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In Cronin 2026 et al., on hilar ligature outcomes, what was the overall rate of intraoperative hemorrhage during lung lobectomy using hilar circumferential ligatures?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hilar circumferential ligature (HCL) techniques resulted in a low overall complication rate during total lung lobectomy in dogs and cats undergoing surgery for clinical disease.
- 80 animals (65 dogs, 15 cats) underwent removal of 94 lung lobes, with 59 lobectomies performed using a commercial pre-tied ligature loop (CPLL) and 35 using hand-tied circumferential ligatures (HTCL).
- Intraoperative hemorrhage occurred in 4.3% of lobectomies (4/94) and was not significantly associated with ligature type (CPLL vs HTCL), knot type, or number of sutures per pedicle.
- Sliding knots had a notably higher hemorrhage proportion (28.6%), suggesting potential safety concerns with this knot configuration.
- Modified Miller’s knots (n=25) and Roeder knots (n=3) performed without reported hemorrhage complications, supporting their use in hilar ligation.
- One intraoperative mortality occurred due to tumor extrusion into the bronchus, rather than failure of the ligation technique.
- One postoperative complication required revision surgery for pneumothorax 8 days after surgery, indicating a low postoperative complication incidence.
- The technique offers a cost-effective and technically straightforward alternative to stapling devices, supporting broader clinical use of hilar ligature approaches.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Perioperative outcomes of 65 dogs and 15 cats undergoing lung lobectomies with a hilar circumferential ligature
2026-2-vs-cronin-1
In Schuenemann 2025 et al., on biceps tenodesis, which complication occurred with the use of the tendon clamp?
🔍 Key Findings
- Case series of 6 shoulders in 5 working/sporting dogs. Conditions treated: 3 partial biceps ruptures, 3 luxations with fraying.
- All treated with biceps tenodesis using a bioabsorbable anchor (Weldix 2.3 mm).
- All dogs returned to function (some to high-level sports); lameness resolved within 1–5 weeks.
- No implant-related complications with anchor-only cases. One dog had seroma and later infection but recovered.
- Tendon clamp (used in 2 cases) caused irritation in one dog → resolved after removal.
- CT follow-up confirmed integrity; drill holes filled with bone.
- Median LOAD score: 12; higher in older dogs or with concurrent conditions.
- Authors suggest tenodesis offers more stability and faster return to function than tenotomy in working dogs.
- Larger, controlled studies are recommended.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Biceps tenodesis with a bioabsorbable bone anchor using BoneWelding technology: Results in six clinical cases (5 dogs)
2025-4-VS-schuenemann-3
In Mullins 2023 et al., on thoracolumbar pin placement, which of the following best explains the design advantage of 3DPGs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both free-hand probing (FHP) and 3D-printed guides (3DPG) enabled accurate spinal pin placement, with 87.5% vs 96.4% of pins graded as optimal (Grade I).
- 3DPGs had fewer intraoperative deviations (0/56 pins) compared to 6/56 with the FHP technique.
- No pins using either method fully breached the medial vertebral canal (Grade IIb) — a critical safety outcome.
- Pins placed using 3DPGs required less time overall (mean 2.6 min) than FHP (mean 4.5 min).
- FHP required specific experience and has a learning curve, whereas 3DPG use requires CAD software and 3D printing access.
- FHP had more lateral canal violations (Grade IIIa: 4/56 vs 0/56 for 3DPG), suggesting slightly less precision.
- Both techniques were safe, and all deviations were recognized and corrected intraoperatively.
- 3DPGs may offer practical advantages in clinical settings lacking surgical expertise, while FHP allows immediate intervention without 3D printing delay.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free-hand probing technique versus 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides: An ex-vivo study
2023-5-VS-mullins-5
In Chik 2024 et al., on cholangioscopy feasibility, which factor most limited advancement of the 3.8 mm disposable endoscope into the common bile duct?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open transcholecystic cholangioscopy was feasible using a 3.8 mm disposable flexible endoscope in all 8 canine cadavers.
- Visualization was consistently achieved up to the junction of the hepatic ducts, common bile duct, and cystic duct.
- Advancement past the junction was limited by the endoscope diameter (3.8 mm) and anatomical flexure.
- The 1.9 mm flexible ureteroscope could visualize the entire biliary tree, including the major duodenal papilla, in a large dog (43.8 kg).
- Endoscopic tools (e.g., 3 Fr grasping forceps) could be passed through the working channel only after removing the irrigation line.
- Standard biopsy forceps were incompatible with the disposable endoscope's 1.2 mm working channel.
- Cadaver study showed no rupture, but clinical extrapolation is limited due to lack of diseased tissue.
- Disposable endoscope setup cost (~$6,100) was significantly lower than traditional endoscopy systems (~$75,000–100,000), improving accessibility.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Feasibility of open cholangioscopy with disposable flexible endoscopes
2024-7-VS-chik-2
In Wylie 2026 et al., on CCT surgical outcomes, how did overall complication rates compare between tendon repair with immobilization and pantarsal arthrodesis?
