🔍 Key Findings

Design: Ex vivo cadaver study (n=8 dogs, 24 sites)
Comparison: Freehand vs. 3D-printed drill guide-assisted ventral slot (GAVS vs FHVS)
Findings:

• GAVS produced slots not significantly different from planned dimensions (p = .722–.875)
• FHVS produced significantly shorter slots than intended (p < .01)
• No difference in surgical time (p = .071)
• Shape ratio and slot divergence from midline were similar between groups (p > .4)
• Use of guide significantly reduced variability in slot position (63% → 29%), shape (65% → 24%), and divergence (54% → 50%)

Conclusion: 3D-printed guides improved accuracy and consistency of ventral slot creation by novice surgeons; supports future evaluation in live dogs and small breeds

🔍 Key Findings

Overall accuracy of radiography to detect IAIP: 77.9%

Sensitivity: 97.2%
Specificity: 67.6%

False positive rate: 32.4% of non-penetrating implants were misclassified as penetrating

Implants directed toward the lateral tibial condyle had higher misclassification (23.8%) than medial (8.3%)

Most accurate detection: Implants placed 2 mm into the joint (97.2% correct classification)

Least agreement: For implants placed at 0 mm (subchondral level), especially lateral (AC1 = 0.48)

No palpable abnormalities (e.g., crepitus) observed during ROM for any group

No significant difference in detection by specialty field or reviewer qualification

Suggests radiographic misclassification risk and supports considering CT/fluoroscopy in equivocal cases

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study Design: Retrospective study of 100 radiographs using in silico and clinical data
• Mean preoperative TPA: 28.6°, higher in small dogs than large (p = .02)
• Mean planned TPA (in silico): 7.6°, not achieving 5° target (p < .01)
• Median postoperative TPA: 5.5° overall; higher in small dogs (7°) vs large (4.5°) (p = .06)
• Postoperative ostectomy position: More distal than recommended; average = 8.6 mm
• Increased distalization → greater under-correction of TPA (p = .01)
• Most accurate correction occurred when ostectomy was ≤7.5 mm from patellar tendon
• Wedge angle categories (TPA-Pre minus 5–2°) were used based on pre-op TPA

🔍 Key Findings

• WMg (water manometer with gauge) was the most accurate and precise pressure measurement device.
• APT (arterial pressure transducer) was less accurate than WMg but still precise; it differed significantly from the gold standard (WMr).
• CCT (Compass CT) was the least accurate and precise and differed significantly from the set pressure.
• Mean differences from set pressure were smallest for WMg (−0.020 cm H2O), moderate for APT (−0.390 cm H2O), and largest for CCT (−1.267 cm H2O).
• All devices showed excellent interobserver (ICC = 1.000) and intraobserver agreement (ICC range 0.985–0.998).
• Even though the CCT performed least well, all devices had mean errors ≤1.3 cm H2O, indicating potential clinical utility.
• WMg or WMr should be preferred in surgical settings due to superior accuracy and precision.
• Measurement precision is more critical than accuracy during PSS surgery, as a 1 mm Hg (~1.3 cm H2O) increase in portal pressure raises odds of poor outcomes by 9%.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mediastinoscopy was technically feasible in large-breed canine cadavers using a SILS port and standard laparoscopic instruments.
• The left tracheobronchial lymph node (LTBLN) was successfully retrieved in all cadavers (7/7), while cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were retrieved in only 1/7.
• Postprocedural pleural gas was observed in 4/7 cadavers, likely due to CO₂ insufflation.
• Instrument limitations with a human-designed mediastinoscope led to preference for laparoscopic instruments and SILS port for improved access and visualization.
• Complication rates were low, with only two minor (Grade 1) adverse events (pleural tear and LN rupture).
• Obesity and mediastinal fat were cited as potential challenges to visualization and node retrieval.
• NASA-TLX workload scores were lowest for tracheobronchial nodes, indicating these were the easiest to access.
• The authors concluded this approach may facilitate minimally invasive biopsy or resection of cranial mediastinal masses in live dogs, but clinical trials are needed to validate safety and efficacy.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Type: Cadaveric study using 36 paired canine shoulders (n = 18 per group: Subacromial [SA] and Supratubercular [ST])
• Survey Results: 75% of clinicians preferred SA technique; 25% used ST

• Complete accuracy: 50% (SA), 44% (ST) — no significant difference (p = .8)
• Partial accuracy: 39% (SA), 50% (ST)
• Complete miss: 11% (SA), 5.6% (ST)

