🔍 Key Findings

• 12.5% overall incidence of SSI after limb amputation, and 10.9% for clean procedures.
• Bipolar vessel sealing device use for muscle transection significantly increased SSI risk (OR 2.5; P = .023).
• Monopolar electrosurgery and sharp transection were not associated with increased SSI risk.
• Non-clean wound classification increased SSI odds (OR 8.2; P = .003).
• Amputation for infection (OR 5.7) or trauma (OR 4.5) significantly increased SSI risk compared to neoplasia.
• Preoperative infections at distant sites did not significantly increase SSI risk.
• Neither surgery/anesthesia duration, hypothermia, hypotension, nor skin closure method significantly affected SSI risk.
• Study supports avoiding bipolar sealing devices for muscle transection in limb amputations to reduce SSI risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
• Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
• Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
• Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
• All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
• Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
• Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• ILP and MIP: No significant differences in leak pressure between HSA, FEESA, and SS techniques (p > .05).
• Construct Time:
  • FEESA (no oversew) fastest: 79 ± 30 s
  • HSA-SI slowest: 397 ± 70 s (p < .001)
• Tissue Thickness:
  • Jejunum thickest: 2.28 ± 0.30 mm
  • Stomach thinnest: 1.66 ± 0.28 mm
• Staple Malformation: Noted in 2 FEESA-O constructs, vertical staple line.
• Leak Locations:
  • HSA: All leaked from suture bites
  • FEESA: Leaks from vertical and horizontal staple lines
  • SS: Mostly from staple holes

🔍 Key Findings

• CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
• COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
• Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
• LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
• CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
• All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
• Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
• Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).

🔍 Key Findings

• Postoperative Protein C (PC) activity increased in 78.7% of dogs, and was significantly higher in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
• Complete acute shunt occlusion resulted in higher postoperative PC activity (96.3%) and better ultimate clinical outcomes than incomplete occlusion.
• Preoperative PC was not predictive of clinical status, but postoperative PC was associated with improved outcomes.
• Standard biochemical markers (HCT, MCV, ALB, BUN) also improved postoperatively, especially in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
• Dogs requiring a second procedure had significantly lower postoperative PC (43.5%) than those not requiring further intervention (78.5%).
• Repeat procedures improved PC and BUN values, with PC increasing significantly after second intervention (to 69.8%).
• PC normalization (within reference interval) occurred in 87.5% of dogs with excellent clinical status, compared to only 12.5% in those with poor status.
• Clinical outcome classification (excellent/fair/poor) correlated with biochemical normalization and lack of need for diet/medications.

🔍 Key Findings

Sample: 201 lymphadenectomies in 163 dogs.
Intraoperative techniques:

• Unassisted: 36%
• Methylene blue (MB): 24%
• Gamma probe + MB (γ-MB): 40%

Complication rate: 7.5% overall (93% uncomplicated)

• 80% were mild, 20% moderate; no severe complications
• Most common = seroma (2.5%), lymphoedema (1.5%)

Risk factors (via decision tree model):

• Surgical time > 21.5 min
• Lymph node site = mandibular or retropharyngeal

No significant difference in complication rate based on:

• Guidance technique (p = .255)
• LN palpability, number removed, or LN size

Clinical implication: Peripheral SLN excision is safe regardless of intraoperative technique; certain sites and durations carry slightly higher risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Lower CTI values were significantly associated with higher risk of both intraoperative and postoperative femoral fractures or fissures (p <.0001).
• The mean CTI for all dogs was 0.285, whereas dogs with fissures/fractures had a mean CTI of 0.246.
• For each 0.001 increase in CTI, odds of fissure/fracture decreased by 2–3% depending on perioperative timing.
• High interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.984) and consistency between pre- and postoperative CTI measurements (ICC = 0.96).
• CTI was the only significant risk factor identified; age, breed, bodyweight, BCS, CFI, or luxoid hips were not significant.
• Prophylactic lateral plating in dogs with low CTI (mean 0.230) resulted in no postoperative fractures.
• Postoperative fractures occurred in 8% of cases, and 93% of dogs returned to full function within one year.
• CTI may be a useful radiographic screening tool, especially when advanced imaging (e.g., DEXA) is unavailable.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
• Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
• Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
• Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
• Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
• Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
• Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
• Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.

🔍 Key Findings

• 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
• 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
• 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
• Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
• Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.

🔍 Key Findings

• Submucosal resection via a transanal approach was associated with a low rate (1.1%) of major complications and prolonged survival across benign and malignant rectal tumors.
• Overall recurrence rate was 21.5%, with higher recurrence in malignant tumors: 28.6% (carcinomas) and 30.4% (carcinoma in situ) vs. 13.6% (adenomas).
• Complications (P = .032) and incomplete margins (P = .023) were independently associated with increased recurrence risk.
• Recurrence was the only factor associated with increased risk of tumor-related death (P = .046).
• Repeat submucosal resection was successful in 60% of dogs with recurrence, indicating feasibility of this as a salvage approach.
• 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates for carcinomas were 95%, 89%, and 73%, though overall survival was significantly longer for benign tumors (P = .001).
• Preoperative diagnostics (FNA, biopsy) were often inconsistent with final histopathology – only 64.3% biopsy agreement.
• Presurgical imaging was not consistently performed, limiting accurate staging in many dogs.