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In Downey 2023 et al., on lung lobectomy for pulmonary consolidation, what was the most common perioperative complication in dogs undergoing lung lobectomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Thoracoscopic (TL) and thoracoscopic-assisted (TAL) lobectomy were performed in 12 dogs with non-neoplastic pulmonary consolidation.
- 44% (4/9) of TL cases required conversion, most often due to pleural adhesions or poor visualization — a higher rate than for neoplastic lobectomies.
- Surgical mortality was 8.3% (1/12 dogs), with death attributed to unaddressed BOAS, not surgical complications.
- All 11 surviving dogs had no recurrence of clinical signs at a median 24-month follow-up.
- Perioperative complications occurred in 58% (7/12): pneumothorax (2), hemorrhage (3), wound dehiscence (1), progressive pneumonia (1).
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was successful in 78% of TL dogs but may be harder to achieve in brachycephalic breeds.
- Most dogs had infectious pneumonia (10/12), with bacterial causes identified in 8; fungal and viral etiologies were less common.
- Hospitalization was short, with median stays of 3–4 days depending on approach and conversion status.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Evaluation of long‐term outcome after lung lobectomy for canine non‐neoplastic pulmonary consolidation via thoracoscopic or thoracoscopic‐assisted surgery in 12 dogs
2023-6-VS-downey-5
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, what was the reported mean time to clinical union?
🔍 Key Findings
- High union rate with low complications was achieved using the I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail across 243 canine long-bone fractures.
- Mean time to clinical union was 8.3 weeks, faster than many historical plate-rod or non-angle-stable nail reports.
- Major complications occurred in only 5.3% and minor complications in 9.1% of cases.
- Most fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%), demonstrating effectiveness in complex fracture patterns.
- Ancillary implants were uncommon (21%), mainly used in epi-/metaphyseal fractures or for anatomic reconstruction.
- Postoperative missed bolt rate was very low (0.94%), reflecting improved targeting accuracy.
- Open fractures carried a substantially higher risk of SSI and implant removal compared with closed fractures.
- Prebending of tibial nails was strongly recommended to follow natural recurvatum and avoid iatrogenic alignment errors.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail
2025-8-vs-perry-1
In Bayrakdarian 2026 et al., on feline skin perfusion, which intradermal closure technique produced the greatest improvement in wound-edge blood flow?
🔍 Key Findings
- A within-animal randomized controlled trial was performed in 32 adult cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy, allowing direct comparison of two intradermal skin-closure patterns in the same incision.
- Each 4-cm ventral midline incision was divided into cranial and caudal halves, randomly assigned to either a modified Allgower-Donati (mAD) intradermal pattern or a standard intradermal horizontal mattress pattern (SP).
- The modified Allgower-Donati pattern significantly increased wound-edge perfusion, whereas the standard intradermal horizontal mattress pattern decreased perfusion.
- Mean perfusion change was +59.7 ± 124.1 BPU with mAD versus −20.2 ± 119.9 BPU with SP (p < .01), demonstrating improved acute microcirculation with the mAD technique.
- Relative perfusion increased by 115.3% with mAD but decreased by 24.1% with SP, reinforcing the perfusion advantage of the modified pattern.
- The critical technical difference was suture bite orientation: mAD placed dermal bites perpendicular (90°) to the incision, while the standard pattern placed bites parallel and close to the wound edge.
- Both techniques used buried continuous intradermal closure with 4-0 poliglecaprone, maintaining the cosmetic and patient-comfort advantages of intradermal suturing.
- No incisional complications were reported within 30 days, although follow-up relied on re-presentation rather than scheduled examination, limiting detection of minor complications.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Comparison of the effect on blood flow of two intradermal suture patterns in feline skin: A within animal randomized controlled trial
2026-2-vs-bayrakdarian-1
In Scheuermann 2024 et al., on 3D-printed reduction guides for tibial fractures, what method was occasionally needed to improve fracture reduction intraoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- The study was a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in fifteen client-owned dogs.
- Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and fabrication were feasible within a clinically relevant timeframe, with a mean of 50.7 hours. Surgical efficiency improved with experience.
- Pin-guide placement was accurate, with median translational discrepancies of 2.7 mm (proximal) and 2.9 mm (distal), and angular discrepancies highest in the axial plane.
- The proximal guide was easier to apply (median Likert score: 8) than the distal guide (median: 6).
- The 3D-printed system enabled near-anatomic reduction in 87% of cases and acceptable reduction in the remaining 13%; no unacceptable reductions occurred.
- Postoperative alignment and tibial length were well-restored, with all dogs within 5° or 5 mm of contralateral measurements.
- Temporary circular fixation was occasionally used to assist reduction and improve alignment.
- Precontoured plates fit easily, with a median Likert score of 9; total surgical time was shorter than conventional MIPO at the institution.
- The study lacked a control group but builds on prior cadaveric feasibility work.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three‐dimensional‐printed surgical guide for canine segmental mandibular reconstruction in a cadaver model
2024-6-VS-scheuermann1-5
In Viljoen 2022 et al., on surgical hand prep protocols, what was concluded about using pH-neutral soap prior to ABHR?
