Quiz Question
In Kang 2024 et al., on sacroiliac fixation strength, what was the statistically significant difference in screw diameter to sacral diameter ratio between groups?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated using locking plates with only cortical screws
- 28 fractures stabilized (ilium: 17, acetabulum: 6, ischium: 3, pubis: 2)
- Implants: Primarily 1.5/2.0 mm LCPs or String-of-Pearls plates
- Major complications in 2/20 cases (10%): sciatic entrapment, malunion requiring THA
- Minor complications in 2/20 cases (10%): plate impingement, transient lameness
- Clinical union in all cats by 8 weeks; all cats returned to full function
- Authors conclude cortical screws alone can provide adequate fixation in feline pelvic fractures if screw purchase and bone quality are sufficient
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model
2024-1-VCOT-kang-3
In Eskelinen 2025 et al., on Plate–Pin fixation for MPL, what suggestion was made to reduce future complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Plate–Pin TTT fixation resolved MPL in 64/65 stifles with low recurrence (1.5%) and good lameness outcomes postoperatively.
- Complication rate was 21.5% (14/65 stifles), mostly minor (57%); major issues included pin migration, fracture, or capsular failure.
- Pin-related issues accounted for 8 of 20 total complications, highlighting implant refinement is needed.
- No avulsions, TT fixation failures, or luxation recurrence occurred in cases where surgical technique was followed precisely.
- Surgical deviations increased complication risk 11.3× (p < 0.05), suggesting adherence to protocol is critical.
- Single-session bilateral MPL surgery had comparable complication rate (3/20) to unilateral surgery (11/45).
- Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases, suggesting at least 3 screws may be needed for secure TT fixation.
- Authors suggest temporary pin fixation and later removal may reduce complications, though prospective studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Outcome and Complications Following Medial Patellar Luxation Corrective Surgery with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Using a Locking Plate and a Pin Fixation: 45 Unilateral and 20 Single-Session Bilateral Procedures
2025-4-VCOT-eskelinen-4
In Trefny 2025 et al., on locking plate biomechanics, which configuration showed higher construct stiffness in compression bending?
🔍 Key Findings
- Short working length constructs had significantly higher stiffness and lower strain than long constructs in compression bending (p = 0.0172).
- In tension bending, short constructs also had higher precontact stiffness and lower strain, but this reversed after transcortical contact (~150 N).
- Transcortical contact increased stiffness only in long constructs, producing a bilinear load-displacement curve.
- Postcontact stiffness was higher in long constructs, but this may not reflect clinical benefit due to risks of high interfragmentary strain.
- Short working length reduced strain at multiple ROIs under both loading conditions, including over fracture gap (Tables 1–3).
- Increased working length promoted stress concentration and deformation, especially in compression bending.
- In vitro benefits of long constructs (via contact stability) may not translate to healing, as repetitive loading could increase plate strain and bone resorption.
- Plate strain was effectively mapped using 3D digital image correlation, confirming regional strain differences between configurations.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Effect of Plate Screw Configuration on Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Synthetic Short Fragment Small Gap Fracture Model Stabilized with a 12-Hole 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
2025-3-VCOT-trefny-1
In Nicolas 2024 et al., how was the scapular osteotomy stabilized?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
- A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
- The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
- At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
- Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
- The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
2024-2-VCOT-nicolas-3
In Lee 2022 et al., on TPLO accuracy, what feature of the 3D-printed guide directly aided in more accurate jig pin placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed TPLO guides significantly reduced osteotomy inclination angle in both bone models and cadaver limbs compared to jig alone (P < .001).
- Torsional deformities were lower when the 3D-printed guide was used in bone models (P < .001), but not significantly different in cadavers.
- Angular deformities were significantly reduced in cadavers using 3D-printed guides (P < .001).
- Proximal jig pin angulation was more accurate with the guide in cadavers (P < .001); not significant in bone models.
- Medial cortex damage was substantially reduced in bone models when the 3D-printed guide was used (P < .001).
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that clinical alignment can still be achieved without the guide.
- Clinical significance of improved metrics is uncertain, but improved precision may reduce surgical complications.
- 3D guide design allowed direct placement of jig and bone plate, potentially improving workflow and safety.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Evaluation of a customized 3D‐printed saw guide for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-6-VS-lee-5
In Scheuermann 2024 et al., on 3D-printed reduction guides for tibial fractures, which statement best describes the application of precontoured plates?
🔍 Key Findings
- The study was a prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a three-dimensional (3D)-printed, patient-specific reduction system for aligning diaphyseal tibial fractures stabilized using minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) in fifteen client-owned dogs.
- Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and fabrication were feasible within a clinically relevant timeframe, with a mean of 50.7 hours. Surgical efficiency improved with experience.
- Pin-guide placement was accurate, with median translational discrepancies of 2.7 mm (proximal) and 2.9 mm (distal), and angular discrepancies highest in the axial plane.
