Your Custom Quiz
In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what was the most common reason for converting PCCLm to OC?
🔍 Key Findings
- PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
- Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
- PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
- Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
- Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
- PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
- Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
- Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
2023-7-VS-adair-2
In Picavet 2026 et al., on sesamoid displacement radiography, what occurred to popliteal sesamoid displacement following TPLO surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Popliteal sesamoid displacement (PSD) was identified in 14.4% of dogs with CCLD on preoperative 90° flexion radiographs, indicating it is an uncommon but notable radiographic finding.
- Dogs with PSD had significantly greater cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) preoperatively compared with dogs without PSD.
- Popliteal sesamoid reduction occurred in 100% of cases after TPLO, suggesting that proper TPLO mechanics restore normal sesamoid position.
- Postoperative CTS persisted in all dogs that had preoperative CTS (50.3%), although the magnitude of subluxation was significantly reduced after TPLO.
- Osteotomy positioning (centered vs distally centered) did not significantly influence postoperative CTS, indicating residual translation is not strongly affected by osteotomy placement.
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) showed a weak negative correlation with residual CTS, suggesting lower TPAs may slightly reduce postoperative tibial translation.
- PSD appears to be associated with more pronounced stifle instability prior to surgery, serving as a radiographic indicator of more severe CCLD biomechanics.
- Radiographic evaluation of popliteal sesamoid reduction may provide an additional objective indicator of residual cranio-caudal instability following TPLO.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Radiographic assessment of popliteal sesamoid position and cranial tibial subluxation in canine stifle joints undergoing TPLO: A retrospective study of 163 dogs
2026-2-vs-picavet-3
In Glenn 2024 et al., on client-based SSI surveillance, what percentage of SSIs required revision surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Algorithm 3 had the highest overall accuracy (95.5%) in diagnosing SSIs from client questionnaires.
- Active surveillance identified 19.4% more SSIs compared to passive surveillance alone.
- SSI rate was 8.22% across 754 surgeries; 33.9% of SSIs required revision surgery.
- Client-based responses were 37.9% more frequent than those from referring veterinarians.
- Deep/implant SSIs could be missed if not associated with visible wound healing problems.
- Two late SSIs (after 90 days) occurred, both linked to implant surgeries.
- Algorithm 1 was the most sensitive (87.1%) but less specific; useful for screening.
- Algorithm 2 had the highest specificity (97.9%); useful as a “rule-in” diagnostic method.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
2024-8-VS-glenn-4
In Kennedy 2024 et al., which neurovascular structure was penetrated in 10% of shoulders during portal placement?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 shoulders from 11 medium-to-large breed dogs evaluated
- Lateral portals used: middle arthroscopic, caudal instrument, cranial egress
- Musculotendinous lesions unavoidable, but small (18G needle); seen in deltoideus (90%), infraspinatus, teres minor, etc.
- Neurovascular safety:
- Caudal portal was closest to axillary artery/nerve branches (as close as 7 mm)
- Only 2/20 shoulders (10%) had omobrachial vein penetrated
- Cartilage injuries (IACI) occurred in 65%, primarily minor linear defects; use of guarded cannulas and distractors suggested for minimization
- Supports overall safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy with portal placement awareness
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
2024-4-VCOT-kennedy-1
In Holman 2024 et al., on shoulder arthroscopy, what proportion of the biceps tendon was visible arthroscopically with the shoulder in flexion?
🔍 Key Findings
- 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
- 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
- 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
- Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
- Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
2024-1-VCOT-holman-1
In Lhuillery 2022 et al., on GDV stabilization timing, what was noted about degree of gastric torsion between immediate and delayed groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Survival rates did not differ between immediate (90 min) and delayed (≥5 h) surgical stabilization groups at discharge or 1-month post-op (approx. 80% survival in both).
- Hyperlactatemia at 24 hours post-fluid therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital and 1-month mortality (P = .01 and P = .02).
- Persistent tachycardia during hospitalization was linked to increased 1-month mortality (P = .015).
- Partial gastrectomy was required in ~6–10% of cases, with high associated mortality.
- Preoperative stabilization protocols (trocarization, nasogastric tube) allowed safe surgical delays up to 13.7 hours without impacting survival.
- Degree of gastric torsion differed between groups; more 0° torsions in delayed cases, potentially due to decompression-induced derotation.
- No difference in post-op complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension, or AKI between groups.
- More intra-anesthetic deaths occurred in immediate surgery group, highlighting importance of adequate pre-op stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Outcomes of dogs undergoing surgery for gastric dilatation volvulus after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization
2022-5-VS-lhuillery-4
In Campbell 2026 et al., on septic peritonitis surgery, what advantage does fluorescent angiography (FA) offer over traditional methods during intestinal surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Peritoneal effusion cytology remains the most rapid and reliable diagnostic for SP; detection of intracellular bacteria is highly specific (100%) and sensitive in dogs and cats.
