Your Custom Quiz
In Caiazzo 2025 et al., on suture material comparison, which variable was also significantly associated with incisional dehiscence?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in non-infected incisional dehiscence rates among groups using PDS vs. Monocryl for subcutaneous and skin closure.
- Overall dehiscence rate: 9.48% (22/232 dogs).
- Postoperative antibiotic use and signs of inflammation were significantly associated with dehiscence (p = .023 and p < .001, respectively).
- Dogs not receiving postoperative antibiotics had a higher dehiscence rate (14.74%) than those that did (5.84%).
- Most dehiscence cases were superficial (85.7%), and the average length of dehiscence was 1.71 cm.
- No statistically significant impact of weight, BCS, incision length, procedure type, surgeon experience, closure direction, or barrier use on dehiscence rate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Impact of suture materials polydioxanone and poliglecaprone 25 on non-infected clean orthopedic stifle procedure incisional dehiscence rates
2025-3-VS-caiazzo-4
In Gant 2025 et al., on skin prep and SSI, which method was associated with increased SSI risk?
🔍 Key Findings
- No statistically significant difference in overall SSI rates: 9.2% (chlorhexidine) vs. 7.38% (iodophor) (p = .25).
- Significant drape lift occurred in 13.2% of cases; those with lift had 2.72× increased risk of SSI (p = .026).
- Increased body weight was a statistically significant risk factor for SSI (p = .008): each 1 kg increased SSI risk by 3%.
- Use of glutaraldehyde was associated with a 2.38× increased risk of SSI (p = .055, approaching significance).
- No difference in SSI rates based on surgeon training level or surgical classification (clean, clean-contaminated, contaminated).
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Influence of skin preparation on surgical site infection and lift of adhesive surgical drapes
2025-3-VS-gant-4
In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what is the proposed advantage of creating a TD to AV anastomosis over traditional TD ligation and cisterna chyli ablation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-5
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, which anatomic feature **must be preserved** during flap creation to optimize perfusion?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
- The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
- A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
- Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
- Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
- There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
- Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
- Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
2022-4-VS-ibrahim-3
In Griffin 2025 et al., on SLN mapping with ICG, what was the histologic diagnosis of the pulmonary mass?
🔍 Key Findings
- Case: 9-year-old Labrador with a right caudal pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
- Technique: Peritumoral injection of indocyanine green (ICG) under VATS guidance, followed by near-infrared (NIR) imaging.
- SLN identified: Right tracheobronchial lymph node fluoresced and was safely extirpated.
- Histology: Grade 1 adenocarcinoma, pneumonia, reactive node.
- Outcome: Patient deteriorated and died on postoperative day 3 due to systemic complications (not linked to surgical technique).
- Clinical relevance: First clinical application of SLN mapping for canine pulmonary neoplasia; method feasible with open or minimally invasive approaches.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Intraoperative sentinel lymph node mapping with indocyanine green via video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for primary pulmonary neoplasia in a dog
2025-1-VS-griffin-5
In Lopez Barroso 2026 et al., on sacroiliac screw accuracy, what was the primary method used to confirm optimal drill trajectory?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mean SI joint reduction was 94.25%, exceeding the 90% target considered important to reduce screw loosening
- Mean sacral width purchase was 82.52%, with all screws achieving >60%—a threshold for reducing implant loosening risk
- All 20 screws were accurately placed within the sacral body, confirmed via CT or radiographs
- A 3D-printed drill guide and table-bound system facilitated consistent screw placement via minimally invasive technique
- Craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles were well controlled (mean CCA = –1.22°, DVA = 0.71°), demonstrating accurate trajectory
- No intraoperative complications were reported; all pilot holes drilled on first attempt
- Use of fluoroscopy and orthogonal imaging enhanced surgical accuracy and reduced malposition risk
- The system permitted screw placement through a sleeve that doubled as a muscle retractor, allowing implant delivery without disruption
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Accuracy of a table‐bound reduction and drill guide system for minimally invasive sacroiliac screw placement in cats
2026-1-VS-lopezbarroso-3
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, which complication did occur postoperatively despite cerclage placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-4
In Welker 2024 et al., on thoracic duct anastomosis with MAC device, what percentage of dogs had patent anastomoses at 30 days?
🔍 Key Findings
- Anastomosis of the thoracic duct (TD) to the intercostal vein (ICV) using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) was feasible in all 6 healthy dogs
- Immediate postoperative patency was confirmed in all dogs, but only 4/6 had patent anastomoses at 30 days, with 2 failing due to ICV kinking
- Kinking of the ICV near the azygos vein insertion was the primary failure mechanism, likely from MAC malalignment
- No intraoperative or major postoperative complications occurred, though 2 dogs developed mild seromas
- Use of the MAC device simplified microsurgical anastomosis versus hand suturing, especially in the deep thoracic cavity
- Contrast lymphangiography showed faster clearance from the cisterna chyli postoperatively, suggesting effective flow redirection
- Persistent branches of the thoracic duct may impact outcomes, and should be ligated during surgery
- This technique may be a potential novel treatment for idiopathic chylothorax, improving outcomes by reducing collateral flow stimuli
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct and intercostal vein using a microvascular anastomotic coupler device: Experimental study in six dogs
2024-7-VS-welker-2
In McCarthy 2022 et al., on 3D drill guide accuracy, what was the primary finding regarding drill angle deviation in the 3D-GDT group versus FHDT?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed drill guides (3D-GDT) significantly reduced craniocaudal and dorsoventral drilling angle deviation compared to free-hand drilling technique (FHDT), with statistical significance (p < .0001 and p = .01 respectively).
- No sacral corridor breaches occurred with 3D-GDT, whereas FHDT resulted in 20% drill exit incidences (3/15 cases).
- 3D-GDT had lower deviation from optimal drill trajectory at end points in all axes: craniocaudal (1.84 ± 1.6 mm vs. 4.18 ± 2.4 mm), dorsoventral (1.11 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mm), and 3D linear (2.47 ± 1.4 mm vs. 5.35 ± 2.2 mm), all statistically significant.
- Strong correlation (r = 0.77) between CT and 3D software measurements validated method reliability.
- 3D guide trajectories showed consistent proximity to the optimal trajectory, especially at drill endpoints, indicating reduced variability in execution.
- 3D-GDT was developed using open-source software and inexpensive materials, supporting future clinical application.
- Major errors in FHDT occurred primarily at the drill endpoint, underscoring the challenge of maintaining optimal angulation during free-hand drilling.
- The sacral corridor was recharacterized as pyramidal (not quadrilateral), with implications for safer implant placement.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Accuracy of a drilling with a custom 3D printed guide or free‐hand technique in canine experimental sacroiliac luxations
2022-1-VS-mccarthy-1
In Marshall 2022 et al., on fracture healing in dogs, how did **radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds** perform regarding delayed or non-union?
🔍 Key Findings
- Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
- Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
- Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
- Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
- Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
- Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
- Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
- Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs
2022-7-VS-marshall-2
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings