🔍 Key Findings Summary

• The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
• A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
• The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
• At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
• Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
• The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 9 dogs underwent revision of osteointegrated acetabular cups after total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Revision Indications:

• 7 luxations (5 ventral, 2 craniodorsal)
• 1 femoral stem fracture
• 1 aseptic stem loosening

Implants:

• 8 BFX cups, 1 Helica; all revised to BFX
• 7/9 required a larger cup than original

Cup removal: Required sectioning with a high-speed burr and modular osteotome; removal fragments extracted

Complications:

• 1 recurrent luxation
• 1 low-grade infection with possible metallic debris-associated osteolysis
• 2 femoral fissures managed intraoperatively

Outcomes:

• Good to excellent function in 6/6 dogs available at median 621 days
• Minimal complications with success in re-osteointegration of new cup

Clinical takeaway: Revision of stable, ingrown cups is feasible and offers an alternative to pelvic osteotomies; typically requires upsizing

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 9 dogs underwent revision of osteointegrated acetabular cups after total hip arthroplasty (THA)

Revision Indications:

• 7 luxations (5 ventral, 2 craniodorsal)
• 1 femoral stem fracture
• 1 aseptic stem loosening

Implants:

• 8 BFX cups, 1 Helica; all revised to BFX
• 7/9 required a larger cup than original

Cup removal: Required sectioning with a high-speed burr and modular osteotome; removal fragments extracted

Complications:

• 1 recurrent luxation
• 1 low-grade infection with possible metallic debris-associated osteolysis
• 2 femoral fissures managed intraoperatively

Outcomes:

• Good to excellent function in 6/6 dogs available at median 621 days
• Minimal complications with success in re-osteointegration of new cup

Clinical takeaway: Revision of stable, ingrown cups is feasible and offers an alternative to pelvic osteotomies; typically requires upsizing

🔍 Key Findings

• In an ex vivo study of 20 canine femur pairs, implantation of a novel hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) prosthesis reduced maximum load (ML) by 22% and load at collapse (LC) by 27% vs. intact controls (p ≤ 0.05).
• Displacement at maximum load (DML), displacement at collapse (DC), and stiffness (k) were not significantly different between prosthesis and control groups.
• Both groups showed similar failure patterns, with 92% failing at the femoral neck.
• All prosthetic femurs still withstood ~6.2× body weight — exceeding estimated in vivo peak loads (~1.64× BW).
• Prosthesis positioning (neutral vs valgus) had no significant effect on biomechanical outcomes.
• Implant design preserved more metaphyseal bone stock than total hip replacement, possibly explaining the smaller load reduction compared to other short-stem prostheses.
• The press-fit cobalt–chromium design with conical stem allowed full contact and stress distribution over the femoral head/neck.
• Authors conclude the device has adequate immediate biomechanical strength for clinical use, though long-term in vivo studies are needed.

🔍 Key Findings

• External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
• All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
• No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
• Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
• ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
• No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
• No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
• Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.

🔍 Key Findings

• Locked facet injuries in dogs involved unilateral dorsal displacement of the cranial articular process of the caudal vertebra, most commonly at C5/6 or C6/7.
• All affected dogs were small/toy breeds, typically following trauma (most often attacks by larger dogs).
• Neurologic severity ranged from ambulatory tetraparesis to tetraplegia, often with thoracic limb deficits more severe than pelvic limbs — suggesting a central cord syndrome-like pattern.
• CT and MRI revealed axial rotation, subluxation, and articular process displacement; MRI showed T2 hyperintensity, nerve root impingement, and soft tissue changes.
• Surgical treatment included ventral fixation with screws, pins, and PMMA, and one case required dorsal facetectomy for reduction.
• Medical management, including external coaptation or rest, also resulted in functional recovery in select cases.
• All dogs with follow-up data (8/8) had functional recovery, with nonambulatory dogs regaining ambulation in a median of 4 weeks.
• No consistent differences in outcome were observed between surgical and nonsurgical management, suggesting locked facets may be biomechanically stable.

🔍 Key Findings

• Each PLC significantly increased passive range of motion (ROM) in the sagittal and dorsal planes (p < .05).
• No significant change was observed in rotational ROM after either PLC.
• First PLC increased sagittal ROM by 2.4° (23% increase); second PLC added 1.0° (8% increase).
• Dorsal ROM increased by 2.3° after first PLC and 1.5° after second PLC.
• Second PLC did not cause greater destabilization than the first — both contributed similarly to ROM increase.
• Failure testing showed that spinal segments with two PLCs failed at 13 Nm, while native spines withstood up to 25 Nm, suggesting reduced load-bearing capacity but not clinically significant under normal conditions.
• Rotational stability was preserved, possibly due to intact facet joints and lamina, which play a larger role in rotation.
• Study supports the clinical feasibility of two consecutive PLCs, but cautions against excessive bone removal due to potential for spinal instability.

🔍 Key Findings

• Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
• Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
• Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
• Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
• Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
• Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
• Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
• Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.

🔍 Key Findings

• External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
• All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
• No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
• Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
• ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
• No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
• No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
• Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Cadaveric study using 3 miniature breed dogs (6 hemipelves) to assess spinal neuronavigation accuracy for lumbar plate fixation
• 20 screws placed using CBCT-based navigation with real-time tracking
• 85% (17/20) of screws were safely and accurately placed
• Median deviation of screw entry points from plan: 1.8 mm
• All 3 misplaced screws occurred in a single cadaver, attributed to inexperienced drill handling
• Custom 3D-printed lightweight tracking array was necessary due to small spinous processes in miniature dogs
• No iatrogenic canal perforations or vertebral damage in any specimen
• Concludes neuronavigation offers precise, safe placement of spinal implants in small dogs, with minimal anatomic disruption