Quiz Question
In Anderson 2023 et al., on French Bulldogs with humeral condylar fractures, what fixation method was associated with the highest risk of major complications in French Bulldogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lateral humeral condylar fractures (LHCF) were most common, comprising 63.6% of cases.
- Transcondylar screw (TCS) + K-wire(s) fixation had a 7.62x higher risk of major complications compared to other methods (p = .009).
- All cases of TCS migration occurred in the TCS + K-wire group; none occurred with plate fixation.
- Overall complication rate was 40.9%, with 29.5% being major and requiring intervention.
- Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) were found in 58.1% of French Bulldogs with CT data.
- No significant association between age and presence of HIF, but fissure length increased with age (R = 0.47, p = .048).
- Younger, lighter dogs had higher complication and screw migration rates, possibly due to softer bone and smaller condyles.
- TCS + plate fixation had the lowest complication rate, suggesting biomechanical superiority.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Humeral condylar fractures and fissures in the French bulldog
2023-1-VS-anderson-2
In Kang 2024 et al., on sacroiliac fixation strength, which construct had significantly higher maximum failure load under rotational force testing?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated using locking plates with only cortical screws
- 28 fractures stabilized (ilium: 17, acetabulum: 6, ischium: 3, pubis: 2)
- Implants: Primarily 1.5/2.0 mm LCPs or String-of-Pearls plates
- Major complications in 2/20 cases (10%): sciatic entrapment, malunion requiring THA
- Minor complications in 2/20 cases (10%): plate impingement, transient lameness
- Clinical union in all cats by 8 weeks; all cats returned to full function
- Authors conclude cortical screws alone can provide adequate fixation in feline pelvic fractures if screw purchase and bone quality are sufficient
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model
2024-1-VCOT-kang-1
In Buote 2023 et al., on laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy (LVSG), on LVSG, which device was primarily used for stomach transection?
🔍 Key Findings
- LVSG was successfully performed in 9/10 cadavers and both live cats, demonstrating procedural feasibility.
- Mean stomach resected was 27.6% of total weight in cadavers, with no leaks in 8/8 tested or either live patient.
- Mean surgical time: 110.4 min (cadavers) and 115 min (live cats); no intra- or postoperative complications observed.
- Stenosis near the incisura occurred in 2 cadavers; attributed to staple placement too close to the lesser curvature.
- 3D printed cannulas (3DPCs) improved ergonomics and were used in 6/10 cadavers and both live procedures.
- Live cats lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, with full return to pre-surgical BCS and no GI complications.
- Orogastric tube and proper tensioning were critical in preventing gastric stenosis during staple placement.
- No reinforcement or oversew was used on the staple line; TriStaple cartridges provided reliable closure.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Laparoscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy in felines: A cadaveric feasibility study and experimental case series in two cats
2023-7-VS-buote2-4
In Butare-Smith 2022 et al., on cerclage knot biomechanics, which cerclage knot had the **highest initial tension** before testing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Double-loop cerclage resisted the highest peak load (805 N) and maintained tension longer than twist (488 N) and single-loop (397 N) configurations.
- Double-loop cerclage sustained 500,000 cycles at 60–80% of peak load in some cases without loosening, outperforming other types.
- Twist knots loosened rapidly, often within 10 cycles even at low loads (100–390 N).
- Single-loop knots performed better than twist, with partial resistance up to 100,000 cycles at 160 N, but showed wide variability.
- All loosening occurred before wire breakage, indicating clinical failure would happen from slack, not fracture.
- Double-loop cerclage had highest initial tension (323 N) compared to single-loop (124 N) and twist (69 N).
- Fatigue limit was not identified for twist, since they all loosened early at even 20% of peak load.
- Clinical recommendation: double-loop cerclage is best for resisting repeated subfailure loading, ideal for fissure prevention or fragment stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Double-loop cerclage resists greater loads for more cycles than twist and single-loop cerclage
2022-2-VS-butare-smith-3
In Evers 2022 et al., on bone-to-tendon plate fixation, what was the primary reason for anchoring the plate to the tendon instead of the bone?
🔍 Key Findings
- Bone-to-tendon plate fixation allowed successful stabilization of a highly comminuted calcaneus fracture in a dog with fragments too small for traditional fixation.
- The plate was sutured to the common calcaneal tendon using a figure-of-8 pattern, bypassing the need for screw fixation into small proximal fragments.
- Radiographic union was achieved by 17 weeks, though considered delayed, with the dog returning to normal function by 36 weeks post-op.
- A second surgery was required to replace the tendon-anchored plate with a calcaneus-only plate due to skin ulceration and implant prominence.
- Implant-associated infection was suspected; cultures confirmed Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, managed with doxycycline and clindamycin.
- Use of human placental matrix (hPM) and both autogenous and allogenic bone grafts supported healing, though their specific contribution remains uncertain.
- Postoperative complications included delayed union and skin ulceration, emphasizing challenges of implant design and soft tissue management.
