Your Custom Quiz
In Carvajal 2023 et al., on serum biomarkers post-THA, what was the observed trend in CRP levels from preoperative to 6-month follow-up?
🔍 Key Findings
- C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels remained low at 3 and 6 months after uncomplicated THA in dogs.
- No significant differences were observed in CRP or SAA between preoperative, 3-month, and 6-month time points.
- Mean CRP values were 3.8 mg/L pre-op, 0.8 mg/L at 3 months, and 1.4 mg/L at 6 months.
- Mean SAA values were 13.9 mg/L pre-op, 14.1 mg/L at 3 months, and 18.4 mg/L at 6 months.
- All dogs recovered normally with no complications or persistent signs of inflammation at follow-up.
- Study establishes baseline CRP and SAA levels for dogs post-THA, useful for comparison in suspected PJI.
- These markers may help differentiate periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) if values deviate from baseline post-THA.
- NSAID therapy was discontinued by 6 months in all dogs, possibly reflecting decreased inflammation.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Serum acute-phase protein concentrations following uncomplicated total hip arthroplasty in dogs
2023-1-VS-carvajal-1
In Sullivan 2025 et al., on TTT stabilization methods, what biomechanical benefit did the TBW group demonstrate over the others?
🔍 Key Findings
- Spacer pin fixation showed no difference in failure force or stiffness compared to tension band wire (TBW) or 2-pin techniques.
- All constructs failed under loads >1000 N, exceeding estimated peak quadriceps force in dogs during walking (~240 N).
- Patellar ligament failure was the most common mode of failure across all groups (5–8 samples per group).
- Distal tibial crest fractures were seen only in 2-pin and spacer pin groups, not in TBW group, suggesting TBW may protect against crest failure.
- No failures occurred at pin tracts, possibly due to pin placement within patellar ligament footprint.
- Spacer pin technique avoids placing pins through the tuberosity, potentially reducing risks of soft tissue complications like tendinopathy or irritation.
- Use of partial osteotomy with robust distal crest may substitute for TBW without compromising initial mechanical strength.
- Further in vivo or cyclic loading studies are required, as this cadaveric study tested only acute tensile failure.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Biomechanical Comparison of Spacer Pin Fixation to Two Established Methods of Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Stabilization in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-sullivan-3
In Anderson 2024 et al., what did the electrodiagnostic testing in Case 3 confirm?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 3 dogs developed permanent fibular nerve dysfunction following TPLO
- Common findings:
- Drill hole or screw in caudal tibial cortex just distal to osteotomy
- Caudal malpositioning of TPLO plate (esp. right limb of case 3)
- Post-op signs: cranial tibial atrophy, knuckling, exaggerated gait, no hock flexion
- One case had confirmed deep/superficial fibular neuropathy via electrodiagnostics
- Recommended prevention: avoid overly caudal drill paths; careful gait assessment at follow-up is key
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Permanent Iatrogenic Fibular Nerve Injury following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
2024-3-VCOT-anderson-3
In Ritson 2025 et al., on feline hilar lobectomy sealants, what was the **main advantage** of PLL and DS clips over traditional staplers in cadaveric models?
🔍 Key Findings
- No leakage occurred using pretied ligature loops (PLL) or double-shank (DS) titanium clips up to 40 cm H₂O airway pressure.
- 1/10 stapled lobes leaked at supraphysiologic pressure (40 cm H₂O), but this was not statistically significant (p = .33).
- All techniques sealed effectively under physiologic and supraphysiologic pressures in cadaveric feline lungs.
- PLL and DS clips required less working space than staplers, making them more practical for small thoracic cavities.
- DS titanium clips offer enhanced security due to dual shanks and tissue-gripping design, reducing clip slippage.
- Leak testing was cyclic and submerged, simulating physiologic ventilation and allowing robust evaluation.
- Stapling failure occurred along the staple line, highlighting risks of air leakage due to staple misalignment or poor hilar access.
- PLL and DS clips may be cost-effective and efficient alternatives for open or minimally invasive feline lung lobectomy.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Ex vivo comparative evaluation of feline hilar lung lobectomy using linear stapler, pretied ligature loop, and double-shank titanium clips
2025-7-VS-ritson-2
In Zweig 2025 et al., on healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, what conclusion was reached regarding non-surgical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
- Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
- Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
- Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
- Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
- Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
- Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
- Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Treatment outcome and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in skeletally mature dogs: 21 cases (2016–2023)
2025-6-VCOT-zweig-5
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, what was the observed consequence when scrotal flaps were based on cranial supply only?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
- The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
- A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
- Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
- Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
- There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
- Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
- Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
2022-4-VS-ibrahim-2
In Scheuermann 2024 et al., on 3D-printed reduction guides for tibial fractures, what method was occasionally needed to improve fracture reduction intraoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- The study was a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in fifteen client-owned dogs.
- Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and fabrication were feasible within a clinically relevant timeframe, with a mean of 50.7 hours. Surgical efficiency improved with experience.
- Pin-guide placement was accurate, with median translational discrepancies of 2.7 mm (proximal) and 2.9 mm (distal), and angular discrepancies highest in the axial plane.
- The proximal guide was easier to apply (median Likert score: 8) than the distal guide (median: 6).
- The 3D-printed system enabled near-anatomic reduction in 87% of cases and acceptable reduction in the remaining 13%; no unacceptable reductions occurred.
- Postoperative alignment and tibial length were well-restored, with all dogs within 5° or 5 mm of contralateral measurements.
- Temporary circular fixation was occasionally used to assist reduction and improve alignment.
- Precontoured plates fit easily, with a median Likert score of 9; total surgical time was shorter than conventional MIPO at the institution.
- The study lacked a control group but builds on prior cadaveric feasibility work.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three‐dimensional‐printed surgical guide for canine segmental mandibular reconstruction in a cadaver model
2024-6-VS-scheuermann1-5
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, what was the main neurovascular difference noted between CLA and CMA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-2
In Sandberg 2024 et al., which elbow plane showed increased range of motion while wearing the harness at walk?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Tactical harness use altered kinematics in all forelimb joints
- Elbow most affected: increased extension, internal rotation, abduction at walk and trot
- Carpus: reduced flexion, increased abduction at walk
- Shoulder: least affected, but showed reduced flexion and increased abduction during walk
- Only significant ROM increases:
- Shoulder frontal plane (22%)
- Elbow transverse plane (19%) at walk
- Results suggest potential functional limitations from harness use during duty
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Influence of Wearing a Tactical Harness on Three-Dimensional Thoracic Limb Kinematics
2024-2-VCOT-sandberg-5
In Cola 2024 et al., on laparotomy-assisted endoscopy, which outcome was significantly improved in the LAER group compared to the enterotomy group?
🔍 Key Findings
- LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
- Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
- LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
- Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
- Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
- No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
- Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
- Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies: Evaluation of this technique and postoperative recovery in dogs and cats
2024-7-VS-cola-2
Quiz Results
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Key Findings