🔍 Key Findings

Study focus: Outcomes of cannulated screw fixation in unicondylar humeral condylar fractures (UHCF) in dogs.
Clinical union rate: 89%
Overall complication rate: 36%

• Major complication: Most common was screw breakage

Significant risk factor for screw breakage:

• Body weight >20 kg (statistically significant)

Breed distribution:

• Spaniels, especially English Springer Spaniels, were most common

No mention of plate augmentation as standard in this cohort

🔍 Key Findings

• FGPP (fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning) resulted in successful healing in 10/13 fractures, with good limb function.
• Complications occurred in 5 of 11 cases, including intra-articular implants, malunion, implant failure/nonunion, and implant migration.
• Cases with delayed surgery (>15 days) or radiographic remodeling were more likely to experience major complications.
• Most fractures (10/13) were classified as Salter-Harris type I with mild displacement.
• Median surgical time was 60 minutes, and no conversions to open surgery were needed.
• Postoperative femoral neck resorption was minimal, suggesting possible benefits of the minimally invasive approach for preserving vascular supply.
• One intra-articular pin led to progressive joint disease and required femoral head ostectomy.
• FGPP appears best suited for acute, minimally displaced fractures in young dogs (<8 months) with planned elective explant to avoid growth disturbance.

🔍 Key Findings

• CBLO was effective for stifle stabilization in skeletally immature dogs with CrCL injuries, avoiding disruption of proximal tibial growth plates.
• Radiographic union of the osteotomy occurred in a mean of 6 weeks (range: 4–8 weeks), indicating rapid bone healing.
• Full limb function was restored in all cases by long-term follow-up (mean 23 months), including dogs with initial complications.
• Two dogs developed 19° valgus deformities due to screw interference with the proximal tibial physis; both were corrected surgically with return to function.
• One dog developed 10° recurvatum due to over-rotation of the tibial plateau, but retained full function without revision.
• CCS (countersink compression screw) caused early apophyseal closure in older dogs but had no adverse clinical effects.
• In contrast, K-wire or plate-only fixation preserved open apophysis, suggesting implant choice may influence growth.
• No meniscal injuries were observed, and all CrCL injuries were managed arthroscopically — 6 complete, 6 partial, 4 avulsions.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Retrospective study of 33 fractures in 31 cats with Salter–Harris I or II distal femoral fractures
• Used 1 intramedullary Steinmann pin + 1 laterally placed antirotational pin
• 96.9% achieved full functional outcome at mid-term follow-up
• No implant migration or removal required
• Minor complications: 2 seromas; Major: 3 (patellar luxation [2], osteomyelitis [1])
• Growth plate remained open in 27.3% of cases at 6–8 weeks post-op

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
• Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
• Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
• Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
• No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
• One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
• Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
• Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
• Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
• Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
• No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
• One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
• Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified subdural shunt (SDS) placement was adapted from prior techniques using a hemilaminectomy approach and no suturing of the dura or shunt.
• Dogs receiving SDS had significantly better long-term outcomes (85.7% improved) compared to those with durotomy alone (41.7%).
• Recurrence rate was lower in the SDS group (14.3%) than control (41.7%), though not statistically significant.
• Most recurrences occurred in Pugs (5/7), suggesting a breed predisposition.
• Shunt size was limited to 25% of spinal cord diameter, typically 3–3.5 Fr.
• CSF flow through the shunt was confirmed intraoperatively, supporting the role of SDS in maintaining flow and possibly preventing recurrence.
• Immediate postoperative outcomes were not different between groups (≈42% deteriorated), but long-term recovery was better with SDS.
• Steroid use pre-surgery did not correlate with improved outcome; fewer SDS dogs received steroids pre-op.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
  • Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
  • Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
  • Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
• Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
  • Group A: 22.2%
  • Group B: 26.8%
  • Group C: 41.7%
• No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
• Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
  • Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
• Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
• Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
• No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
• PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
• Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
• DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
• PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
• Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
• Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
• Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 24 dogs (<8.5 months) undergoing unilateral cementless THR.
Growth Impact:

• Operated femurs showed ~11.5% less trochanteric growth than controls (p = .002).
• No significant difference in femoral diaphyseal + epiphyseal length (p = .712) or femur overall (p = .465).

Cortical Width:

• Increased significantly at 10 mm distal to trochanter (4.6% increase, p = .037) and at 50% femoral length (8.5% increase, p = .030).

Clinical relevance: Despite measurable changes, no clinically significant impairment to femoral length occurred.
Effect Sizes:

• Moderate negative for trochanteric growth.
• Moderate positive for proximal femoral width.