🔍 Key Findings

• COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
• In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
• In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
• Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
• The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
• COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
• External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
• Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.

🔍 Key Findings

• Two-pin fixation had significantly greater strength (639 N) than single-pin fixation (426 N) in TTAF models (p = .003).
• Stiffness was also higher with two-pin constructs (72 N/mm vs 57 N/mm); statistically significant (p = .029).
• Both fixation types withstood loads greater than quadriceps force in dogs at a walk (240 N), indicating clinical viability.
• Failure was most commonly due to pin bending or pullout (82%), with fewer cases of ligament tearing or epiphyseal fracture.
• K-wire insertion angle (KWIA) did not significantly differ between fixation types (p = .13).
• Single larger pins delivered ~68% of the strength and ~83% of the stiffness of two smaller vertically aligned pins.
• Clinical implication: Two vertically aligned pins are biomechanically superior for TTAF fixation in canine models.
• Study used mature cadavers, which may underestimate loads and stiffness compared to immature clinical cases.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Tactical harness use altered kinematics in all forelimb joints
• Elbow most affected: increased extension, internal rotation, abduction at walk and trot
• Carpus: reduced flexion, increased abduction at walk
• Shoulder: least affected, but showed reduced flexion and increased abduction during walk
• Only significant ROM increases:
  • Shoulder frontal plane (22%)
  • Elbow transverse plane (19%) at walk
• Results suggest potential functional limitations from harness use during duty

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
• Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
• Upper reference limits:
  • Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
  • Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
  • Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
• Median values (normal):
  • Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0
• Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
• No regurgitation observed in any dog
• No major adverse events with probe use
• Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Subjects: 11 animals (8 dogs, 3 cats)
• Technique: Uncovered balloon-expandable metallic biliary stents (BEMBS)
• Indications: Cholelithiasis, strictures, neoplasia, cholangiohepatitis, etc.
• Success: Patency achieved in all animals surviving to discharge
• Complications:
  • Short-term mortality: 2/11 (1 euthanized for SIRS, 1 unknown)
  • Long-term issues: cholangiohepatitis, choledocholithiasis, stent occlusion (in cats only)
• Long-term patency:
  • Dogs: median 650.5 days
  • Cats: median 446 days
• Stent removal possible even after >600 days in some cats
• Clinical outcome: Viable alternative to plastic stents or cholecystoenterostomy

🔍 Key Findings

Design: In vitro study on cadaveric femurs (n=21) with basilar femoral neck fractures stabilized using 2 vs 3 titanium cannulated screws.

Stiffness: Control > 3-screw > 2-screw (674 > 120 > 90 N/mm).

Yield Load: 3-screw (586 N) > 2-screw (303 N); both < intact femur (2692 N).

Displacement: No difference across groups.

Complication: 3-screw technique more demanding; higher risk of cortical perforation, especially with narrow femoral necks.

Failure Mode: Dislodgement of femoral head + screw shaft bending.

Conclusion: 3 screws = stronger construct than 2 screws. Clinical implications need further study.

🔍 Key Findings

• LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers with successful stapled gastrectomy and minimal technical complications.
• Stenosis at the incisura angularis occurred in 2/10 cadavers, associated with staple placement too close to the lesser curvature.
• Leak testing was negative in 8 cadavers and both live cats, indicating effective staple sealing.
• Mean stomach resection was ~28%, though less than human standards (~75–80%) for metabolic effects.
• Surgery was performed safely in two live feline subjects, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications over a 6-month follow-up.
• Technique refinements included orogastric tube placement and custom 3D-printed cannulas to improve staple line accuracy and avoid stenosis.
• Tri-Staple purple cartridges provided graduated compression suited for feline gastric tissue thickness (~2.5 mm).
• No need for staple line oversew in live cats; staple-only closure proved safe in this short-term study.

🔍 Key Findings

• Locking plates (except ALPS-5) withstood significantly more cycles before failure than nonlocking DCP constructs.
• ALPS-6.5, LCP, and FIXIN plates endured higher loads and resisted displacement better than DCP and ALPS-5.
• ALPS-5 plates showed lower bending stiffness than all other constructs (P < .05).
• DCP constructs failed due to screw loosening, seen in all specimens.
• Locking constructs failed by bone slicing, affecting 100% of specimens.
• Catastrophic implant failure (fracture or plastic deformation) occurred only in ALPS-5 group.
• Plate size and screw-plate interface both influence resistance to cyclic loading in feline ilial fracture repair.
• Locking plates are preferable for reducing screw pullout, but plate strength (e.g., cross-section) must match loading forces.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• ILP and MIP: No significant differences in leak pressure between HSA, FEESA, and SS techniques (p > .05).
• Construct Time:
  • FEESA (no oversew) fastest: 79 ± 30 s
  • HSA-SI slowest: 397 ± 70 s (p < .001)
• Tissue Thickness:
  • Jejunum thickest: 2.28 ± 0.30 mm
  • Stomach thinnest: 1.66 ± 0.28 mm
• Staple Malformation: Noted in 2 FEESA-O constructs, vertical staple line.
• Leak Locations:
  • HSA: All leaked from suture bites
  • FEESA: Leaks from vertical and horizontal staple lines
  • SS: Mostly from staple holes