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In Evers 2023 et al., on medial meniscal tear detection, which aspect of the procedure was significantly more difficult using NA compared to SA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Needle arthroscopy (NA) had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for diagnosing medial meniscal tears in dogs with CCLR.
- NA missed 1 medial and 1 lateral meniscal tear, both nondisplaced and stable.
- Visibility of all meniscal horns was significantly lower with NA compared to standard arthroscopy (SA) (P < .005 for all horns).
- Probing the caudal horn of the lateral meniscus was significantly more difficult with NA (P = .0017), though medial horn probing was similar.
- Mean NA procedure time was 8 ± 3 minutes, significantly shorter than SA (15 ± 9 min, P = .0041).
- No increase in lameness observed after NA, indicating minimal procedural morbidity.
- NA was performed under sedation in most dogs, though 10/26 required additional chemical restraint or short anesthesia.
- NA was most accurate for displaced vertical longitudinal tears, with all 14 correctly identified; one stable tear and a lateral tear were missed.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Accuracy of needle arthroscopy for the diagnosis of medial meniscal tears in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture
2023-6-VS-evers-2
In Miyagi 2025 et al., on endoscopic laser sphincterotomy, what defined the transition between the intramural and extramural common bile duct (CBD)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
- Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
- Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
- Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
- Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
- Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
- No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
- Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Endoscopic‐assisted laser sphincterotomy of the intramural common bile duct: A cadaveric pilot study
2025-5-VS-miyagi-1
In Lee 2022 et al., on TPLO accuracy, what feature of the 3D-printed guide directly aided in more accurate jig pin placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed TPLO guides significantly reduced osteotomy inclination angle in both bone models and cadaver limbs compared to jig alone (P < .001).
- Torsional deformities were lower when the 3D-printed guide was used in bone models (P < .001), but not significantly different in cadavers.
- Angular deformities were significantly reduced in cadavers using 3D-printed guides (P < .001).
- Proximal jig pin angulation was more accurate with the guide in cadavers (P < .001); not significant in bone models.
- Medial cortex damage was substantially reduced in bone models when the 3D-printed guide was used (P < .001).
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that clinical alignment can still be achieved without the guide.
- Clinical significance of improved metrics is uncertain, but improved precision may reduce surgical complications.
- 3D guide design allowed direct placement of jig and bone plate, potentially improving workflow and safety.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Evaluation of a customized 3D‐printed saw guide for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-6-VS-lee-5
In Lu 2025 et al., on SOP constructs, what was the effect of bending tees on **craniocaudal bending stiffness**?
🔍 Key Findings
- Bending tees significantly increased mediolateral bending stiffness, but not craniocaudal stiffness, in plate-bone constructs.
- Mean mediolateral stiffness was 43.2 N/mm with tees vs. 41.1 N/mm without (p = 0.0042), though the absolute difference was small.
- No significant differences were found in craniocaudal bending stiffness between constructs with or without tees (p = 0.89).
- Plastic deformation occurred in all constructs; no screw pull-out or implant breakage was observed.
- SOP nodes may resist compressive but not tensile deformation, suggesting variable mechanical contributions depending on loading direction.
- Craniocaudal bending had greater stiffness than mediolateral due to higher area moment of inertia along the node diameter.
- Clinical relevance of added stiffness from tees remains unclear, warranting further in vivo and cyclic testing.
- This was the first study to directly test SOP constructs with/without tees over a fracture gap in multiple planes.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Comparison of Bending Stiffness between String of Pearls Plate-Bone Substitute Constructs with and without Bending Tees in a Fracture Gap Model
2025-2-VCOT-lu-1
In Duffy 2022 et al., on barbed suture oversew, how did **control jejunal segments** (no surgery) compare to oversewn FEESA constructs in terms of leakage pressure?
🔍 Key Findings
- Oversewing the transverse staple line using barbed suture showed no difference in initial (ILP) or maximum leakage pressure (MLP) compared to monofilament suture (p = .439 and .644).
- Barbed suture repairs were ~18% faster (25 seconds faster; p < .001) than monofilament suture.
- No difference was found between unidirectional and bidirectional barbed sutures in leakage resistance or repair time (p = .697).
- Mean ILP and MLP were significantly higher in control jejunal segments (6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively; p < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the crotch of the FEESA in all oversew groups (>80%), not the staple line.
- All oversewn techniques leaked at supraphysiologic pressures, indicating clinical safety against in vivo leakage.
