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In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what was the main technical issue encountered during pinning to the MAC?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-2
In Anderson 2025 et al., on wound drain configurations, how many wounds achieved ≥95% surface area coverage?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Cadaveric model using four large-breed dogs with 10x10 cm full-thickness wounds at four locations (shoulder, thorax, flank, thigh).
- Configurations Tested: Diagonal, opposite, parallel, and perpendicular placements of wound infusion catheter and JP drain.
- Fluid Retrieval:
- No significant difference by configuration (p = .92) or location (p = .32).
- Perpendicular configuration had the highest mean retrieval (11.35 mL, 56.8% of instilled volume).
- Flank location had the lowest retrieval (7.2 mL, 35.9%).
- Surface Area Coverage:
- Parallel configuration achieved the highest SA coverage (83.4% ± 11.6%, p < .01).
- Perpendicular was lowest.
- Leakage:
- No difference in leakage between configurations (p = .74) or locations (p = .10).
- Leakage commonly occurred at drain or catheter entry points (93.8% of wounds).
- Conclusion: Parallel drain configuration optimized fluid dispersion. Infusion-retrieval systems may allow for topical therapy delivery in closed wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Application and influence of four drain configurations on fluid dispersal and retrieval in a cadaveric canine wound infusion-retrieval system model
2025-2-VS-anderson2-5
In Turner 2025 et al., on TPA changes after SH-1/2 fracture repair, what was the average decrease in tibial plateau angle between injury and first reevaluation?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
- Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
- Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
- Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
- Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
- Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
- Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
- K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Tibial Plateau Angle Changes following Repair of Salter–Harris Type 1 and 2 Fractures in Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-turner-1
In Antonakakis 2022 et al., on telovelar tumor resection, what postoperative imaging finding confirmed complete resection of the tumor?
🔍 Key Findings
- Telovelar approach enabled complete resection of a fourth ventricle choroid plexus tumor in a dog without postoperative complications.
- Postoperative MRI confirmed gross total tumor removal, and the dog remained neurologically normal 28 months post-surgery.
- The tela choroidea was used as a surgical landmark and incised to allow atraumatic access to the tumor.
- Cerebellum was spared using this technique, minimizing risk of cerebellar injury (e.g., cerebellar mutism).
- No hemorrhagic complications were noted during surgery due to dissection through avascular planes.
- Histopathology favored choroid plexus carcinoma based on mitotic index (9/10 HPFs), though definitive diagnosis remained pending.
- The case highlights the utility of telovelar over transvermian approach, given its minimally traumatic nature and improved exposure.
- Survival beyond 2 years without adjunctive therapy suggests surgical excision alone may be curative in select cases.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Use of a telovelar approach for complete resection of a choroid plexus tumor in a dog
2022-8-VS-antonakakis-2
In Farrell 2022 et al., on checklist reliability in OVH simulation, what percentage of checklist items were deemed essential by expert surgical educators?
🔍 Key Findings
- 39 of 40 checklist items for simulated OVH surgical assessment had good content validity (CVI = 0.81)
- Only 1 of 6 items from the OSATS GRS (respect for tissue) met inclusion criteria (CVI = 0.80)
- Checklist showed strong reliability (G-coefficient = 0.85) for moderate-stakes exams
- Modified OSATS GRS showed acceptable reliability (G-coefficient = 0.79)
- Two raters needed for acceptable reliability in high-stakes exams when using the checklist
- Minimal interrater bias found; variance largely due to interaction among student, rater, and item
- Digital recordings were a reliable method of evaluating surgical performance
- Study supports using checklist over OSATS GRS for assessing preclinical students on simulated models
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Evaluating validity evidence for 2 instruments developed to assess students' surgical skills in a simulated environment
2022-5-VS-farrell-4
In Power 2022 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine use, which of the following statements about surgical wound classification and complication rate is true?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
- Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
- No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
- No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
- Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
- Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
- Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
- Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Incidence and severity of short‐term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
2022-4-VS-power-5
In Glenn 2024 et al., on questionnaire specificity, which algorithm had the highest specificity for SSI detection?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Population: 754 soft tissue or orthopedic procedures in dogs and cats
- SSI Rate: 62/754 (8.2%)
- Algorithms Evaluated:
- Algorithm 1: Highest sensitivity (87.1%) → best for "rule-out"
- Algorithm 2: Highest specificity (97.9%) → best for "rule-in"
- Algorithm 3: Highest overall accuracy (95.5%)
- Active vs. Passive Surveillance:
- Active surveillance detected 12 additional SSIs (19.4%) missed by passive
- Active surveillance increased detection rate by 24%
- Timing: Most SSIs occurred within 30 days; late infections (after 90 days) were rare and implant-related
- Conclusion: Client questionnaires are a valid and scalable tool for SSI detection; active surveillance improves outcomes
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
2024-1-VS-glenn-3
In Cheon 2025 et al., on guide accuracy in DFO, which of the following was a limitation of the universal guide?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both patient-specific and universal guides yielded correction errors <2°, with no statistically significant difference in accuracy.
- Universal guide corrected aLDFA up to 24° and AA up to 20°, addressing multiplanar deformities effectively.
- Patient-specific guides allowed for preoperative simulation, providing more stable pin placement and potentially aiding less-experienced surgeons.
- Universal guide eliminated the need for CT-based customization, reducing time and cost.
- Cadaver and bone model trials showed consistent accuracy, validating both methods in vitro and ex vivo.
- No significant differences in outcome when correcting uniplanar (aLDFA) vs biplanar (aLDFA + AA) deformities.
- Universal guide's fixed size presented limitations in small dogs, potentially requiring multiple size options.
- Universal guide showed potential for standard use, offering repeatable outcomes with minimal prep despite needing precise intraoperative placement.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Comparing the Accuracy of Patient-Specific Guide and Universal Guide for Distal Femoral Osteotomy in Dogs
2025-3-VCOT-cheon-4
In Walter de Bruyn 2024 et al., what mechanical property was completely normalized across all working lengths after orthogonal plate application?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Primary 3.5-mm LCP used with short (SWL), medium (MWL), and long (LWL) working lengths
- Addition of orthogonal 2.7-mm LCP resulted in:
- Significantly higher bending stiffness for SWL, MWL, and LWL (p < 0.0001)
- Higher torsional stiffness for MWL and LWL (not for SWL)
- Significantly lower strain across all working lengths in bending (p < 0.01)
- Working length inversely related to construct stiffness and directly to plate strain
- Orthogonal plates eliminated stiffness differences across working lengths in bending
- Suggests orthogonal plates can improve implant fatigue life and allow compensation when short working lengths are unachievable
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Effect of an Orthogonal Locking Plate and Primary Plate Working Length on Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in an In vitro Fracture-Gap Model
2024-4-VCOT-walterdebruyn-4
In Carrera 2024 et al., what was the observed long-term effect on aLDFA and tibial torsion at 1-year postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
- Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
- Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
- Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
- No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
- One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
- Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Early Surgical Management of Medial Patellar Luxation in Juvenile Dogs
2024-2-VCOT-carrera-4
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings