🔍 Key Findings

• Staphylectomy was linked to higher risk of complicated recovery than folded flap palatoplasty (OR = 59.29, p = .0002).
• Laryngeal collapse > Grade 2 was strongly associated with poor recovery (OR = 97.13, p < .0001).
• Longer general anesthesia duration increased the risk of complications (OR = 1.01 per min, p = .0051).
• Increasing age significantly raised the odds of perioperative complication (OR = 1.04 per month, p = .0113).
• History of aspiration pneumonia was only found in dogs with complications, though not in final model due to instability.
• Complicated recovery included >12 h O₂ therapy, tracheostomy, or death.
• FFP may reduce pharyngeal-laryngeal edema, possibly improving immediate outcomes.
• Bulldogs comprised 80% of population, with French Bulldogs most common (63%).

🔍 Key Findings

• Exercise-based rehabilitation showed benefits in 6 of 7 studies, including increased peak vertical force (PVF) and reduced lameness, though most had high risk of bias (RoB).
• Cold compression therapy (CCT) had 2 high-quality (Level II, low RoB) studies showing improvements in pain scores, range of motion, and swelling, supporting its clinical use.
• Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) was supported by 2 Level II studies; only one had low RoB, showing short-term benefits in patellar ligament thickness and PVF, but no long-term benefit on bone healing.
• Photobiomodulation (PBM) had mixed results across 3 Level II studies (all low RoB); only 1 showed positive impact on PVF, limiting its recommendation.
• Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) showed no significant impact on gait analysis or bone healing in a Level II, low RoB study.
• Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) improved lameness and thigh circumference in one Level III study, but had high-moderate RoB and involved experimentally-induced CCL rupture, limiting clinical relevance.
• No modality beyond exercise and CCT had consistent or strong evidence for efficacy in post-TPLO or extracapsular repair rehabilitation.
• The absence of standardized protocols, small sample sizes, and inconsistent outcome measures limited the generalizability of findings.

🔍 Key Findings

• Submucosal resection via a transanal approach was associated with a low rate (1.1%) of major complications and prolonged survival across benign and malignant rectal tumors.
• Overall recurrence rate was 21.5%, with higher recurrence in malignant tumors: 28.6% (carcinomas) and 30.4% (carcinoma in situ) vs. 13.6% (adenomas).
• Complications (P = .032) and incomplete margins (P = .023) were independently associated with increased recurrence risk.
• Recurrence was the only factor associated with increased risk of tumor-related death (P = .046).
• Repeat submucosal resection was successful in 60% of dogs with recurrence, indicating feasibility of this as a salvage approach.
• 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73%, though overall survival was significantly longer for benign tumors (P = .001).
• Preoperative diagnostics (FNA, biopsy) were often inconsistent with final histopathology – only 64.3% biopsy agreement.
• Presurgical imaging was not consistently performed, limiting accurate staging in many dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Oversewing the transverse staple line using barbed suture showed no difference in initial (ILP) or maximum leakage pressure (MLP) compared to monofilament suture (p = .439 and .644).
• Barbed suture repairs were ~18% faster (25 seconds faster; p < .001) than monofilament suture.
• No difference was found between unidirectional and bidirectional barbed sutures in leakage resistance or repair time (p = .697).
• Mean ILP and MLP were significantly higher in control jejunal segments (6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively; p < .001).
• Leakage consistently occurred at the crotch of the FEESA in all oversew groups (>80%), not the staple line.
• All oversewn techniques leaked at supraphysiologic pressures, indicating clinical safety against in vivo leakage.
• No leakage was observed from barbed suture holes, addressing concerns of tissue trauma due to barb design.
• The study supports barbed suture as a viable alternative to conventional monofilament suture for FEESA oversew in dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) among TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm stapler sizes (P = .78).
• All stapler types exceeded the physiological intraluminal pressure threshold (~25 mmHg), suggesting acceptable leak resistance.
• Mean ILPs: TA 30 V3 (181.5 mmHg), TA 60 3.5 mm (112 mmHg), TA 60 4.8 mm (77.2 mmHg).
• Leakage occurred at the staple line in 23 of 24 specimens; only one had ileal wall rupture.
• No correlation found between ILP and cadaver weight, cecal wall thickness, or cecal length.
• Cecal wall thickness averaged 4.9 mm, yet staple heights ranged only from 1.0–2.0 mm.
• One specimen in each TA 60 group leaked near or below physiologic pressures, suggesting rare outliers.
• Study supports clinical viability of all tested stapler sizes for canine typhlectomy, but highlights need for in vivo data on healing and complications.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 86 elbows assessed: 32 Guide Dogs, 11 Border Collies
• Guide Dogs showed significantly higher HU values in:
  • MCP: min (p = 0.022), mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
  • Humeral trochlea: mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
• Results imply breed-associated HU variation, not necessarily pathologic sclerosis
• Relevance: Important to avoid false positives for elbow dysplasia during CT-based breeding screens
• Good interobserver agreement for mean HU values (ICC ~0.82–0.90)

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• F + P (forceps + plate compression) achieved the most uniform, high-pressure distribution across all quadrants.
• Kern forceps alone concentrated force in craniomedial quadrant, reducing caudal compression.
• Combining Kern + F improved craniolateral compression but did not restore caudal compression.
• Plate compression alone yielded caudal bias, not uniform pressure.
• Significant inter-method variation in quadrant-specific compression confirmed via ANOVA (p < 0.001 for all quadrants).

🔍 Key Findings

• This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
• Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
• Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
• Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
• Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
• In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
• In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
• Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.

🔍 Key Findings

• 15 dogs underwent minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis (MITA); 10 partial, 5 pantarsal.
• Mean time to radiographic union: 1.8 ± 0.5 months.
• Mean time to clinical union: 3.7 ± 0.8 months.
• Complete osseous union: 46%; the rest achieved ≥50% with functional weightbearing.
• Complication rate: 26% major (mostly implant-related); no catastrophic complications or plantar necrosis.
• Functional outcomes: 6 full, 8 acceptable, 1 unacceptable (not due to MITA).
• MITA may lower soft tissue complications vs open approaches and enable faster healing.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 201 lymphadenectomies in 163 dogs.
Intraoperative techniques:

• Unassisted: 36%
• Methylene blue (MB): 24%
• Gamma probe + MB (γ-MB): 40%

Complication rate: 7.5% overall (93% uncomplicated)

• 80% were mild, 20% moderate; no severe complications
• Most common = seroma (2.5%), lymphoedema (1.5%)

Risk factors (via decision tree model):

• Surgical time > 21.5 min
• Lymph node site = mandibular or retropharyngeal

No significant difference in complication rate based on:

• Guidance technique (p = .255)
• LN palpability, number removed, or LN size

Clinical implication: Peripheral SLN excision is safe regardless of intraoperative technique; certain sites and durations carry slightly higher risk.