- The proximal guide was easier to apply (median Likert score: 8) than the distal guide (median: 6).
- The 3D-printed system enabled near-anatomic reduction in 87% of cases and acceptable reduction in the remaining 13%; no unacceptable reductions occurred.
- Postoperative alignment and tibial length were well-restored, with all dogs within 5° or 5 mm of contralateral measurements.
- Temporary circular fixation was occasionally used to assist reduction and improve alignment.
- Precontoured plates fit easily, with a median Likert score of 9; total surgical time was shorter than conventional MIPO at the institution.
- The study lacked a control group but builds on prior cadaveric feasibility work.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Efficacy of virtual surgical planning and a three‐dimensional‐printed surgical guide for canine segmental mandibular reconstruction in a cadaver model
2024-6-VS-scheuermann1-3
In Kimura 2025 et al., on mini-THA in <4 kg dogs, which implant strategy was used to reduce risk of femoral fracture during THA in small dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Zurich mini-cementless THA was successful in 9/10 hips in dogs <4 kg, with no lameness at 52 weeks in completed cases.
- Helsinki Chronic Pain Index significantly improved from a mean of 19.8 to 2.3 at 52 weeks (p = 0.0141).
- Fluoroscopy improved implant positioning, especially in LCPD and HD cases, aiding in accurate reaming and alignment.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 2/10 cases, including acetabular fractures; one case required discontinuation.
- Prophylactic bicortical screws and reinforcement plates were used in cases with rotational instability or cortical compromise and were effective in preventing loosening/fractures.
- Medial patellar luxation improved postoperatively in one dog, though recurrence was noted later without surgical correction.
- No stem or implant loosening or fracture occurred over a mean follow-up of 24.4 months.
- CT is recommended in preoperative planning, particularly in luxoid hip dysplasia cases with uncertain bone stock.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Long‐term outcomes of 10 dogs weighing less than 4 kg after Zurich mini‐cementless total hip arthroplasty
2025-6-VS-kimura-5
In Mullen 2024 et al., on NIRF for GDV, what best describes the NIRF findings in stapled partial gastrectomy sites?
🔍 Key Findings
- NIRF altered surgical strategy in 3 of 20 GDV dogs, identifying necrosis not appreciated subjectively.
- Fundic fluorescence <10% indicated histologically confirmed gastric necrosis.
- In 1 dog, NIRF revealed nonviability despite the surgeon’s impression of viability.
- Staple line fluorescence resembled viable tissue in the only stapled gastrectomy, suggesting preservation of perfusion.
- GDV dogs (even “viable”) showed lower fluorescence vs. healthy controls, indicating subclinical vascular compromise.
- Histology confirmed full-thickness necrosis in all 4 dogs with NIRF-defined nonviability.
- Pre-op lactate was significantly higher in nonviable GDV dogs (8.55 vs 4.89 mmol/L, p=0.03).
- No complications were reported from ICG use; imaging was safe and repeatable.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Use of real-time near-infrared fluorescence to assess gastric viability in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus: A case-control study
2024-4-VS-mullen-4
In Kang 2024 et al., on sacroiliac fixation strength, what was the primary failure mode for the double 2.3-mm HCS group?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated using locking plates with only cortical screws
- 28 fractures stabilized (ilium: 17, acetabulum: 6, ischium: 3, pubis: 2)
- Implants: Primarily 1.5/2.0 mm LCPs or String-of-Pearls plates
- Major complications in 2/20 cases (10%): sciatic entrapment, malunion requiring THA
- Minor complications in 2/20 cases (10%): plate impingement, transient lameness
- Clinical union in all cats by 8 weeks; all cats returned to full function
- Authors conclude cortical screws alone can provide adequate fixation in feline pelvic fractures if screw purchase and bone quality are sufficient
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model
2024-1-VCOT-kang-2
In Johnson 2022 et al., on PET implant outcomes, what percentage of implants remained fully intact and functional at 6 months postoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Only 2 of 10 PET implants were fully intact and functional at 6 months post-op.
- Owner-reported function (LOAD scores) improved by 51.7% (p = .008) over 6 months.
- Gait asymmetry improved by 86% (p = .002) postoperatively.
- Implant failure occurred in the midbody of the PET device, suggesting fatigue as a failure mechanism.
- One dog (10%) developed implant infection, necessitating implant removal.
- Implant fixation method (screws + washers + interference screw) was mechanically adequate and technically simple.
- Partially intact implants (4/10) still showed improved clinical outcomes, despite structural compromise.
- Midbody tearing and lack of long-term integrity prohibit continued use of this PET implant in CCL repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Outcome of cranial cruciate ligament replacement with an enhanced polyethylene terephthalate implant in the dog: A pilot clinical trial
2022-8-VS-johnson-1
Quiz Results
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Key Findings