🔍 Key Findings

• Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
• Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
• Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
• Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
• Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
• Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
• No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
• Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Prevalence of contralateral CCLR in dogs ≥8 years and ≥15kg was 19.1%, notably lower than previous studies (33–50%).
• Median time to contralateral CCLR was 12.9 months.
• Older age reduced risk — 2% decrease per month of age (p=0.003).
• Golden Retrievers and Labradors had significantly lower risk (p=0.028 and p=0.007, respectively).
• No effect found from TPA, meniscal injury, or comorbidities (e.g., hip dysplasia, hypothyroidism).

🔍 Key Findings

• A minimally invasive endoscopic technique was successfully developed for excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes in dogs.
• The procedure was performed on 4 cadavers (6 limbs) and 3 clinical patients, with no major complications reported.
• Mean cadaveric time: accessory axillary node 5.1 min; axillary node 33 min. One limb had a double axillary node.
• In clinical cases, 2/3 were completed endoscopically; one required conversion to open due to node elevation difficulty.
• Surgical times in clinical cases ranged from 35 to 58 minutes, depending on node accessibility and number.
• Postoperative morbidity was minimal: no lymphedema, minor seroma or lameness resolved quickly.
• The SILS port approach enabled effective access, though precise placement was critical to visualization.
• This is the first reported veterinary endoscopic technique for axillary lymphadenectomy; potential for improved staging and reduced morbidity.

🔍 Key Findings

• Extreme brachycephalic breeds (EBBs) presented more acutely and at younger ages, most often with neurological signs compared to other breeds.
• Preoperative signs such as facial nerve paresis, vestibular syndrome, and Horner’s syndrome were significantly more common in EBBs.
• EBBs showed more severe imaging findings, including higher rates of otitis interna (46.3% vs. 8.5%) and brainstem changes (17.5% vs. 3%).
• Intraoperative complications were more frequent in EBBs (11.1% vs. 5.3%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .078).
• Perioperative complication rates did not differ significantly between EBBs and other breeds (23.5% vs. 29.3%).
• Surgical time was significantly longer in EBBs (median 115 vs. 95 minutes; p = .011).
• MRI or combined CT/MRI were more frequently used in EBBs, likely due to the higher prevalence of neurological signs.
• Despite anatomical challenges, complication rates in EBBs were comparable, supporting TECA-LBO safety in these breeds.

🔍 Key Findings

• Submucosal resection via a transanal approach was associated with a low rate (1.1%) of major complications and prolonged survival across benign and malignant rectal tumors.
• Overall recurrence rate was 21.5%, with higher recurrence in malignant tumors: 28.6% (carcinomas) and 30.4% (carcinoma in situ) vs. 13.6% (adenomas).
• Complications (P = .032) and incomplete margins (P = .023) were independently associated with increased recurrence risk.
• Recurrence was the only factor associated with increased risk of tumor-related death (P = .046).
• Repeat submucosal resection was successful in 60% of dogs with recurrence, indicating feasibility of this as a salvage approach.
• 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73%, though overall survival was significantly longer for benign tumors (P = .001).
• Preoperative diagnostics (FNA, biopsy) were often inconsistent with final histopathology – only 64.3% biopsy agreement.
• Presurgical imaging was not consistently performed, limiting accurate staging in many dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• CBLO fixation with both a headless compression screw (HCS) and tension band (TB) showed the highest yield and ultimate loads compared to other configurations
• HCSTB constructs had significantly higher yield load (1212 N) and ultimate load (1388 N) than Plate alone (788 N, 774 N), HCS alone (907 N, 927 N), or TB alone (1016 N, 1076 N)
• No difference in construct stiffness was detected among the four fixation methods tested
• All constructs ultimately failed by bone fracture—location of failure differed by construct type (e.g., through HCS hole or cranial screw hole)
• TB and HCSTB groups showed failure via progressive TB stretching and cranial osteotomy widening, while Plate and HCS failed more abruptly
• All constructs withstood forces exceeding expected quadriceps load in vivo (170–325 N), suggesting all methods can resist physiological loading, but HCSTB provides greater safety margin
• HCS alone was not significantly stronger than Plate or TB alone, questioning its standalone superiority
• Study supports using TB and HCS together for optimal construct strength, but clinical studies are needed to validate implant fatigue, healing, and failure rates

🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates based on 3D-printed femurs produced accurate femoral alignment (median deviations <3 mm or <3° in all planes).
• Both fracture reduction system (FRS) and intramedullary pin (IMP) methods achieved near-anatomic alignment in cadaveric femoral fractures.
• FRS required fewer fluoroscopic images (median 7 vs. 26, P = .001), but longer surgical time (median 43 vs. 29 min, P = .011).
• Sagittal plane alignment: FRS led to mild increased recurvatum (median 2.9°), but still within near-anatomic limits (<5°).
• Axial alignment: Both groups achieved near-anatomic torsion (<10°), though one IMP case had acceptable (not near-anatomic) alignment.
• Custom drill guides and FRS improved fluoroscopy efficiency but were cumbersome and time-consuming to use. Authors do not recommend current prototype for clinical use.
• Clinical significance: 3D printed models allow accurate precontouring, reducing intra-op plate adjustment; custom guides may reduce radiation exposure for the surgical team.

🔍 Key Findings

• LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
• Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
• LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
• Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
• Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
• No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
• Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
• Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Determine if topical 45 mg/mL amikacin in CMC gel leads to systemic absorption in dogs with wounds.

Dogs enrolled: 11 client-owned dogs, with 31 applications of the gel.

Serum findings:

• Only 5 of 153 samples were above the 2.5 µg/mL quantification limit
• All values remained <5 µg/mL, the presumed toxicity threshold
• No correlation was found between dose-related parameters (mg, mg/kg, mg/cm²) and serum amikacin levels

Peak concentrations were observed at ~2 hours post-application, declining rapidly thereafter

No nephrotoxicity observed, and most values were below detection

Conclusion: Topical amikacin gel appears safe at doses up to 24.9 mg/kg, with minimal systemic absorption

🔍 Key Findings

• Open face version was significantly greater than truncated face version by 14°–22° (p <.001).
• Open face version increased linearly with inclination and pelvic extension, while truncated face version remained largely stable.
• Truncated face version is an unreliable surrogate for open face version.
• Accurate interpretation of cup version should include both truncated face version and inclination.
• Canine 3D pelvic model and CT-based simulation used for all measurements.