🔍 Key Findings
- CCT surgery was performed in 80 dogs (89 limbs) across five referral centers in a retrospective cohort study evaluating surgical treatment outcomes.
- Tendon repair with tarsocrural immobilization was the most common treatment (51.7%), followed by pantarsal arthrodesis (36%) and immobilization without repair (12.3%).
- The three-loop pulley was the most frequently used tendon repair suture pattern (41.3%) among repaired tendons.
- Overall complication rates did not differ significantly between tendon repair (56.5%) and pantarsal arthrodesis (42.8%) (p = .543).
- Catastrophic complications were significantly higher after tendon repair with immobilization (26.1%) compared with pantarsal arthrodesis (0%) (p = .005).
- Temporary tarsocrural immobilization (with or without tendon repair) was associated with higher revision surgery risk than pantarsal arthrodesis.
- Median referral follow-up time was 10 weeks (range 6–256 weeks).
- Long-term owner outcomes (LOAD questionnaire) showed no difference in mildly affected dogs among surgical groups (p = .493).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Complications and outcomes following surgical management of common calcaneal tendon pathology in 80 dogs
2026-2-vs-wylie-3
In McKay 2023 et al., on patellar tendon augmentation, what suture technique was used for the primary repair in all experimental groups?
2023-8-VS-mckay-5
In Scortea 2025 et al., on sacroiliac fixation accuracy, what was a key limitation of the 3D-printed drill guide technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed drill guide technique (3D-DGT) resulted in fewer suboptimal screw placements than minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) (7.14% vs 42.85%), though not statistically significant.
- Entry point translation (EPT) in the dorsoventral direction was significantly lower with 3D-DGT compared with MIO (p = .009).
- Maximum angular screw deviation (MASD) did not differ significantly between 3D-DGT and MIO in dorsal or transverse planes.
- Ventral cortical breach was the most common error with both techniques, more frequent with MIO.
- Achievement of >60% sacral bone purchase was more consistent with 3D-DGT (92.9%) than with MIO (64.3%).
- Modified Gras grade distribution was similar between techniques, with most screws graded as secure (“a” or “b”).
- 3D-DGT required substantially longer preoperative planning time than MIO (median 34 vs 8.5 minutes).
- Both techniques demonstrated overall acceptable accuracy, emphasizing the importance of CT-based planning and assessment.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Comparative analysis of 3D-printed drill guides and minimally invasive osteosynthesis in feline sacroiliac luxation: A cadaveric study
2025-6-VCOT-scortea-5
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., on hip toggle stabilization, what percentage of joints had articular cartilage injury (ACI)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
- Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
- Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
- Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
- Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
- No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-6-vs-espinel-3-8c955
In Berthomé 2025 et al., on prophylactic fenestration in cervical IVDE, what was the overall recurrence rate reported for dogs treated with ventral slot decompression?
🔍 Key Findings
- Prophylactic fenestration (PF) significantly reduced recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (0% vs. 37.8%, p < .001).
- Surgery time was longer with PF (median 182 vs. 110 min, p = .017), but no difference in perioperative complication rates (PF 16.7%, non-PF 18.9%; p = .838).
- 25% overall recurrence rate, but all recurrences occurred in the non-PF group.
- Medical management was effective in 92.9% of recurrence cases.
- Most PF sites targeted adjacent discs; 88.9% were at adjacent levels, which are common recurrence sites.
- Neurologic outcomes were similar between PF and non-PF dogs post-surgery and at follow-up.
- Fenestration technique (blade vs. burr) not shown to affect outcome but contributed to extended surgical time.
- No major complications or deaths linked directly to PF in initial surgeries.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion in 55 dogs after surgical decompression with or without prophylactic fenestration
2025-6-VS-berthome-1
In Mullen 2023 et al., on microvascular perfusion, what was the main advantage of sidestream dark field (SDF) videomicroscopy in assessing intestinal viability?
🔍 Key Findings
- Microvascular density at the site of foreign body obstruction was significantly lower in obstructed dogs compared to healthy controls.
- PBR (perfused boundary region) was paradoxically lower in obstructed dogs, indicating that PBR may not reliably correlate with tissue viability in this context.
- No significant difference in microvascular perfusion between subjectively viable vs nonviable intestines, suggesting subjective assessment is unreliable.
- No difference in perfusion parameters between handsewn and stapled enterectomies, indicating both techniques preserve vascular health equally.
- Stapled enterectomy using green TA staples is safe and did not impair intestinal perfusion at the anastomosis site.
- SDF videomicroscopy is feasible intraoperatively and can differentiate healthy from diseased intestine in dogs.
- Surgeons' subjective evaluations led to potentially unnecessary enterectomies, as microvascular parameters did not differ.
- No cases of dehiscence or mortality, suggesting both surgical approaches are effective when applied properly.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
A quantitative evaluation of the effect of foreign body obstruction and enterectomy technique on canine small intestinal microvascular health
2023-4-VS-mullen-1
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