- No leakage was observed from barbed suture holes, addressing concerns of tissue trauma due to barb design.
- The study supports barbed suture as a viable alternative to conventional monofilament suture for FEESA oversew in dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis in a canine jejunal enterectomy model
2022-5-VS-duffy-5
In Berger 2023 et al., on elbow COR estimation, which axis provided the most consistent approximation of the elbow joint COR in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
- In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
- In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
- Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
- The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
- COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
- External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
- Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
2023-1-VS-berger-3
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, what difference was found in shoulder extension in unilaterally affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- All dogs developed progressive osteoarthritis (OA) after surgical debridement of proximal humeral OC.
- Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and reduced shoulder range of motion were common, particularly in unilaterally affected dogs.
- Arthroscopically, lesions showed incomplete cartilage infilling even years after surgery, averaging only ~37% infilling.
- Synovitis was present in all joints, with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy and vascularity scores.
- CT identified OC lesions as deeper and wider than radiography, and all affected joints had more advanced OA than contralateral limbs (P = .001 radiograph, P = .005 CT).
- Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in peak vertical force or impulse, but a subtle 4.4% asymmetric load reduction on the operated limb.
- Median LOAD score was 6, indicating mild owner-perceived disability despite measurable clinical and imaging abnormalities.
- Cartilage infilling was incomplete in all cases, with no lesion exceeding 60% restoration, raising questions about the healing potential of debridement alone.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Long-term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
2023-6-VS-zann-3
In Zweig 2025 et al., on healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, which complication was observed only in non-surgically managed dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
- Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
- Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
- Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
- Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
- Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
- Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
- Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Treatment outcome and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in skeletally mature dogs: 21 cases (2016–2023)
2025-6-vcot-zweig-3
In Eskelinen 2025 et al., on Plate–Pin fixation for MPL, what was the rate of patellar luxation recurrence?
🔍 Key Findings
- Plate–Pin TTT fixation resolved MPL in 64/65 stifles with low recurrence (1.5%) and good lameness outcomes postoperatively.
- Complication rate was 21.5% (14/65 stifles), mostly minor (57%); major issues included pin migration, fracture, or capsular failure.
- Pin-related issues accounted for 8 of 20 total complications, highlighting implant refinement is needed.
- No avulsions, TT fixation failures, or luxation recurrence occurred in cases where surgical technique was followed precisely.
- Surgical deviations increased complication risk 11.3× (p < 0.05), suggesting adherence to protocol is critical.
- Single-session bilateral MPL surgery had comparable complication rate (3/20) to unilateral surgery (11/45).
- Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases, suggesting at least 3 screws may be needed for secure TT fixation.
- Authors suggest temporary pin fixation and later removal may reduce complications, though prospective studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Outcome and Complications Following Medial Patellar Luxation Corrective Surgery with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Using a Locking Plate and a Pin Fixation: 45 Unilateral and 20 Single-Session Bilateral Procedures
2025-4-VCOT-eskelinen-1
In Rigo 2026 et al., on feline pedicle screws, what was the mean deviation angle between the planned and actual screw trajectory when using 3D-printed drill guides?
🔍 Key Findings
- Pedicle screw placement in feline thoracolumbar vertebrae using patient-specific 3D-printed drill guides was highly accurate, with a mean deviation from planned trajectory of 0.61° ± 0.72.
- Overall pedicle containment rate was 93% (grade 0), with only 5.5% minor breaches (<0.5 mm) and 1.5% moderate breaches (0.5–1 mm).
- Thoracic vertebrae demonstrated perfect safety (48/48 grade 0), whereas all breaches occurred in the lumbar vertebrae (p = 0.02).
- All pedicle breaches were lateral, and no medial breaches or spinal canal violations occurred in the study.
- Accuracy did not differ between breeds (Maine Coon vs mixed-breed) or sides (left vs right), suggesting consistent guide performance across anatomical variations.
- 3D-printed drill guides allowed minimal surgical exposure, requiring access only to the dorsal lamina rather than lateral vertebral surfaces.
- Pedicle screw constructs may facilitate dorsal PMMA application, enabling easier cement placement and bilateral incorporation of screw heads.
- A clinical proof-of-concept case (T12 fracture) treated with pedicle screws and dorsal PMMA stabilization showed accurate implant placement without perioperative complications.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Feasibility and Accuracy of Pedicle Screws in the Feline Thoracolumbar Spine
2026-2-vcot-rigo-1
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