🔍 Key Findings
- Pre-ABHR hand preparation lowered CFUs at 120 minutes post-gloving compared to ABHR alone (P = .001)
- pH-neutral soap followed by ABHR outperformed ABHR alone despite being nonmedicated (P = .001)
- CHX and BAC prewashes showed better immediate CFU reduction post-preparation than pHN (P = .012)
- No significant difference in total log10 CFU reduction across all four groups over the full surgical period (P = .362)
- Glove perforation in the thumb was a significant contamination factor (P = .036)
- All dogs recovered without surgical site infections, though SSI incidence was not a primary outcome
- Neutralizer validation lacking, so CHX results interpreted cautiously
- Study supports a 1-minute hand wash with pH-neutral soap prior to ABHR as effective and safe
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of 4 surgical hand‐preparation procedures prior to application of an alcohol-based hand rub in veterinary students
2022-3-VS-viljoen-5
In Ciammaichella 2025 et al., on lymphadenectomy complications, which lymphadenectomy site had the highest rate of postoperative complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy had the highest complication rates: intraoperative (7%) and postoperative (41%)
- Axillary lymphadenectomy showed the lowest complication rates: intraoperative (1%) and postoperative (16%)
- Enlarged or metastatic lymph nodes were significantly associated with intraoperative complications (p = .030)
- Postoperative complications were mostly minor (Grade 1) and self-limiting (seromas, edema)
- Medial retropharyngeal lymphadenectomy had intermediate complication rates: postoperative complications in 26%
- No significant predictors retained significance in multivariate analysis
- Use of methylene blue was associated with fewer complications, although not statistically significant
- Complication rates did not result in mortality, and all were manageable; MST was 374 days
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Complications of medial retropharyngeal, axillary, and ilio-sacral lymphadenectomy in 127 dogs with malignant tumors
2025-7-VS-ciammaichella-1
In Trefny 2025 et al., on plate length and stiffness, what plate–bone ratio was required before significant stiffness and strain differences became apparent?
🔍 Key Findings
- 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
- Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
- No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
- Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
- The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
- Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
- Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
- Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Effect of Plate Length on Construct Stiffness and Strain in a Synthetic Short-Fragment Fracture Gap Model Stabilized with a 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
2025-2-VCOT-trefny-5
In Kang 2022 et al., on 3D scaffold reconstruction, which material was combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) to enhance osteoconductivity?
🔍 Key Findings
- Patient-specific 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enabled successful zygomatic arch reconstruction in a dog.
- Complete surgical resection of a zygomatic parosteal osteosarcoma was achieved, with a 0.3 mm histologically clean margin.
- Post-op imaging showed progressive tissue ingrowth into the scaffold, with Hounsfield Units increasing from 20.4 to 97.8 over 10 months.
- No complications (e.g., infection, displacement) or tumor recurrence were noted at 16-month follow-up.
- Use of a patient-specific osteotomy guide improved anatomical fit and facilitated precise excision and implant placement.
- Facial symmetry and orbital stability were maintained throughout follow-up.
- The scaffold remained structurally stable despite limited bone regeneration, suggesting connective tissue filled the defect.
- Topical mitomycin C was applied intraoperatively for possible anti-neoplastic effect, but efficacy remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Zygomatic arch reconstruction with a patient-specific polycaprolactone beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold after parosteal osteosarcoma resection in a dog
2022-8-VS-kang-1
In Jones 2024 et al., on elbow OA cysts, what effect did female sex have on SBC size?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 38 Labrador Retrievers (76 elbows)
- SBCs (subchondral bone cysts):
- Not found in elbows without OA
- Increased number and size with OA severity:
- Grade 1: median 3 SBCs
- Grade 2: 9 SBCs
- Grade 3: 20 SBCs (p < .001)
- Larger SBCs in more severe OA (OR = 1.056, p = .012)
- Locations: 62% humerus, 28% ulna, 10% radius
- Sex and Age Effects:
- Older dogs had larger SBCs (p = .013)
- Female dogs had smaller SBCs (p = .002)
- SBC number unrelated to age or sex
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Evaluation of subchondral bone cysts in canine elbows with radiographic osteoarthritis secondary to elbow dysplasia
2024-2-VS-jones-5
In Brincin 2023 et al., on radiographic follow-up post-MPL surgery, which clinical sign most commonly led to a change in postoperative management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Routine follow-up radiographs after MPL surgery influenced management in only 3% of asymptomatic cases.
- Isolated radiographic abnormalities were rare (3.3%) and even less likely to alter treatment unless accompanied by clinical concerns.
- Dogs with both radiographic changes and clinical/owner concerns had 32× higher odds of a management change (OR 32.16, P < .001).
- Lameness, NSAID use, or prior unplanned visits significantly increased the odds of altered post-op plans.
- Owner-reported concerns alone led to a change in only 1.6% of cases without corroborating clinical findings.
- Radiographic follow-up was deemed unnecessary in dogs without owner concerns or abnormal physical findings.
- Hands-on clinical exam remains critical, though video-based rechecks may aid triage in uncomplicated cases.
- The study supports selective radiographic follow-up, reducing unnecessary imaging, stress, and clinician workload.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
The value of routine radiographic follow up in the postoperative management of canine medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-brincin-5
Quiz Results
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Key Findings