• Incidence of IACI:
  • SA: 50% (9/18 shoulders)
  • ST: 11% (2/18 shoulders) → statistically significant (p = .007)
• Lesion depth: All ST lesions were partial-thickness; SA group had one full-thickness lesion (p = .027)
• Location: Lesions found on glenoid and humeral head with even distribution in SA; only one each in ST

• Landmark-guided injections were ≤50% completely accurate, even by an experienced operator.
• ST technique is safer with lower risk of cartilage damage, despite similar accuracy.
• Findings support considering image-guided techniques to improve both safety and accuracy in clinical settings.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ala vestibuloplasty significantly reduced normalized pulmonary transit time (nPTT) (mean 5.43 → 3.89 sec; p <.001), suggesting improved cardiopulmonary function.
• Clinical respiratory signs improved, including reduced snoring, sneezing, nasal discharge, and open-mouth breathing (all p <.01).
• Activity tolerance increased, with less dyspnea during activity and longer time to onset of dyspnea (p <.005).
• Paradoxical sternal motion resolved in all affected cats after surgery.
• Hiatal hernias resolved in 75% of affected cats on follow-up CT.
• No serious complications occurred, with only mild, self-limiting epistaxis and hypersalivation in a few cases.
• Aberrant turbinates were detected on CT in all cats, though only 1 showed obstructive CATs endoscopically.
• Total clinical severity scores improved significantly postoperatively (median reduction of 30 points; p <.001).

🔍 Key Findings:

• Design: Ex vivo study with 24 paired limbs from normal beagle dogs.
• Osteotomy types (3 groups):
  1. 30° uniplanar frontal wedge
  2. Oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal)
  3. Single oblique (30° frontal, 15° sagittal, 30° external rotation)
• Comparison: 3D PSG vs Freehand (FH)
• Main Outcomes:
  • PSG accuracy: Mean angular deviation = 2.8° vs 6.4° in FH (p < .001).
  • 84% of PSG osteotomies were within 5° of target vs 50% of FH.
• Significant improvements with PSG in:
  • Group 1 (uniplanar frontal) proximal and distal frontal planes (p < .001, .006)
  • Group 3 (SOO) frontal and sagittal planes (p = .002, .043)
• Time: PSG faster in complex SOO group (84s vs 162s, p < .001); no difference in others.
• No difference in osteotomy location (mm) between methods.
• Clinical relevance: PSG more consistent and accurate, especially for complex cuts.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Type: Cadaveric study using 36 paired canine shoulders (n = 18 per group: Subacromial [SA] and Supratubercular [ST])
• Survey Results: 75% of clinicians preferred SA technique; 25% used ST

• Complete accuracy: 50% (SA), 44% (ST) — no significant difference (p = .8)
• Partial accuracy: 39% (SA), 50% (ST)
• Complete miss: 11% (SA), 5.6% (ST)

• Incidence of IACI:
  • SA: 50% (9/18 shoulders)
  • ST: 11% (2/18 shoulders) → statistically significant (p = .007)
• Lesion depth: All ST lesions were partial-thickness; SA group had one full-thickness lesion (p = .027)
• Location: Lesions found on glenoid and humeral head with even distribution in SA; only one each in ST

• Landmark-guided injections were ≤50% completely accurate, even by an experienced operator.
• ST technique is safer with lower risk of cartilage damage, despite similar accuracy.
• Findings support considering image-guided techniques to improve both safety and accuracy in clinical settings.

🔍 Key Findings

• DPO significantly improved femoral head coverage, increasing mean DLS from 36.1% to 71.4% postoperatively (p < 0.001).
• No significant change in DLS between immediate postoperative and follow-up scans, suggesting stable surgical outcomes over time.
• Greater plate angle (30°) yielded larger DLS improvement (mean increase: 39.8%) compared to 25° and 20° plates.
• Only 3 hips had post-op DLS scores <55%, indicating most patients had lower risk of osteoarthritis progression.
• No correlation found between DLS improvement and age, body weight, or side of surgery, suggesting broad applicability.
• CT was used for DLS measurement in simulated weight-bearing, improving precision over radiographic methods.
• Major limitations included small sample size, multiple surgeons, and variable sedation vs anesthesia during imaging.
• DPO confirmed as effective for reducing dorsolateral subluxation, improving coxofemoral joint congruency in dysplastic dogs.