🔍 Key Findings

• 40 dogs with congenital EHPSS were surgically treated using intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline (TIAS) to assess full temporary occlusion.
• TIAS was successful in 38/40 dogs; the remaining 2 had additional shunting vessels not originally seen and required further identification/ligation.
• No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.
• TIAS allowed real-time confirmation of attenuation success using ultrasound-visible microbubbles.
• Median postoperative bile acids were 5 μmol/L (preprandial) and 25 μmol/L (postprandial).
• Long-term outcomes: 29/39 dogs had excellent, 10/39 had good outcomes; 3 dogs died unrelated to EHPSS.
• Technique is presented as a safe, quick, low-cost, accessible intraoperative assessment alternative to IOMP or SP.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mitral valve plasty (MVP) in dogs with MMVD significantly reduced regurgitant volume and fraction, and normalized LA:Ao ratio, indicating reversal of volume overload.
• MVP altered mitral valve geometry, with reduced annular dimensions and increased coaptation length, enhancing valve competence.
• Postoperative LA:Ao ratio dropped from 2.2 to 1.2, consistent with improved left atrial pressure and size.
• Forward stroke volume index and cardiac index increased at 3 months, reflecting improved hemodynamic function despite reduced fractional shortening.
• Three dogs (3.9%) died postoperatively, highlighting a 96.1% survival rate within 3 months.
• The repair technique involved artificial chordal replacement and annuloplasty; no cleft closure or leaflet suturing was used.
• Color Doppler echocardiography confirmed substantial reduction in mitral regurgitation postoperatively in most dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
• Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
• No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
• CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
• CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
• CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
• CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
• Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
• CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
• % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
• No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
• Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
• Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
• Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
• Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.

🔍 Key Findings

• Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization (AA-HTS) was successfully completed in all 14 feline cadaver joints.
• Femoral and acetabular tunnel creation was feasible in all cases, though femoral tunnel placement had a higher rate of deviations.
• Intraoperative complications occurred in 5/14 joints, mostly related to femoral tunnel creation and toggle lodging.
• Minor articular cartilage injury (<10% total cartilage area) occurred in 10/14 joints, but no injury to neurovascular or intrapelvic structures.
• Thirteen surgical technique deviations (8 major, 5 minor) were identified in 7 joints, all involving the femoral tunnel.
• Toggle passage through the femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, being mildly difficult in 6 joints.
• Postoperative CT and gross dissection confirmed all toggles and buttons were in correct position, without damage to major surrounding structures.
• No deviations, complications, or cartilage injuries occurred in the last 4 joints, suggesting a learning curve effect.

🔍 Key Findings:

• Sample: 24 canine cadavers, 477 total pins across 240 vertebrae.
• Technique Comparison: 3D printed guides (3DPG) vs freehand (FH).
• Acceptable Placement Rates: 3DPG = 87.5%, FH = 69.8% (p < .0001).
• Odds Ratio for FH: 0.28 (95% CI 0.16–0.47), significantly less likely to yield acceptable placement.
• Worst Accuracy Locations: T10 (OR 0.10), T11 (OR 0.35).
• Surgeon Impact: Surgeon 2 outperformed others (OR 9.61, p = .001).
• Modified Zdichavsky Classification used to score implant accuracy (Grades I–IIIb).
• Primary Benefit of 3DPG: Increased safety and precision, regardless of surgeon experience.

🔍 Key Findings

139 immature dogs with humeral condylar fractures (HCF) reviewed retrospectively.
Postoperative plan changed in 17% (23/139) of cases.
Key risk factors for plan change:

• Owner concerns (OR: 7.6)
• Analgesic use at follow-up (OR: 7.9)
• Lameness (OR: 5.9)
• Abnormal clinical exam (OR: 44.8)
• Radiographic abnormalities (OR: 51.9)

No plan changes were based solely on radiographs when clinical signs were absent.
Supracondylar K-wire migration noted in 3.5% of dogs without affecting the clinical plan.
Authors conclude that routine follow-up radiographs offer limited value without concurrent clinical indicators.

🔍 Key Findings

• Accurate femoral isometric placement was achieved in 63% of cases, significantly more with SwiveLock (78.6%) than FASTak (38.9%).
• Inaccurate placement was associated with increased internal tibial rotation at follow-up (p = .009), suggesting potential implant failure.
• Pivot shift grade improved in 90.9% of stifles postoperatively, regardless of implant positioning accuracy.
• SwiveLock implants had a faster learning curve and higher placement accuracy than FASTak.
• Higher patient weight was linked to more accurate implant placement (p = .012), likely due to easier anatomical landmark identification.
• No correlation found between implant type or positioning accuracy and final pivot shift grade at 6 weeks.
• Minor and major complications were low and not significantly different between implant types.
• A simplified 2-grade pivot shift system was proposed for clinical use (Grade 1: glide, Grade 2: clunk), aiding intraoperative decision-making.

🔍 Key Findings

• Both free-hand probing (FHP) and 3D-printed guides (3DPG) enabled accurate spinal pin placement, with 87.5% vs 96.4% of pins graded as optimal (Grade I).
• 3DPGs had fewer intraoperative deviations (0/56 pins) compared to 6/56 with the FHP technique.
• No pins using either method fully breached the medial vertebral canal (Grade IIb) — a critical safety outcome.
• Pins placed using 3DPGs required less time overall (mean 2.6 min) than FHP (mean 4.5 min).
• FHP required specific experience and has a learning curve, whereas 3DPG use requires CAD software and 3D printing access.
• FHP had more lateral canal violations (Grade IIIa: 4/56 vs 0/56 for 3DPG), suggesting slightly less precision.
• Both techniques were safe, and all deviations were recognized and corrected intraoperatively.
• 3DPGs may offer practical advantages in clinical settings lacking surgical expertise, while FHP allows immediate intervention without 3D printing delay.

🔍 Key Findings

• The survey included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents from ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS. 98.2% had performed soft tissue minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
• In the past year, surgeons reported a median caseload of 90% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced laparoscopy, and 10% thoracoscopy; for residents: 100% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced, 0% thoracoscopy.
• Laparoscopic ovariectomy and OHE were the most commonly performed MIS procedures, with most respondents proficient in basic laparoscopy, but few performing advanced laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
• Top barriers to MIS adoption were: lack of consistent caseload, lack of training, difficult learning curve, equipment limitations, and cost.
• 76.6% of surgeons and 92.9% of residents received MIS training during residency. Those trained had completed residency median 6 years ago, compared to 22 years ago for those without MIS training (p < .001). Perceived adequate training correlated with higher proficiency.
• MIS was recognized as having a steep learning curve, but patient benefits (mean score 4.0/5) were the top motivation — less pain, faster recovery, improved visualization.
• The authors conclude basic laparoscopy is widely adopted, but advanced and thoracoscopic MIS remain underutilized. Training and access are key to future growth.
• Expanded training and improved access to equipment are necessary to promote broader integration of MIS into veterinary soft-tissue surgery.