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
The impact of surgery resident training on the duration of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and outcomes in dogs
2024-5-VS-niida-3
In Buote 2023 et al., on 3D printed cannulas, what issue occurred during live case 1 involving insufflation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Customized 3D printed cannulas (3DPCs) significantly reduced surgical time in feline cadaver models (125.6 vs. 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
- Use of 3DPCs resulted in a reduction in instrument collisions (6.8 vs. 2.6, p = 0.03).
- Cannula pullout complications decreased with 3DPCs (10 vs. 2.2 per procedure, p = 0.03).
- 3DPCs were designed at shorter lengths (3 cm), improving intra-abdominal working space in cats.
- No incisional or postoperative complications occurred in the two live feline cases.
- One 3DPC insufflation port broke intraoperatively; resolved by using a male luer lock connector in the next case.
- CO₂ leakage occurred from re-used silicone valves in 2 ports; emphasizing the need for durable valve design.
- Estimated cost per 3DPC was <$5.00, suggesting cost-effective customization for feline laparoscopy.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
3D printed cannulas for use in laparoscopic surgery in feline patients: A cadaveric study and case series
2023-7-VS-buote-3
In Jones 2024 et al., on elbow OA cysts, how was SBC prevalence related to osteoarthritis severity?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 38 Labrador Retrievers (76 elbows)
- SBCs (subchondral bone cysts):
- Not found in elbows without OA
- Increased number and size with OA severity:
- Grade 1: median 3 SBCs
- Grade 2: 9 SBCs
- Grade 3: 20 SBCs (p < .001)
- Larger SBCs in more severe OA (OR = 1.056, p = .012)
- Locations: 62% humerus, 28% ulna, 10% radius
- Sex and Age Effects:
- Older dogs had larger SBCs (p = .013)
- Female dogs had smaller SBCs (p = .002)
- SBC number unrelated to age or sex
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Evaluation of subchondral bone cysts in canine elbows with radiographic osteoarthritis secondary to elbow dysplasia
2024-2-VS-jones-1
In Clarke 2022 et al., on nasopharyngeal collapse severity, what was the statistical outcome of comparing pre- and postoperative collapse measurements?
🔍 Key Findings
- Nasopharyngeal collapse was significantly more severe in brachycephalic dogs (median 65%) than in nonbrachycephalic controls (median 10%) (p = .0001).
- Postoperative fluoroscopy showed no significant improvement in nasopharyngeal collapse (p = .0505), despite reported clinical improvement.
- 70% of brachycephalic dogs had ≥50% collapse; 26% had 100% collapse preoperatively.
- All owners of surgical cases reported clinical improvement, including reduced respiratory noise and improved exercise tolerance.
- Surgical techniques used included combinations of alaplasty, staphylectomy, sacculectomy, and tonsillectomy.
- Improvement in nasopharyngeal dimensions was variable, with some dogs improving ≥45%, some worsening, and one dog showing a 100% increase post-op.
- Pharyngeal collapse may not be solely anatomical; neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g., reduced pharyngeal dilator muscle function) may contribute.
- Current surgical techniques may not address functional airway abnormalities, suggesting a need for multimodal or targeted interventions.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Severity of nasopharyngeal collapse before and after corrective upper airway surgery in brachycephalic dogs
2022-6-VS-clarke-3
In Berger 2023 et al., on elbow COR estimation, how might external epicondylar landmarks assist in elbow surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
- In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
- In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
- Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
- The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
- COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
- External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
- Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
2023-1-VS-berger-5
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Key Findings