Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

Simini Surgery Review Podcast

Thanks for the feedback!
‍We'll keep fine-tuning the articles vault.

Oops — didn’t go through.
‍Mind trying that again?

Flag for review Suggest findings

← Articles

Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

Simini Surgery Review Podcast

Know What Matters in the Literature - and Why

We distill peer-reviewed surgical studies into clinically relevant summaries and
exam-style questions, so you can make informed decisions with confidence.

Get Instant Access to Surgical Summaries

Free Access. No Spam. Just Smarter Surgical Learning

Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, which intraoperative factor was significantly associated with increased SSII in PCCLm dogs?

A. Bladder distension

B. Urethral flushing

C. Incision extension

D. Cystoscope use

E. Urolith count

Answer: Incision extension

Explanation: Incision extension to improve exposure in PCCLm was associated with increased risk of SSII (OR = 18.76, p = .027).

In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, which outcome was significantly reduced in dogs undergoing PCCLm compared to OC?

A. Postoperative infection rates

B. Incomplete urolith removal

C. Postoperative lower urinary tract signs

D. Anesthesia duration

E. Surgery time

Answer: Postoperative lower urinary tract signs

Explanation: PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p < .001).

In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, which statement about anesthesia and surgery times is accurate?

A. PCCLm had longer anesthesia and surgery times than OC

B. PCCLm and OC had equal anesthesia and surgery times

C. PCCLm had shorter surgery but longer anesthesia times

D. PCCLm had shorter anesthesia time but similar surgery time

E. PCCLm had longer anesthesia time but shorter surgery time

Answer: PCCLm had shorter anesthesia time but similar surgery time

Explanation: Anesthesia time was significantly shorter in PCCLm; surgery time did not differ significantly.

In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, what was the approximate percentage of dogs discharged the same day after PCCLm?

A. 5%

B. 30%

C. 55%

D. 85%

E. 100%

Answer: 85%

Explanation: 84.7% of PCCLm dogs were discharged same-day vs none in the OC group.

In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, what was the conversion rate from PCCLm to OC?

A. 0%

B. 1%

C. 4%

D. 10%

E. 15%

Answer: 4%

Explanation: 5 of 131 PCCLm cases (3.8%) were converted to OC due to urolith burden or complications.

In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what was a statistically significant long-term difference in outcomes?

A. Higher recurrence rate in OC group

B. Lower mortality in PCCLm group

C. More reoperations in PCCLm group

D. Shorter time to death in OC group

E. No difference in long-term outcomes

Answer: Shorter time to death in OC group

Explanation: OC group had significantly shorter median time to death postoperatively (17 vs. 46 months).

In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what factor was associated with an increased risk of residual uroliths postoperatively in both groups?

A. Stone diameter >15 mm

B. Concurrent infection

C. Calcium oxalate composition

D. Uroliths too numerous to count

E. Previous urinary surgery

Answer: Uroliths too numerous to count

Explanation: "Uroliths too numerous to count" was significantly associated with incomplete removal in both groups.

In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what outcome was significantly more common in the open cystotomy group postoperatively?

A. Increased surgical time

B. Faster recovery

C. Shorter anesthesia

D. Reduced lower urinary tract signs

E. Increased lower urinary tract signs

Answer: Increased lower urinary tract signs

Explanation: OC group showed significantly more postoperative LUT signs than PCCLm group (60.9% vs. 13.0%).

In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what factor increased the odds of surgical site infection/inflammation in the PCCLm group?

A. Incomplete stone removal

B. Concurrent urinary tract infection

C. Bladder wall trauma

D. Incision extension for exposure

E. Obesity

Answer: Incision extension for exposure

Explanation: Incision extension (not for other procedures) increased SSII risk (OR 18.76, p = .027).

In Adair 2023 et al., on PCCLm vs. open cystotomy, what was the most common reason for converting PCCLm to OC?

A. Intraoperative hemorrhage

B. Intra-abdominal adhesions

C. Difficulty with visualization

D. Too numerous stones to retrieve with cystoscope

E. Unexpected bladder rupture

Answer: Too numerous stones to retrieve with cystoscope

Explanation: Most PCCLm to OC conversions (4/5) were due to difficulty retrieving numerous stones.

Access the full library of surgical summaries and exam-style questions.

Get Instant Access

Educational content developed independently and supported by Simini.

The maker of Simini Protect Lavage.

Review More Key Summaries from this Veterinary Surgery Journal Issue

Espinel Rupérez

et al:

Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study

Scheuermann

et al:

Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three‐dimensional‐printed surgical guide for canine segmental mandibular reconstruction in a cadaver model

Buote

et al:

Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats

Monti

et al:

Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023–2025)

Dalton

et al:

Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report

Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019) Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

Simini Surgery Review Podcast

Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019) Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

🔍 Key Findings

Simini Surgery Review Podcast

Know What Matters in the Literature - and Why

Multiple Choice Questions on this study

Educational content developed independently and supported by Simini.

Review More Key Summaries from this Veterinary Surgery Journal Issue

Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023

Adair et al: Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
Veterinary Surgery 6, 2023