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In Heald 2022 et al., on PED wound therapy, what was the total time to clinical healing in the dog case after initiation of treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
- Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
- In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
- In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
- PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
- No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
- PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Electroceutical treatment of infected chronic wounds in a dog and a cat
2022-3-VS-heald-2
In Gutbrod 2024 et al., on feline tibial stabilization, what was the mode of failure in all biomechanical tests across constructs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 2.4 mm LCP with a 1.6 mm IM pin had the highest axial stiffness and yield strength among the tested constructs.
- Axial stiffness was significantly higher in the 2.4 mm LCP + 1.6 mm IM pin group compared to 2.7 mm LCP alone (p = .013).
- No significant difference in torsional stiffness was found among groups.
- 2.4 mm LCP + 1.0 mm pin had the lowest stiffness and failure load, underperforming both other constructs.
- All constructs failed via valgus bending, consistent with clinical observations in feline tibial fractures.
- A 1.6 mm pin (~50% canal fill) resulted in superior construct performance vs. 1.0 mm (~30% fill).
- Group 2 (2.4 LCP + 1.6 mm pin) outperformed the 2.7 mm LCP alone in stiffness, despite using a smaller plate.
- Plate–rod constructs may better preserve periosteal blood supply and support minimally invasive stabilization strategies.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of 2.4 mm LCP plate rod constructs versus 2.7 mm LCP applied to the feline tibia
2024-4-VS-gutbrod-2
In Bae 2025 et al., on SI screw orientation, which screw-side combination yielded the highest rotational stability?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
- Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
- Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
- Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
- All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
- Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
- Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Effect of thread direction on rotational stability in lag-screw fixation of sacroiliac luxation: An ex vivo cadaveric study in small-breed dogs
2025-2-VS-bae-1
In Anderson 2023 et al., on French Bulldogs with humeral condylar fractures, which factor was **not significantly associated** with the presence of a contralateral HIF?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral humeral condylar fractures (LHCF) were most common, comprising 63.6% of cases.
- Transcondylar screw (TCS) + K-wire(s) fixation had a 7.62x higher risk of major complications compared to other methods (p = .009).
- All cases of TCS migration occurred in the TCS + K-wire group; none occurred with plate fixation.
- Overall complication rate was 40.9%, with 29.5% being major and requiring intervention.
- Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) were found in 58.1% of French Bulldogs with CT data.
- No significant association between age and presence of HIF, but fissure length increased with age (R = 0.47, p = .048).
- Younger, lighter dogs had higher complication and screw migration rates, possibly due to softer bone and smaller condyles.
- TCS + plate fixation had the lowest complication rate, suggesting biomechanical superiority.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Humeral condylar fractures and fissures in the French bulldog
2023-1-VS-anderson-5
In Nash 2024 et al., on esophageal pH monitoring, how did proximal GER characteristics in nonbrachycephalic dogs compare to those in brachycephalic dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
- Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
- Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
- Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
- Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
- Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
- No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
- Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Esophageal pH‐monitoring in nonbrachycephalic dogs: A reference
2024-8-VS-nash-5
In Boullenger 2025 et al., on traumatic patellar luxation, what was the total proportion of cases experiencing severe complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Patients: 16 (11 dogs, 5 cats); 6.1% of canine and 23.8% of feline PL cases were traumatic.
- Most common luxation direction: Medial (81.3%).
- Surgery: All had capsular imbrication; 75% had fabello-patellar suture (FPS).
- Short-term results (13/16 cases):
- 77% had no lameness by 2 months.
- 85% had no PL recurrence.
- 3 severe complications: capsulorrhaphy tear, FPS fabellar tear, septic arthritis.
- Long-term results (13/16 cases):
- 85% lameness-free.
- 77% full function; 23% acceptable.
- 0 reluxations reported by owners.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2025
Clinical Presentation, Surgical Treatment, and Outcome of Traumatic Patellar Luxation in 11 Dogs and 5 Cats: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study between 2011 and 2022
2025-1-VC-boullenger-4
In Alvarez 2024 et al., on TPLO compression methods, which combination provided the most uniform and high interfragmentary compression across all quadrants?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- F + P (forceps + plate compression) achieved the most uniform, high-pressure distribution across all quadrants.
- Kern forceps alone concentrated force in craniomedial quadrant, reducing caudal compression.
- Combining Kern + F improved craniolateral compression but did not restore caudal compression.
- Plate compression alone yielded caudal bias, not uniform pressure.
- Significant inter-method variation in quadrant-specific compression confirmed via ANOVA (p < 0.001 for all quadrants).
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
In Vitro Assessment of Compression Patterns Using Different Methods to Achieve Interfragmentary Compression during Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
2024-2-VCOT-alvarez-1
In Turner 2025 et al., on TPA changes after SH-1/2 fracture repair, which factor was NOT significantly associated with greater TPA reduction?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
- Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
- Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
- Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
- Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
- Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
- Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
- K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Tibial Plateau Angle Changes following Repair of Salter–Harris Type 1 and 2 Fractures in Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-turner-2
In Longo 2025 et al., on MITA, which complication category occurred in 26% of dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 15 dogs underwent minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis (MITA); 10 partial, 5 pantarsal.
- Mean time to radiographic union: 1.8 ± 0.5 months.
- Mean time to clinical union: 3.7 ± 0.8 months.
- Complete osseous union: 46%; the rest achieved ≥50% with functional weightbearing.
- Complication rate: 26% major (mostly implant-related); no catastrophic complications or plantar necrosis.
- Functional outcomes: 6 full, 8 acceptable, 1 unacceptable (not due to MITA).
- MITA may lower soft tissue complications vs open approaches and enable faster healing.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Minimally invasive tarsal arthrodesis in 15 dogs
2025-1-VS-longo-3
In Sisk 2024 et al., what conclusion did the authors draw regarding reamed versus unreamed IMN in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- IMN provides relative stability, resists bending/torsion due to central axis alignment
- Larger diameter nails = exponentially greater stiffness (∝ D⁴)
- Trade-off: Larger interlocking holes weaken fatigue strength of the nail
- Reaming increases contact/stability but has pros/cons:
- Improves outcomes in closed fractures
- May reduce endosteal blood flow in thin-walled bones (e.g., cats)
- Design advances:
- Angle-stable IMN reduce rotational slack
- Expandable nails simplify insertion but may compromise removal or compressive load resistance
- Precontoured nails match bone curvature but lack consistent clinical superiority
- Material debates continue (e.g., titanium vs. stainless steel vs. magnesium)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Biomechanical Principles of Intramedullary Nails in Veterinary and Human Medicine
2024-6-VCOT-sisk-5
Quiz Results
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Key Findings