- Blood-effusion glucose difference >20 mg/dL has 100% sensitivity and specificity for SP in both dogs and cats, but point-of-care glucometers may falsely elevate effusion glucose.
- Preoperative stapled intestinal anastomoses have lower dehiscence rates than handsewn in dogs with SP in some studies, especially in unstable patients.
- Fluorescent angiography may outperform visual/palpatory assessment in determining intestinal viability during surgery.
- Omentalization and serosal patching offer reinforcement for intestinal repairs in SP; experimental studies show improved healing, though clinical data are limited.
- Open abdomen with VAC therapy offers comparable survival to closed methods, with potential benefits including improved peritoneal healing and drainage.
- Closed suction drains show survival rates ranging from 52–100% in dogs and cats with SP; concerns exist about nosocomial infections, but survival was not consistently affected.
- Lavage with saline is standard (200–300 mL/kg), but risks include mesothelial irritation and cytokine spread; buffered solutions like LRS or Plasmalyte may be superior.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Diagnosis and surgical management of septic peritonitis in small animals: A review
2026-1-vs-campbell-3
In Duvieusart 2025 et al., on lung lobectomy approaches, what conclusion was drawn about stapler success across techniques?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Canine cadaveric study comparing intercostal thoracotomy (ICT), median sternotomy (MS), and transdiaphragmatic with caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) for accessory lung lobectomy (ALL).
- Main Outcomes:
- Exposure Area: TDCM (193.5 cm²) > MS (106.5 cm²) > ICT (73.5 cm²) (p = .01).
- TDCM provided significantly greater exposure than MS (p = .02) and ICT (p = .02); MS > ICT (p = .04).
- Surgical Time: No significant difference (p = .06).
- Lobe Excision (% by weight/surface area): No significant difference between groups (p = .4).
- Staple Line Leak: Leak at ≤40 cmH₂O in 2/4 ICT, 0/4 MS, 0/4 TDCM (p = .09).
- Complications:
- 1/4 MS cases had iatrogenic damage to an adjacent lobe.
- Technical Insights:
- TDCM approach allowed immediate visualization of all three parts of the right pulmonary ligament.
- The TDCM approach offers improved access without requiring en bloc removal with the right caudal lobe.
- Conclusion: The TDCM approach provides improved exposure for ALL lobectomy with no increase in surgical time or complications relative to other approaches.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Comparison of three approaches for accessory lung lobectomy in the canine cadaveric model: Intercostal thoracotomy, median sternotomy, and a transdiaphragmatic approach combined with caudal median sternotomy
2025-1-VS-duvieusart-4
In İnal 2025 et al., on supracutaneous locking plates, what was the median fracture healing time observed in cats and dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Supracutaneous locking plates (SLPs) were successfully used to manage 33 diaphyseal fractures (radial–ulnar and tibial) in 30 cats and dogs.
- Median fracture healing time was 50.5 days (range: 27–88), with most patients regaining limb use within days postoperatively.
- CT-based metrics (callus area, HU, and 3D bone volume) increased significantly during healing (p < 0.05), validating CT as a quantitative tool for assessing healing.
- Complications were minimal: minor in 15/33 (e.g., screw tract discharge, edema), and major in 3/33 (e.g., implant failure, delayed union, nonunion).
- Minimally invasive osteosynthesis required longer surgery times than closed reduction (p < 0.05), but both techniques were viable.
- SLPs enabled successful bilateral fracture management without inter-plate interference due to their compact design.
- Screw orientation challenges were noted in cats, especially with cranial application to the radius due to narrow anatomy.
- Polyaxial locking screws were used safely and did not dislodge, allowing for angular insertion (≤10°) to avoid neurovascular structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Minimally Invasive Radial–Ulnar and Tibial Fracture Management with Supracutaneous Locking Plates in Dogs and Cats
2025-5-VCOT-inal-1
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, what was the **overall complication rate** reported with IM pin and rhBMP-2 use?
🔍 Key Findings
- Combined intramedullary (IM) pin and rhBMP-2 use resulted in a low complication rate (7.4%) after proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO).
- Major complications occurred in 5.3% of cases (4 infections, 1 pin breakage with ulnar tilt requiring revision).
- Minor complications occurred in 2.1% of cases (seroma, delayed union).
- No cases of non-union were observed; 98.9% of limbs achieved radiographic healing by 6 weeks.
- IM pin breakage was noted in 11.8% of limbs but did not affect healing outcomes.
- Chondrodystrophic breeds made up 64.8% of the cohort and tolerated the procedure well.
- Compared to prior studies, complication rates were substantially reduced with this technique (prior major: 13.9%; this study: 5.3%).
- The use of rhBMP-2 likely enhanced early bone healing and provided biologic support, particularly important in breeds at higher risk of complications.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
2025-6-VS-danielski-2
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