🔍 Key Findings

• Study population: 36 brachycephalic dogs (20 French bulldogs, 16 pugs).
• Objective: Compare intra- and interobserver reliability for fluoroscopic measurement of nasopharyngeal collapse using two methods:
  • Functional method
  • Anatomically adjusted method
• Key measurements: Minimum (LMin), maximum (LMax) dorsoventral height, and dynamic change ratio (ΔL).
• Outcomes:
  • Intraobserver agreement for ΔL was higher with the functional method (ICC 0.751 vs. 0.576).
  • Observer 1 (radiologist) showed excellent repeatability (>0.9 ICC).
  • Agreement for grading collapse was only moderate (κ ~0.49–0.53), worse than ΔL-based agreement.
  • ΔL ≥ 0.5 to <1 = partial collapse; ΔL = 1 = complete collapse.

🔍 Key Findings

• Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare in dogs, but can be surgically stabilized with good outcomes even in complex trauma cases.
• Lateral TPFs (Unger type 41-B1) were approached via caudolateral arthrotomy, with elevation of the lateral meniscus for visualization and use of lag screws and K-wires for fixation.
• Medial TPF (Unger type 41-B2) was addressed via medial parapatellar approach using K-wires and a figure-of-eight tension band.
• One minor complication occurred: implant yield at 2 weeks in a case with a concurrent fibular fracture, resulting in a 0.8 mm step defect.
• No major complications were recorded, and all dogs achieved clinical union with full function by 8–10 weeks.
• Long-term owner-reported outcomes (LOAD scores) were excellent (5/52), indicating minimal osteoarthritis or chronic pain.
• Concurrent fibular fractures may increase risk of implant failure and should influence implant selection (e.g., considering buttress plating).
• Arthroscopic-assisted techniques may be applicable in select cases, but open reduction was preferred due to fragment displacement or concurrent injuries.

🔍 Key Findings

• PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
• PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
• UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
• Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
• Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
• Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).

🔍 Key Findings

• Bending tees significantly increased mediolateral bending stiffness, but not craniocaudal stiffness, in plate-bone constructs.
• Mean mediolateral stiffness was 43.2 N/mm with tees vs. 41.1 N/mm without (p = 0.0042), though the absolute difference was small.
• No significant differences were found in craniocaudal bending stiffness between constructs with or without tees (p = 0.89).
• Plastic deformation occurred in all constructs; no screw pull-out or implant breakage was observed.
• SOP nodes may resist compressive but not tensile deformation, suggesting variable mechanical contributions depending on loading direction.
• Craniocaudal bending had greater stiffness than mediolateral due to higher area moment of inertia along the node diameter.
• Clinical relevance of added stiffness from tees remains unclear, warranting further in vivo and cyclic testing.
• This was the first study to directly test SOP constructs with/without tees over a fracture gap in multiple planes.

🔍 Key Findings

• Laparoscopic ovariectomy produced a milder inflammatory response than open ovariectomy, supporting the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
• Twenty-six healthy anestrus bitches were randomized equally to laparoscopic (LAP) or open (OPEN) ovariectomy in a prospective, blinded clinical trial.
• IL-6 increased rapidly after laparoscopy but returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas OPEN surgery produced a later, more prolonged elevation.
• Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) remained higher after OPEN surgery, while LAP caused only a transient postoperative increase.
• Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased only in the OPEN group by postoperative day 7, suggesting a compensatory response to greater oxidative stress.
• PON-1 decreased after surgery in both groups, remaining lower in LAP through day 7, indicating that its interpretation as an inflammatory marker remains complex.
• LAP required longer operative time (35 vs 25 minutes; p = .008) but resulted in significantly smaller total incision length (1.5 vs 2.5 cm; p < .001).
• No intraoperative or postoperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in either treatment group.

🔍 Key Findings

From Allaith et al., 2023 – Outcomes from a multiuser canine hip replacement registry

• 2375 total hip replacements were analyzed across 1852 dogs, making this the largest multiuser canine THR dataset to date.
• Most common indications for THR were hip dysplasia (51%) and osteoarthritis (34%).
• Implants used included Kyon (46%), BioMedtrix CFX (22%), Hybrid (11%), BFX (9%), and Helica (4.5%).
• Veterinary-reported complication rate was 8.5%, while owner-reported was 23%, with moderate agreement (k=0.44).
• Most common complications: Luxation, femoral fracture, and aseptic loosening.
• BioMedtrix BFX and Helica implants had a higher risk of complications when used after femoral head and neck excision (P = .031).
• Postoperative LOAD scores significantly improved vs preoperative (21 → 11; P < .0001), supporting improved mobility.
• Owner satisfaction was high, with 88% rating outcome as very good or good.

🔍 Key Findings

• Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
• Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
• Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
• Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
• Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
• Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
• Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
• CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in peak load, failure load, stiffness, or 3 mm gap formation among bone tunnel types.
• Transverse tunnel (TT) constructs had 25% higher yield load than modified tunnels (MT) (P = .027).
• Most common failure mode was suture pull-through (67%), with no significant difference between groups.
• Gap formation ≥3 mm occurred in ~90% of constructs; no significant difference in force needed for gap among groups.
• All bone tunnel techniques (TT, VT, MT) are viable options for CCT reattachment in dogs.
• The 3-loop pulley (3LP) pattern provided strong, uniform repair, with higher loads to failure than previously reported.
• TT constructs showed more tendon distortion at the repair interface during loading.
• Inclusion of accessory tendon may have improved repair strength compared to prior studies using GT alone.

🔍 Key Findings

• TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
• Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
• Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
• Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
• Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
• Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
• Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
• K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs

🔍 Key Findings

• Pre-ABHR hand preparation lowered CFUs at 120 minutes post-gloving compared to ABHR alone (P = .001)
• pH-neutral soap followed by ABHR outperformed ABHR alone despite being nonmedicated (P = .001)
• CHX and BAC prewashes showed better immediate CFU reduction post-preparation than pHN (P = .012)
• No significant difference in total log10 CFU reduction across all four groups over the full surgical period (P = .362)
• Glove perforation in the thumb was a significant contamination factor (P = .036)
• All dogs recovered without surgical site infections, though SSI incidence was not a primary outcome
• Neutralizer validation lacking, so CHX results interpreted cautiously
• Study supports a 1-minute hand wash with pH-neutral soap prior to ABHR as effective and safe