Your Custom Quiz
In Fitzpatrick 2024 et al., on ESF for pelvic fractures in cats, what was reported regarding the need for revision surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
- All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
- No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
- Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
- ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
- No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
- No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
- Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
External skeletal fixation for the treatment of pelvic fractures in cats
2024-7-VS-fitzpatrick-5
In Wood 2024 et al., on knot security and locking throws, how did the failure mode differ between locking and non-locking constructs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Adding a single locking throw significantly increased holding security for specific knots, including the surgeon's throw (p = .0001) and square throw (p = .0002).
- For the Miller's throw (p = .166) and strangle throw (p = .808), no significant improvement was observed with a locking throw.
- After locking throw addition, all five knots leaked at similar pressures (p = .5233), and these pressures exceeded physiologic arterial pressures.
- Surgeon's throw without a locking throw had the lowest leak pressure (62.5 ± 46.2 mm Hg), below physiologic arterial values.
- The square throw without locking also leaked below physiologic pressures (148.7 ± 109.4 mm Hg), though it outperformed the surgeon's throw.
- Miller’s and strangle throws performed significantly better than square or surgeon’s throws without locking, achieving leak pressures >200 mm Hg.
- All knots used 2-0 polyglyconate monofilament (Maxon); no comparisons across suture types or sizes were performed.
- Authors concluded that correct tensioning and locking throw addition are key to safe vascular ligation. Miller’s, strangle, or slip knots are preferred for challenging surgical fields.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Influence of a single locking throw on the in vitro holding security of five friction knots using two monofilament suture materials in a canine model
2024-4-VS-wood-2
In Galliano 2022 et al., on vascular access ports, what was the reported functionality rate of ports placed in the femoral/external iliac vein (fSVAP)?
🔍 Key Findings
- SVAPs placed in axillary (aSVAP) or femoral/external iliac veins (fSVAP) during limb amputation remained functional in 92.3% and 100% of cases, respectively.
- Complication rates were lower in aSVAP (23.1%) and fSVAP (0%) compared to jSVAP (47.4%), although not statistically significant (P = .12).
- No catastrophic complications occurred with aSVAP or fSVAP; 2 deaths occurred with jSVAP due to port-related issues.
- Infection-related port removal was needed in 1 aSVAP (7.7%) and 2 jSVAPs (10.5%) — no removals were required in fSVAPs.
- Tip placement of the catheter (e.g., right atrium vs. vena cava) did not correlate with complications (P = .66).
- Shorter surgical time likely with aSVAP/fSVAP as they use the same surgical field as the limb amputation.
- Survival time median was similar across groups (jSVAP: 177 days, aSVAP: 125 days, fSVAP: 122 days).
- SVAP implantation during limb amputation offers a practical and safe alternative to separate jugular placement.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Subcutaneous vascular access port implantation in the axillary or femoral/external iliac vein at the time of full limb amputation in dogs
2022-7-VS-galliano-1
In Carwardine 2024 et al., on screw placement in HIF, what percentage of elbows with screws placed from lateral to medial developed postoperative complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- 73 elbows (52 dogs) underwent randomized medial or lateral transcondylar screw placement for HIF.
- Lateral-to-medial placement resulted in a significantly higher rate of complications (62.2%) vs medial-to-lateral (19.4%) (p = .001).
- Odds ratio for complications: 6.11 (95% CI: 2.13–17.52).
- Most common complications: seromas (n = 13), surgical site infections (n = 16).
- Implants with lower AMI/bodyweight were significantly associated with major complications (p = .037).
- Only 4 procedures (5%) required revision surgery (major type I complications), with no difference by screw direction.
- NNT = 2.3 for medial placement to prevent one complication.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Medial versus lateral transcondylar screw placement for canine humeral intracondylar fissures: A randomized clinical trial
2024-2-VS-carwardine-5
In De Moya 2025 et al., on antebrachial deformity correction, what was the mean total radial lengthening achieved after distraction osteogenesis?
🔍 Key Findings
- CESF with distraction osteogenesis restored elbow congruity and normalized aLDRA in skeletally immature dogs with PCDRP.
- Radial head subluxation was eliminated in all dogs, and elbow incongruity reduced significantly (from 6.1 mm to 0.3 mm, p <.01).
- Mean radial lengthening of 22.6 mm (∼11% of normal length) was achieved, but only 80% of recorded distraction translated to length gain.
- Major complications occurred in 2/12 dogs: one with permanent carpal contracture, one with radial fracture at wire tract.
- Minor complications (e.g., carpal pain, restricted extension, synostosis, pin tract issues) were noted in 10/12 dogs but generally resolved.
- Owner surveys (8/12 dogs) reported good to excellent long-term function, even up to 6 years post-op.
- Radial valgus deformities were moderate (mean 15°) and less severe than deformities from ulnar physeal closure.
- Surgical strategy included staged distraction, with radial or combined radius/ulna distraction guided by fluoroscopy and adjusted per case.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Treatment of antebrachial deformities secondary to premature closure of the distal radial physis using circular external skeletal fixation and distraction osteogenesis in skeletally immature dogs
2025-6-VS-demoya-4
In Aldrich 2023 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine in TPLO, which metric showed no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Liposomal bupivacaine (LB) infiltration did not reduce the need for rescue analgesia compared with placebo in dogs undergoing TPLO.
- CMPS-SF pain scores were not significantly different between LB and placebo groups at any postoperative time point.
- % body weight distribution (%BWdist) to the operated limb did not differ significantly between treatment groups across all time points.
- No correlation was found between CMPS-SF scores and %BWdist, suggesting these metrics assess different aspects of postoperative pain.
- Postoperative carprofen administration was standardized, and LB did not provide additional detectable analgesic benefit.
- Three-layer infiltration technique (joint capsule, fascia, subcutis) was used consistently across all cases.
- Adverse events were minor and comparable between LB and placebo groups.
- Post hoc analysis suggested a much larger sample size (58–436 dogs) would be needed to detect significant differences in %BWdist.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of bupivacaine liposomal suspension using static bodyweight distribution and subjective pain scoring in dogs after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy surgery
2023-5-VS-aldrich-1
In Kennedy 2024 et al., which portal had the highest rate of articular cartilage injury?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 shoulders from 11 medium-to-large breed dogs evaluated
- Lateral portals used: middle arthroscopic, caudal instrument, cranial egress
- Musculotendinous lesions unavoidable, but small (18G needle); seen in deltoideus (90%), infraspinatus, teres minor, etc.
- Neurovascular safety:
- Caudal portal was closest to axillary artery/nerve branches (as close as 7 mm)
- Only 2/20 shoulders (10%) had omobrachial vein penetrated
- Cartilage injuries (IACI) occurred in 65%, primarily minor linear defects; use of guarded cannulas and distractors suggested for minimization
- Supports overall safety of lateral shoulder arthroscopy with portal placement awareness
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Evaluation of Canine Shoulder Arthroscopy for Anatomical and Safety Considerations
2024-4-VCOT-kennedy-2
In Barnes 2024 et al., on knot strength testing, how did increasing the number of throws affect DF knot strength?
🔍 Key Findings
- Double forwarder (DF) knots had significantly higher knot holding capacity (KHC) than square (SQ) and surgeon’s (SU) knots when tied with <6 throws.
- In 3 USP polyglactin 910, DF knots with 4–5 throws were not significantly stronger than SU knots with 6–8 throws (p > .43).
- DF knots never unraveled, while SQ and SU knots with 4–5 throws showed substantial unraveling.
- KHC did not increase in DF knots when throws increased from 3 to 5.
- Knot volume and weight were significantly higher in DF knots than SQ/SU knots at the same throw count (p < .003).
- DF knots allow sliding placement, potentially useful in minimally invasive or deep cavity procedures.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Evaluation of the in vitro performance of the double forwarder knot, compared to square and surgeon's knots using large gauge suture
2024-2-VS-barnes-3
In Muroi 2024 et al., on radius plate stress effects, what clinical implication is suggested regarding implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO)?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Finite element analysis compared intact radii vs. locking plates placed 1 mm or 3 mm above the bone
- LP placement significantly reduced tensile (maximum principal) stress on cranial cortex, potentially causing implant-induced osteoporosis
- Shell element findings:
- Max principal stress significantly lower in both LP groups vs. intact (p < 0.05)
- Solid element findings:
- Equivalent stress higher and max principal stress lower in LP groups
- Implication: Tension reduction may impair bone remodeling; implant design and placement height affect stress environment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Stress Changes in the Canine Radius after Locking Plate Fixation Using Finite Element Analysis
2024-3-VCOT-muroi-5
In Johnson 2026 et al., on long-term respiratory outcomes, which measure showed no significant difference between short- and long-term postoperative assessments?
🔍 Key Findings
- Long-term respiratory outcomes after BOAS surgery remained improved vs. preoperative values, with no significant decline over time.
- Short-term and long-term Respiratory Functional Grades (RFGs) improved in 81% of dogs, with 34% improving by two grades.
- BOAS indices improved significantly in both short- and long-term follow-ups (mean decrease ~23–25%), supporting sustained benefit.
- No significant difference between short- and long-term BOAS indices (p = .623), indicating durability of surgical effects.
- Obesity impacted outcomes — dogs with increased RFG at long-term follow-up were more likely to have gained weight.
- Owner-reported outcomes poorly correlated with objective measures — some dogs classified as BOAS-affected were perceived by owners as “normal.”
- Multilevel surgery was common, with palatoplasty, tonsillectomy, sacculectomy, and ala-vestibuloplasty most frequently performed.
- Dogs undergoing revision airway surgery were excluded, possibly biasing long-term outcomes toward favorable results.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Comparison of short- and long-term objective respiratory outcomes after surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2026-1-VS-johnson-1
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Key Findings