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In Welsh 2023 et al., on TTAF fixation methods, which failure mode was **most common** in both groups during mechanical testing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Two-pin fixation had significantly greater strength (639 N) than single-pin fixation (426 N) in TTAF models (p = .003).
- Stiffness was also higher with two-pin constructs (72 N/mm vs 57 N/mm); statistically significant (p = .029).
- Both fixation types withstood loads greater than quadriceps force in dogs at a walk (240 N), indicating clinical viability.
- Failure was most commonly due to pin bending or pullout (82%), with fewer cases of ligament tearing or epiphyseal fracture.
- K-wire insertion angle (KWIA) did not significantly differ between fixation types (p = .13).
- Single larger pins delivered ~68% of the strength and ~83% of the stiffness of two smaller vertically aligned pins.
- Clinical implication: Two vertically aligned pins are biomechanically superior for TTAF fixation in canine models.
- Study used mature cadavers, which may underestimate loads and stiffness compared to immature clinical cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Biomechanical comparison of one pin versus two pin fixation in a canine tibial tuberosity avulsion fracture model
2023-5-VS-welsh-2
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, what is a biomechanical benefit of cerclage application around the proximal femur?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-5
In Mancusi 2026 et al., on cup impactor accuracy, what was the approximate mean ALO achieved by the beginner surgeon using the standard impactor?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cup positioning accuracy for the angle of lateral opening (ALO) was significantly influenced by impactor design for beginner surgeons.
- The prototype impactor reduced ALO mean error for the beginner surgeon (1.8°) compared with the standard impactor (3.9°).
- Senior surgeons achieved similar ALO accuracy regardless of impactor type, suggesting experience mitigates instrument limitations.
- Beginner surgeons using the standard impactor tended to place cups with excessive ALO (~48.9°), deviating from the ideal 45°.
- Cup retroversion accuracy was not significantly affected by the impactor type, indicating it depends more on surgeon experience and anatomical landmark recognition.
- Typical acceptable retroversion range for Zurich THR cups is approximately 15–25°, matched to the patient’s acetabular anatomy.
- Prototype impactor design improvements included ergonomic handle, wider hammering surface, shorter aiming bar, and cup-size–specific holders, improving instrument stability and alignment.
- Improved instrument ergonomics may facilitate safer learning curves for surgeons performing canine total hip replacement.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Comparison between Two Zurich Cementless Total Hip Replacement Cup Impactor Types in the Accuracy of Cup Positioning: An In Vitro Study
2026-2-vcot-mancusi-4
In Tani 2022 et al., on FCU tendon reconstruction, what diagnostic modality helped identify FCU involvement preoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascia lata autograft reconstruction of the FCU tendon successfully treated carpal hyperextension in both dogs.
- Primary repair was not possible in one dog due to complete rupture; a fascia lata graft bridged the tendon gap.
- In the second case, elongated tendon was corrected and reinforced with fascia lata to prevent recurrence.
- Type I external skeletal fixation was used for 6 weeks to support tendon healing in both dogs.
- Postoperative gait and range of motion returned to normal, with no recurrence at 36-month follow-up.
- Ultrasonography aided diagnosis, revealing thinning and echogenic changes in the FCU tendon.
- Histologic findings showed mild, nonspecific muscle changes, suggesting injury rather than a systemic disease.
- No complications occurred, and fascia lata showed potential for biological integration and remodeling into tendon-like structure.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Reconstruction of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon with a fascia lata autograft in two dogs with carpal hyperextension
2022-8-VS-tani-3
In Wood 2024 et al., on knot security and locking throws, which knot had the poorest performance, especially without a locking throw?
🔍 Key Findings
- Adding a single locking throw significantly increased holding security for specific knots, including the surgeon's throw (p = .0001) and square throw (p = .0002).
- For the Miller's throw (p = .166) and strangle throw (p = .808), no significant improvement was observed with a locking throw.
- After locking throw addition, all five knots leaked at similar pressures (p = .5233), and these pressures exceeded physiologic arterial pressures.
- Surgeon's throw without a locking throw had the lowest leak pressure (62.5 ± 46.2 mm Hg), below physiologic arterial values.
