🔍 Key Findings

• Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
• Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
• Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
• Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
• Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
• Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
• One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
• Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.

🔍 Key Findings

• A novel caudo-medial arthroscopic portal allowed visualization of previously undescribed cartilage lesions on the caudal medial humeral condyle.
• A consistent focal cartilage lesion (HA lesion) was observed in 100% of elbows with HIF (21/21), but in none of the 31 elbows without HIF.
• Lesions varied from indentations to full-thickness cartilage loss, typically elliptical and located just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
• A clunk-like sensation and dynamic engagement of the anconeal process into the lesion were observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during elbow manipulation.
• In 5/21 elbows, engagement of the anconeal process led to observable widening of the HIF line, suggesting dynamic instability.
• Findings support a novel concept of humero-anconeal incongruity as a contributor to the pathogenesis of HIF.
• Spaniel breed was not a confounder—the lesion was only present in elbows with HIF, regardless of breed.
• The study suggests potential for using arthroscopy as a screening tool for early detection of humero-anconeal incongruity and HIF risk.

🔍 Key Findings

139 immature dogs with humeral condylar fractures (HCF) reviewed retrospectively.
Postoperative plan changed in 17% (23/139) of cases.
Key risk factors for plan change:

• Owner concerns (OR: 7.6)
• Analgesic use at follow-up (OR: 7.9)
• Lameness (OR: 5.9)
• Abnormal clinical exam (OR: 44.8)
• Radiographic abnormalities (OR: 51.9)

No plan changes were based solely on radiographs when clinical signs were absent.
Supracondylar K-wire migration noted in 3.5% of dogs without affecting the clinical plan.
Authors conclude that routine follow-up radiographs offer limited value without concurrent clinical indicators.

🔍 Key Findings

• m-TTT yielded a low overall major complication rate (4.3%) and minor complication rate of 15%, consistent with or better than previous techniques.
• Patellar reluxation occurred in only 4.3% of stifles, with high-grade reluxation seen in just 0.6% of cases—lower than the 12.4–21% range reported for other techniques.
• Implant migration rate was 3.7%, lower than previously reported for smooth pin fixation (7.7–24.6%).
• Use of a tension band with single Steinmann and Kirschner wire reduced stress risers and fixation failure, supporting better stability.
• Tibial tuberosity fracture occurred in only 1.3% of cases, lower than the 1–6% seen in other reports.
• All long-term major complications (1.3%) were related to pin migration, but were easily resolved.
• Radiographic follow-up confirmed complete bone healing in all examined cases, even up to 9 years postoperatively.
• Owner satisfaction was 100%, and 95% rated quality of life as good to excellent based on CBPI surveys.

🔍 Key Findings

• Local recurrence occurred in 17.8% of dogs, and was associated with significantly decreased survival (551 vs 1722 days, p = .0038).
• Lymph node metastasis occurred in 26.7% of dogs and was significantly associated with shorter disease-free interval (194 vs not reached, p = .0012) and lower survival (551 vs 1722 days, p = .043).
• Mitotic index >7 was significantly associated with higher recurrence (80% vs 22.5%, p = .02), shorter DFI (139 vs not reached days, p < .001), and shorter survival (247 vs 1722 days, p = .05).
• Infiltrative growth pattern was associated with shorter DFI (268 vs 1864 days, p = .011), but not with survival or recurrence.
• Incomplete margins (≤1 mm) were not significantly associated with recurrence (p = .085), but did correlate with shorter DFI (p = .043).
• Chemotherapy or radiation therapy was associated with shorter DFI and survival, likely due to selection bias for more aggressive disease.
• Tumor size >3 cm was associated with decreased survival (p = .031), but not with recurrence or DFI.
• Multinucleation and necrosis were not associated with prognosis outcomes.

🔍 Key Findings

• WMg (water manometer with gauge) was the most accurate and precise pressure measurement device.
• APT (arterial pressure transducer) was less accurate than WMg but still precise; it differed significantly from the gold standard (WMr).
• CCT (Compass CT) was the least accurate and precise and differed significantly from the set pressure.
• Mean differences from set pressure were smallest for WMg (−0.020 cm H2O), moderate for APT (−0.390 cm H2O), and largest for CCT (−1.267 cm H2O).
• All devices showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 1.000) and intraobserver agreement (ICC range 0.985–0.998).
• Even though the CCT performed least well, all devices had mean errors ≤1.3 cm H2O, indicating potential clinical utility.
• WMg or WMr should be preferred in surgical settings due to superior accuracy and precision.
• Measurement precision is more critical than accuracy during PSS surgery, as a 1 mm Hg (~1.3 cm H2O) increase in portal pressure raises odds of poor outcomes by 9%.

🔍 Key Findings

• TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
• Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
• Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
• Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
• Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
• Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
• Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
• K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs

🔍 Key Findings

• 11 dogs, 13 fractures (mostly Salter-Harris type I) were repaired with FGPP using Kirschner wires.
• 10/13 fractures achieved satisfactory healing with good limb function at ~43 days median follow-up.
• Major complications occurred in 5 dogs: intra-articular pin placement, implant migration (2), implant failure with nonunion, and malunion.
• 2 dogs presenting >15 days post-injury with radiographic remodeling were poor candidates → higher risk of nonunion/malunion.
• Preoperative displacement was mostly mild (10/13 fractures); these had better outcomes than chronic or severely displaced cases.
• Median surgical time: 60 minutes (range 45–75), all performed percutaneously without conversion to open.
• Elective pin removal was performed in 5 cases; migration occurred with both short and long cut wires.
• Femoral neck resorption (“apple-coring”) was rare (2/10 healed cases) and thought to be less frequent than after ORIF due to reduced vascular disruption.

🔍 Key Findings

• Patients: 16 (11 dogs, 5 cats); 6.1% of canine and 23.8% of feline PL cases were traumatic.
• Most common luxation direction: Medial (81.3%).
• Surgery: All had capsular imbrication; 75% had fabello-patellar suture (FPS).
• Short-term results (13/16 cases):
  • 77% had no lameness by 2 months.
  • 85% had no PL recurrence.
  • 3 severe complications: capsulorrhaphy tear, FPS fabellar tear, septic arthritis.
• Long-term results (13/16 cases):
  • 85% lameness-free.
  • 77% full function; 23% acceptable.
  • 0 reluxations reported by owners.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
• Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
• No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
• Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
• Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
• All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
• No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
• The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.