🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
• Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
• No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
• Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
• Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
• False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
• The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
• Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
• Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
• 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
• All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
• Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
• Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
• Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• No significant difference in mechanical properties between contoured vs non-contoured SOP-LC rods
• Clamp configuration significantly influenced mechanical performance:
  • Single-side clamps → ↑ yield load, ↑ displacement, ↑ bending strength (p < 0.05)
  • Alternating-side clamps → ↑ initial torsional stiffness (p = 0.029)
• Clamp slippage was evident only in torsional tests; screw loosening may be torque-dependent
• Mild screw bending and construct offset suggest subtle instability
• Recommends clamp configuration choice based on loading scenario
• Suggests 3.0 Nm torque may be more effective than 2.5 Nm to prevent clamp slippage

🔍 Key Findings

• Resident involvement significantly increased TPLO surgery duration compared to cases performed by faculty surgeons (FS)-only. Residents required 54% more surgery time (GLSM, 153 min) than FS-only cases (GLSM, 99 min), representing a 1.54-fold increase.
• The study did not report on short-term complication rates. No conclusions can be drawn from this source regarding complications between resident and faculty groups.
• Bone plate contouring was not evaluated. The source does not provide data regarding contouring frequency or its comparison between groups.
• Surgery duration significantly decreased after the first year of residency, but remained stable between second- and third-year residents. This was largely due to shorter tibial osteotomy durations, while arthroscopy times remained unchanged across residency years.
• Meniscal treatment was performed in 80% of cases, and it was associated with increased surgical duration, but the study did not compare the frequency of medial meniscal release between resident and faculty cases.
• The study did not evaluate osteotomy healing or revision surgery. Cases requiring immediate reoperation were excluded.
• Bone union outcomes were not assessed at 8 weeks or any other time point.
• The study concludes that resident participation significantly prolongs surgical time, but no data are provided regarding the effect on short-term clinical outcomes.

🔍 Key Findings

• Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
• Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
• All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
• Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
• Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
• Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
• Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
• Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.

🔍 Key Findings

From “Long-term follow up of 44 cats undergoing total hip replacement” by Rodiño Tilve et al.

• Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) was the most common surgical indication (61%, 34/56 hips), primarily affecting young neutered male cats.
• All THRs used cemented micro/nano BioMedtrix implants; most common femoral stem was size #3, and most common acetabular cup was 12 mm.
• Postoperative complication rate was 19.6% (11/56) with 9 major complications (luxation most common), and no intraoperative complications reported.
• All luxations occurred in hips implanted with femoral neck +0 mm length implants.
• Second luxations were more common when revision used same implant size; use of larger implants reduced reluxation rates.
• FMPI-sf score improved significantly from median 2.111 pre-op to 0.111 post-op (P < .001), indicating reduced pain and improved function.
• Very high owner satisfaction: 91% (30/33) reported outcome as "very good."
• No significant associations found between complications and variables like weight, sex, implant size, or surgical indication.

🔍 Key Findings

• Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
• Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
• Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
• Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
• Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
• Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
• No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
• Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.

🔍 Key Findings

• Hybrid implants were used in older, heavier dogs with lower canal flare index (CFI) compared to cementless types.
• CFI <1.8 was associated with higher risk of femoral fracture or stem subsidence with cementless implants.
• Total complication rate was 14%, with catastrophic complications in only 1.5%—lower than reported in other studies.
• No significant difference in complication rates across implant types (BFX, BFX-C, hybrid).
• Femur fractures were rare (2.9%), lower than in prior studies, and successfully managed with cerclage/plate fixation.
• Coxofemoral luxation was the most common complication (8 cases); all occurred within 62 days post-op, mostly resolved with revision.
• Collared BFX stems did not significantly reduce complications, though they may limit stem subsidence.
• An implant selection algorithm was proposed, using age ≥7 years, weight ≥45 kg, and CFI <1.8 to guide cemented vs. cementless stem use.

🔍 Key Findings

• Short-term resolution of hypercalcemia occurred in 97.8% (44/45) of dogs.
• Long-term cure rate was 93.3%, comparable to traditional bilateral neck exploration.
• Postoperative hypocalcemia was observed in only 15.6%, which is lower than traditional approaches (36–63.8%).
• Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.4%, requiring lifelong calcitriol supplementation.
• Minimally invasive approach had median surgical times of 26 min (unilateral) and 45.5 min (bilateral).
• Most lesions were adenomas (54.8%), followed by hyperplasia (27.4%) and carcinomas (3.2%).
• Ultrasound identified 98.4% (61/62) of abnormal glands, supporting it as the preferred imaging modality.
• One death due to non-compliance with calcitriol, emphasizing importance of postoperative management.

🔍 Key Findings

Mortality rate: 36% (12/33)
Cholecystectomy performed: 94% of dogs (31/33)
New significant prognostic factors for survival:

• Hyperbilirubinemia (p = .049) — threshold = 60.5 μmol/L
• Use of vasopressors (p = .002)
• Renal dysfunction postoperatively (p = .008)
• Number of postoperative complications (p = .005)

Multivariate model: Total bilirubin and number of complications best predicted survival
Septic vs nonseptic effusion: No significant difference in survival
Diagnostic imaging: Ultrasound sensitivity for extrahepatic biliary rupture = 38%
Most cultured pathogen: E. coli (80% of septic cases)