- The square throw without locking also leaked below physiologic pressures (148.7 ± 109.4 mm Hg), though it outperformed the surgeon's throw.
- Miller’s and strangle throws performed significantly better than square or surgeon’s throws without locking, achieving leak pressures >200 mm Hg.
- All knots used 2-0 polyglyconate monofilament (Maxon); no comparisons across suture types or sizes were performed.
- Authors concluded that correct tensioning and locking throw addition are key to safe vascular ligation. Miller’s, strangle, or slip knots are preferred for challenging surgical fields.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Influence of a single locking throw on the in vitro holding security of five friction knots using two monofilament suture materials in a canine model
2024-4-VS-wood-5
In Marti 2024 et al., on surgical outcomes in feline sialoceles, what complication occurred due to surgical misidentification?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
- Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
- Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
- Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
- Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
- Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
- One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
- Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Outcomes of surgically treated sialoceles in 21 cats: A multi‐institutional retrospective study (2010–2021)
2024-7-VS-marti-3
In Beer 2026 et al., on synovial CRP biomarkers, which clinical variable showed a significant positive correlation with synovial CRP concentration in osteoarthritis cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Synovial CRP was significantly lower in osteoarthritis than both IMPA and bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.001 for both comparisons).
- Synovial CRP could not differentiate IMPA from bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.721), limiting its value as a stand-alone diagnostic test.
- Median synovial CRP concentrations were 0.2 mg/L (OA), 65.79 mg/L (IMPA), and 60.8 mg/L (infective arthritis).
- Synovial CRP is useful for distinguishing inflammatory from non-inflammatory arthropathies, but not infectious from sterile inflammatory disease.
- Synovial neutrophil count positively correlated with synovial CRP in IMPA and infective arthritis, supporting CRP as a marker of joint inflammation.
- Serum and synovial CRP showed a moderate positive correlation in IMPA cases (r=0.52), although not statistically significant.
- Higher synovial CRP was associated with increased lameness severity in osteoarthritis (r=0.91, p=0.004).
- Diagnosis of bacterial infective arthritis remains multifactorial, requiring integration of history, cytology, culture, and treatment response rather than CRP alone.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2026
Synovial Fluid C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker in Osteoarthritis, Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis and Bacterial Infective Arthritis
2026-3-vcot-beer-4
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what factor was significantly associated with increased residual flow after PDA ligation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Rupture occurred in 7.0% of dogs undergoing surgical PDA ligation (20/285).
- Overall mortality was low (0.4%), with only one death occurring post-rupture.
- Residual flow occurred in 9.4% of dogs; significantly more common in dogs with rupture.
- Residual flow odds were not increased when ligation was successfully performed despite rupture.
- No significant associations between rupture and age, weight, suture size, or dissection technique.
- Jackson-Henderson and intrapericardial techniques were helpful in managing rupture or fibrosis.
- Major complications (non-rupture) were rare (1.4%), including pulmonary artery ligation and cardiac arrest.
- Surgeon preparedness (e.g., hemostatic tools, alternate techniques) was key to successful outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Incidence and risk factors for rupture
2022-4-VS-grimes-2
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, which of the following best describes the surgical approach used for the myotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-2
In Wolfe 2025 et al., on endoscopic corpectomy feasibility, what was the most common technical complication encountered?
🔍 Key Findings
- Integrated endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy and lateral corpectomy was feasible at all targeted sites from T11–12 through L3–4.
- Target corpectomy dimensions were achieved or exceeded at every included intervertebral disc space.
- Median corpectomy dimensions were ~23% vertebral body length, ~47% body height, and ~74% vertebral canal diameter.
- Thoracic sites required a steeper learning curve, with early failures related to cannula positioning rather than drilling limitations.
- Angled positioning (30°–60° away from the surgeon) subjectively improved drill trajectory and facilitated horizontal corpectomy access.
- No rib head resection or rhizotomy was required to achieve target dimensions using the endoscopic system.
- Excellent visualization of nerve roots and spinal cord was achieved through the 23-mm endoscopic cannula.
- Incorrect intervertebral disc localization was the most common technical error, highlighting the value of intraoperative fluoroscopy.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Integrated endoscopic thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy and lateral corpectomy in cadaver dogs
2025-8-vs-wolfe-5
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