- This is the first report of using a bone-to-tendon plate for a calcaneus fracture in dogs and demonstrates its potential in cases where traditional methods are not viable.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Use of a bone‐to‐tendon plate to stabilize a comminuted calcaneus fracture in a dog
2022-5-VS-evers-1
In Kang 2024 et al., on sacroiliac fixation strength, which implant required significantly longer placement time?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated using locking plates with only cortical screws
- 28 fractures stabilized (ilium: 17, acetabulum: 6, ischium: 3, pubis: 2)
- Implants: Primarily 1.5/2.0 mm LCPs or String-of-Pearls plates
- Major complications in 2/20 cases (10%): sciatic entrapment, malunion requiring THA
- Minor complications in 2/20 cases (10%): plate impingement, transient lameness
- Clinical union in all cats by 8 weeks; all cats returned to full function
- Authors conclude cortical screws alone can provide adequate fixation in feline pelvic fractures if screw purchase and bone quality are sufficient
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Biomechanical Comparison of Double 2.3-mm Headless Cannulated Self-Compression Screws and Single 3.5-mm Cortical Screw in Lag Fashion in a Canine Sacroiliac Luxation Model
2024-1-VCOT-kang-5
In Deprey 2022 et al., on gap fracture implants, what was the failure mode of the LCP constructs under axial compression?
🔍 Key Findings
- NAS-ILN had significantly greater stiffness in both axial compression and 4-point bending compared to LCP constructs.
- Ultimate load to failure was significantly higher for NAS-ILN in compression (804 N vs 328 N) and bending (25.7 Nm vs 16.3 Nm).
- Torsional stiffness and angular deformation were similar, but NAS-ILN resisted higher torque to failure than LCP (22.5 Nm vs 19.1 Nm).
- No slack was observed with the NAS-ILN construct, unlike older nail designs.
- Failure modes differed: LCPs failed via plate bending; NAS-ILNs failed at the implant or bone near screw holes.
- Titanium alloy and curved design of NAS-ILN provides better anatomic fit and more uniform stress distribution.
- A third, perpendicular locking hole in NAS-ILN may enhance torsional stability but was not utilized in this study.
- The curved, angle-stable design of NAS-ILN is a novel advancement in veterinary orthopedics.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Mechanical evaluation of a novel angle‐stable interlocking nail in a gap fracture model
2022-8-VS-deprey-2
In Low 2024 et al., what was the effect of TCS placement method on screw angulation?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 47 dogs (57 elbows) underwent TCS placement for HIF
- Overall complication rate = 17.5%
- Minor: seromas (7 elbows)
- Major: septic arthritis (3 elbows) — all resolved with antibiotics
- No screw failures, medial epicondylar fractures, or catastrophic outcomes noted
- Long-term follow-up in 41 dogs (50 elbows):
- 90% full function, 10% acceptable function
- Mean follow-up = ~2.5 years
- Increased age was significantly protective (p = 0.0051; OR = 0.61)
- TCS placement method (freehand, guide, aiming device) significantly impacted screw angulation but not complication rate
- Outcome not affected by presence of complications
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Long-Term Outcome and Complications after Transcondylar Screw Placement for Canine Humeral Intracondylar Fissure
2024-4-VCOT-low-5
In Danielski 2025 et al., on PUO complication reduction, how did **IM pin breakage** affect clinical outcomes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Combined intramedullary (IM) pin and rhBMP-2 use resulted in a low complication rate (7.4%) after proximal ulnar osteotomy (PUO).
- Major complications occurred in 5.3% of cases (4 infections, 1 pin breakage with ulnar tilt requiring revision).
- Minor complications occurred in 2.1% of cases (seroma, delayed union).
- No cases of non-union were observed; 98.9% of limbs achieved radiographic healing by 6 weeks.
- IM pin breakage was noted in 11.8% of limbs but did not affect healing outcomes.
- Chondrodystrophic breeds made up 64.8% of the cohort and tolerated the procedure well.
- Compared to prior studies, complication rates were substantially reduced with this technique (prior major: 13.9%; this study: 5.3%).
- The use of rhBMP-2 likely enhanced early bone healing and provided biologic support, particularly important in breeds at higher risk of complications.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Impact of intramedullary pinning and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on postoperative complications after proximal ulnar osteotomy in dogs
2025-6-VS-danielski-4
In Butare-Smith 2022 et al., on cerclage knot biomechanics, what was the typical failure mode of the twist cerclage under cyclic loading?
🔍 Key Findings
- Double-loop cerclage resisted the highest peak load (805 N) and maintained tension longer than twist (488 N) and single-loop (397 N) configurations.
- Double-loop cerclage sustained 500,000 cycles at 60–80% of peak load in some cases without loosening, outperforming other types.
- Twist knots loosened rapidly, often within 10 cycles even at low loads (100–390 N).
- Single-loop knots performed better than twist, with partial resistance up to 100,000 cycles at 160 N, but showed wide variability.
- All loosening occurred before wire breakage, indicating clinical failure would happen from slack, not fracture.
- Double-loop cerclage had highest initial tension (323 N) compared to single-loop (124 N) and twist (69 N).
- Fatigue limit was not identified for twist, since they all loosened early at even 20% of peak load.
- Clinical recommendation: double-loop cerclage is best for resisting repeated subfailure loading, ideal for fissure prevention or fragment stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Double-loop cerclage resists greater loads for more cycles than twist and single-loop cerclage
2022-2-VS-butare-smith-2
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings