Your Custom Quiz
In Jenkins 2022 et al., on medial epicondylar fissure fracture, which of the following is true regarding MEFF identification?
🔍 Key Findings
- MEFF occurred in 11.4% (10/88 elbows) following medial-to-lateral transcondylar screw placement in dogs with HIF.
- Screw size to condylar height ratio >41% significantly increased MEFF risk (P = .004, OR 1.52).
- MEFF was not recognized intraoperatively in 60% of cases and was only seen on follow-up or retrospective imaging review.
- Screw loosening was the most common complication (11.2%), observed both with and without MEFF.
- MEFF tended to increase the risk of screw loosening (P = .06), but was not statistically significant.
- Most MEFFs did not require treatment and healed radiographically by 14–17 weeks in monitored cases.
- Shaft screws were used in all MEFF cases, but shaft vs cortical design was not significantly associated with MEFF.
- The clinical impact of MEFF was minor in most cases, although long-term significance is unknown.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Medial epicondylar fissure fracture as a complication of transcondylar screw placement for the treatment of humeral intracondylar fissure
2022-4-VS-jenkins-4
In Danielski 2022 et al., on PAUL complications, what percentage of limbs experienced major complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Major complications occurred in 25.6% of limbs treated with PAUL, including non-union, implant failure, and infection requiring revision surgery.
- Increased body weight was significantly associated with a higher risk of complications (7% increased risk per additional kg; p = .04).
- Post-operative radiographic assessment was unreliable in predicting complications; inter-observer agreement was poor (kappa ≤ 0.12).
- Expert evaluation of implant or reduction errors had low predictive value (k < 0.2) for postoperative complications.
- Common major complications included non-union (6 limbs), screw breakage, and surgical site infections.
- Implant removal was required in 11.5% of limbs, mostly due to non-union or infection.
- Being a Labrador appeared protective on univariate analysis, but not on multivariate analysis after adjusting for weight.
- Radiographs showing suboptimal plate placement or osteotomy reduction did not reliably correlate with actual complication occurrence.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs
2022-1-VS-danielski-4
In Klever 2024 et al., what factor helps visually identify a dorsoventral rather than ventrodorsal pelvic projection?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsoventral radiographs artificially increase Norberg angle values by 3.2–5.8% and should be excluded.
- Lateral pelvic tilt >2° causes asymmetric changes in Norberg angle; >3° results in significant side-specific changes.
- Cranioventral-to-caudodorsal tilt >10° results in obvious radiographic tilt, but changes Norberg angle by only ~2%.
- Tilted but subjectively acceptable images have minor impact and may still be usable for screening.
- Norberg angle readings differed consistently between left/right hips — possibly due to operator handedness.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Influence of Femoral Position and Pelvic Projection on Norberg Angle Measurements
2024-1-VCOT-klever-4
In Vannini 2026 et al., on gastrocnemius tendinopathy, how did gait analysis perform as a screening tool for TGMO?
🔍 Key Findings
- TGMO was common despite absence of overt lameness, with 18/34 dogs showing abnormal clinical examination findings.
- Ultrasonographic abnormalities were highly prevalent, with only 5/34 dogs classified as bilaterally normal and 29/34 showing mild or moderate lesions.
- Only four dogs had normal clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic findings, supporting a high prevalence of subclinical pathology.
- Pain on palpation over the fabella was considered the most clinically meaningful indicator of TGMO, whereas imaging abnormalities alone did not reliably indicate clinical disease.
- Gait analysis was sensitive but nonspecific, with asymmetry detected in 17 dogs, including some with otherwise normal findings.
- Radiographic mineralization or enthesiophytes were identified in 7/34 dogs (~20%), indicating chronic tendon pathology but not necessarily clinical symptoms.
- Moderate ultrasonographic lesions were present in 10 dogs, often associated with irregular supracondylar bone contours and occasionally pain or gait abnormalities.
- TGMO appears substantially underrecognized in agility Border Collies, supporting routine clinical and imaging assessment when hindlimb performance issues occur.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2026
Prevalence of Tendinopathy of the Gastrocnemius Muscle Origin in a Cohort of Sound Border Collies
2026-3-vcot-vannini-3
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which of the following OROMs demonstrated the **most rigorous development process** according to COSMIN criteria?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-1
In Burton 2025 et al., on antebrachial conformation, what statistical result supported intraobserver reliability of PRUDA and UCORA?
🔍 Key Findings
- PRUDA (proximal radio-ulnar divergence angle) and UCORA (ulnar center of rotation of angulation) were significantly greater in Cocker Spaniels with HIF vs those without.
- PRUDA (p < .001): Group 1 (HIF) vs Group 2 & 3.
- UCORA (p = .036): Group 1 vs Group 3.
- Other angles (MPRA, LDRA, PCRA, DCRA, torsion) showed no significant differences.
- Increased PRUDA and UCORA may lead to divergent load vectors across the humeral condyle, potentially predisposing to stress fracture (HIF).
- Measurement techniques using CT-based 3D reconstructions were reliable (intraobserver ICC > 0.84).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2025
Antebrachial conformation in Cocker Spaniels with and without humeral intracondylar fissure
2025-4-VS-burton-3
In Filho 2024 et al., what was the effect of hindlimb amputation level on contralateral limb load distribution?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 39 dogs (mostly post-trauma) with either forelimb or hindlimb amputations (high vs low)
- No significant difference in %BW distribution between high vs low forelimb amputations
- In hindlimb amputees:
- High amputations → more overload on contralateral hindlimb (p = 0.01)
- Low amputations → more even load split, slight preference for contralateral hindlimb and ipsilateral forelimb
- Values derived from pressure-sensitive walkway confirmed with statistical significance
- Useful implications for prosthesis selection and rehabilitation planning
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Gait Analysis of Amputee Dogs Using a Pressure-Sensitive Walkway
2024-4-VCOT-filho-1
In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what intervention resolved partial occlusion of the thoracic duct after MAC coupling in one cat?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-3
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on canine femoral MIPO, what was the most significant drawback observed with the use of the FRS?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
- Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
- Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
- Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
- FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
- Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
- Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
- Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D‐printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-6-VS-scheuermann-2
In Hernon 2023 et al., on flushing the CBD, what was the observed survival to discharge rate across both study groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Flushing the common bile duct (CBD) during cholecystectomy did not result in improved hepatobiliary markers compared to no flushing.
- Cholecystectomy alone significantly reduced ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, and cholesterol 3 days postoperatively (p < .05 for all).
- Survival to discharge was 90.3%, with no survival difference between flushed and non-flushed groups.
- Postoperative pancreatitis occurred in 12.9% of dogs, evenly distributed between groups, suggesting flushing did not increase risk.
- Most common complication was regurgitation (29%), not significantly different between groups.
- Free abdominal fluid had low sensitivity (29%) but moderate specificity (73%) for gallbladder rupture.
- No difference in duration of hospitalization or postoperative complications between groups.
- Gallbladder rupture rate was 12.9%, lower than previously reported in literature.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
The effect of flushing of the common bile duct on hepatobiliary markers and short‐term outcomes in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for the management of gall bladder mucocele: A randomized controlled prospective study
2023-5-VS-hernon-2
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings