🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
• Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
• Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
• Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
• FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
• Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
• Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
• Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined ICTL and NIRF detected the same SLN in 80% of cases; each method alone missed sentinel lymph nodes in some dogs.
• ICLT failed in 5% of dogs, while NIRF failed in 20%; combined use resulted in only 5% failure in SLN detection.
• Metastatic lymph nodes were detected in 95% of dogs, despite most tumors being low or intermediate grade (95%).
• 27 of 41 nodes (65.8%) were histologically metastatic (HN2 or HN3), many of which would have been missed using ALN alone.
• ALN matched the SLN in only 45% of cases with ICTL and 30% with NIRF, supporting the need for SLN mapping.
• ICLT and NIRF were complementary, often identifying different SLN, with some only fluorescent or enhanced in one modality.
• Subcutaneous MCT had higher metastatic rates (7/8 dogs) than previously reported, challenging older assumptions about benign behavior.
• Removing both ALN and SLN (from both methods) improved detection of metastasis to 85–95%, reducing risk of understaging.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
• 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
• Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
• 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
• 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
• Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
• Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
• 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Subjects: 12 healthy colony cats, 68 total liver samples collected via laparoscopy
• Biopsy instruments: 3 mm vs 5 mm Storz Blakesley cup forceps
• Techniques: Twist (T), Pull (P), Twist + Pull (TP)
• Results:
  • 5 mm forceps yielded significantly more hepatic lobules (mean 12.4 vs 4.9), portal triads (29.6 vs 19.0), weight, and histologic area (p < .01)
  • T and P techniques yielded more portal triads and lobules than TP (p = .003 and p = .015)
  • TP technique resulted in greater tissue crush vs T (p = .01)
  • Good diagnostic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm samples only with TP (κ = 0.75)
  • All samples were of sufficient diagnostic quality, despite size or technique
• Clinical implication: Both 3 mm and 5 mm forceps are viable; further studies are needed to confirm diagnostic accuracy of 3 mm samples

🔍 Key Findings

139 immature dogs with humeral condylar fractures (HCF) reviewed retrospectively.
Postoperative plan changed in 17% (23/139) of cases.
Key risk factors for plan change:

• Owner concerns (OR: 7.6)
• Analgesic use at follow-up (OR: 7.9)
• Lameness (OR: 5.9)
• Abnormal clinical exam (OR: 44.8)
• Radiographic abnormalities (OR: 51.9)

No plan changes were based solely on radiographs when clinical signs were absent.
Supracondylar K-wire migration noted in 3.5% of dogs without affecting the clinical plan.
Authors conclude that routine follow-up radiographs offer limited value without concurrent clinical indicators.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ventral Compression Index (VCI) ≥0.16 (extension) or ≥0.2 (flexion) was diagnostic for AAI with 100% sensitivity and >94% specificity
• VCI had the highest diagnostic accuracy among all measured variables (AUC > 0.99)
• C1-C2 overlap ≤2.7 mm (extension) or ≤1.8 mm (flexion) also diagnostic for AAI (sensitivity 84–96%, specificity 81–90%)
• C1-C2 angle ≥176.9° (extension) or ≥187.4° (flexion) had high sensitivity and specificity (~95%)
• Basion-dens interval ≥5.9 mm (extension) or ≥3.0 mm (flexion) provided moderate diagnostic accuracy
• Cranial translation ratio (CTR) ≥0.18 classified dogs as potentially unstable (sensitivity 90%, specificity 78%)
• VCI ≥0.23 reliably differentiated AAI from potentially unstable cases (sensitivity 94%, specificity 94%)
• DALR ≤0.24 had high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity for AAI diagnosis

🔍 Key Findings

• Simulated quadriceps and gastrocnemius forces increased proportionally with axial load in all three femoral fixation models.
• Model 2 (rigid fixation) resulted in subphysiologic quadriceps forces and abnormally high gastrocnemius forces, reducing model fidelity.
• Models 1 and 3 (with hip mobility) produced more physiologic quadriceps and force ratios, especially under 30–40% bodyweight loads.
• Force ratios were significantly lower in rigid fixation (Model 2) compared to hip-mobile models (p = .007), suggesting model design affects simulated muscle coordination.
• Joint angles (stifle and hock) remained within acceptable limits, though slight flexion occurred with increasing load.
• Relative foot position differed by ~3.9 mm between models 2 and 3, with model 2 showing a more caudal position.
• Model 3 preserved benefits of hip mobility while allowing radiographic documentation, making it a preferred setup for future studies.
• The study suggests that models used in feline stifle stabilization research may underestimate physiologic forces, especially with rigid fixation designs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Oversewing the transverse staple line using barbed suture showed no difference in initial (ILP) or maximum leakage pressure (MLP) compared to monofilament suture (p = .439 and .644).
• Barbed suture repairs were ~18% faster (25 seconds faster; p < .001) than monofilament suture.
• No difference was found between unidirectional and bidirectional barbed sutures in leakage resistance or repair time (p = .697).
• Mean ILP and MLP were significantly higher in control jejunal segments (6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively; p < .001).
• Leakage consistently occurred at the crotch of the FEESA in all oversew groups (>80%), not the staple line.
• All oversewn techniques leaked at supraphysiologic pressures, indicating clinical safety against in vivo leakage.
• No leakage was observed from barbed suture holes, addressing concerns of tissue trauma due to barb design.
• The study supports barbed suture as a viable alternative to conventional monofilament suture for FEESA oversew in dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
• Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
• No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
• Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
• NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
• Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
• ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
• The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.