🔍 Key Findings

• The study was a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in fifteen client-owned dogs.
• Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and fabrication were feasible within a clinically relevant timeframe, with a mean of 50.7 hours. Surgical efficiency improved with experience.
• Pin-guide placement was accurate, with median translational discrepancies of 2.7 mm (proximal) and 2.9 mm (distal), and angular discrepancies highest in the axial plane.
• The proximal guide was easier to apply (median Likert score: 8) than the distal guide (median: 6).
• The 3D-printed system enabled near-anatomic reduction in 87% of cases and acceptable reduction in the remaining 13%; no unacceptable reductions occurred.
• Postoperative alignment and tibial length were well-restored, with all dogs within 5° or 5 mm of contralateral measurements.
• Temporary circular fixation was occasionally used to assist reduction and improve alignment.
• Precontoured plates fit easily, with a median Likert score of 9; total surgical time was shorter than conventional MIPO at the institution.
• The study lacked a control group but builds on prior cadaveric feasibility work.

🔍 Key Findings

• Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
• The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
• A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
• Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
• Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
• There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
• Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
• Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Chlorhexidine-based asepsis protocols were comparable to povidone-iodine for reducing surgical site infection (SSI) rates in veterinary surgery.
• No significant difference in skin bacterial colonization was observed between the two antiseptics, at both immediate and delayed timepoints.
• Chlorhexidine-alcohol protocols showed a non-significant trend toward improved bacterial reduction in some studies, though inconsistent across all studies.
• Use of neutralizing agents was inconsistent, which may have led to overestimation of antiseptic efficacy in several studies.
• Formulations and concentrations varied widely (e.g., chlorhexidine 0.5–4%, povidone-iodine 0.7–1%), contributing to heterogeneity and limiting definitive conclusions.
• Only a minority of studies reported using CDC criteria for SSI diagnosis, affecting the reliability of infection outcomes.
• Risk of bias was high or unclear in multiple domains across all included studies, limiting overall confidence in conclusions.
• Meta-analysis confirmed no statistically significant superiority of either protocol for SSI prevention or skin bacterial reduction.

🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
• Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
• No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
• Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
• Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
• False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
• The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.

🔍 Key Findings

Mortality rate: 36% (12/33)
Cholecystectomy performed: 94% of dogs (31/33)
New significant prognostic factors for survival:

• Hyperbilirubinemia (p = .049) — threshold = 60.5 μmol/L
• Use of vasopressors (p = .002)
• Renal dysfunction postoperatively (p = .008)
• Number of postoperative complications (p = .005)

Multivariate model: Total bilirubin and number of complications best predicted survival
Septic vs nonseptic effusion: No significant difference in survival
Diagnostic imaging: Ultrasound sensitivity for extrahepatic biliary rupture = 38%
Most cultured pathogen: E. coli (80% of septic cases)

🔍 Key Findings:

• Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
• Osteotomy types (3 groups):
  1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
  2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
  3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
• Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
• Main Outcomes:
  • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
  • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
• Significant improvements with PSG in:
  • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
  • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
• Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
• No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
• Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
• Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
• Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
• Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
• No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
• One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
• Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fasting ammonia (FA) was the most specific test (100%) for confirming EHPSS closure postoperatively.
• Serum hyaluronic acid (SHA) and MEGX at 15 minutes post-lidocaine were the most sensitive tests (96.9% and 96.2%, respectively).
• SHA combined with MEGX T15, or with FA or postprandial serum bile acids (SBA), provided 100% sensitivity with good specificity (72.4–82.8%).
• SHA levels remained elevated in all dogs with persistent shunting, even when other tests were normal.
• Paired SBA had moderate sensitivity (90%) and variable specificity (89%).
• The L/MEGX test at 30 min was less useful than at 15 min for assessing closure.
• Traditional SBA testing showed reduced utility postoperatively; normal values did not rule out persistent shunting.
• Blood tests improved when combined, but imaging remains essential to definitively confirm EHPSS closure.

🔍 Key Findings

Case 1: Chest wall lift improved oxygenation (PaO₂ increased from 179.4 to 306.3 mmHg) and enabled thoracoscopic-assisted lobectomy in a cat with pleural effusion and pulmonary carcinoma.
Case 2: Chest wall lift using a Steinmann pin allowed 3-port thoracoscopic lobectomy for a bronchial foreign body; no complications observed.
Both cats: Lift increased working space and eliminated need for thoracotomy; no device-related complications.
Pretied ligating loops (PLL) were effective for hilar vessel ligation—preferred over staplers or self-locking ligatures in feline thorax.
Conclusion: Thoracic lift is a novel, minimally invasive method enhancing thoracoscopic procedures in small patients, particularly cats.