Quiz Question
In Viljoen 2022 et al., on surgical hand prep protocols, what factor significantly influenced post-surgical contamination risk?
🔍 Key Findings
- Pre-ABHR hand preparation lowered CFUs at 120 minutes post-gloving compared to ABHR alone (P = .001)
- pH-neutral soap followed by ABHR outperformed ABHR alone despite being nonmedicated (P = .001)
- CHX and BAC prewashes showed better immediate CFU reduction post-preparation than pHN (P = .012)
- No significant difference in total log10 CFU reduction across all four groups over the full surgical period (P = .362)
- Glove perforation in the thumb was a significant contamination factor (P = .036)
- All dogs recovered without surgical site infections, though SSI incidence was not a primary outcome
- Neutralizer validation lacking, so CHX results interpreted cautiously
- Study supports a 1-minute hand wash with pH-neutral soap prior to ABHR as effective and safe
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Comparative antimicrobial efficacy of 4 surgical hand‐preparation procedures prior to application of an alcohol-based hand rub in veterinary students
2022-3-VS-viljoen-3
In Maeta 2022 et al., on total cystectomy in cats, which surgical method was used to prevent ureteral bending and misalignment during cutaneous ureterostomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- First reported case of total cystectomy and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat using a modified Toyoda technique.
- Histologically complete tumor resection was achieved, with tumor-free ureter and urethral margins >20 mm.
- The modified Toyoda technique involved shaping the ureter into a fish-mouth aperture and anastomosing it to a rectangular skin defect for stomal formation.
- Incontinence was managed using a diaper changed every 6–8 hours, with no dermatological complications.
- Obstruction of the right ureter occurred 14 months post-op, associated with a subcutaneous nodule at the anastomosis site.
- Despite incontinence, owner satisfaction and perceived quality of life were high, with the cat living ~16 months post-op.
- The stents were removed on days 7 (left) and 28 (right) postoperatively, with initial patency maintained until 14 months.
- This surgical approach may offer palliative or curative benefit for feline trigonal TCC where partial cystectomy is not feasible.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Modified Toyoda technique for total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat
2022-8-VS-maeta-1
In Glenn 2024 et al., on client-based SSI surveillance, which major limitation was noted in detecting deep or implant-associated infections?
🔍 Key Findings
- Algorithm 3 had the highest overall accuracy (95.5%) in diagnosing SSIs from client questionnaires.
- Active surveillance identified 19.4% more SSIs compared to passive surveillance alone.
- SSI rate was 8.22% across 754 surgeries; 33.9% of SSIs required revision surgery.
- Client-based responses were 37.9% more frequent than those from referring veterinarians.
- Deep/implant SSIs could be missed if not associated with visible wound healing problems.
- Two late SSIs (after 90 days) occurred, both linked to implant surgeries.
- Algorithm 1 was the most sensitive (87.1%) but less specific; useful for screening.
- Algorithm 2 had the highest specificity (97.9%); useful as a “rule-in” diagnostic method.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of a client questionnaire at diagnosing surgical site infections in an active surveillance system
2024-8-VS-glenn-5
In Caiazzo 2025 et al., on suture material comparison, what percentage of dehisced incisions demonstrated both skin and subcutis involvement?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in non-infected incisional dehiscence rates among groups using PDS vs. Monocryl for subcutaneous and skin closure.
- Overall dehiscence rate: 9.48% (22/232 dogs).
- Postoperative antibiotic use and signs of inflammation were significantly associated with dehiscence (p = .023 and p < .001, respectively).
- Dogs not receiving postoperative antibiotics had a higher dehiscence rate (14.74%) than those that did (5.84%).
- Most dehiscence cases were superficial (85.7%), and the average length of dehiscence was 1.71 cm.
- No statistically significant impact of weight, BCS, incision length, procedure type, surgeon experience, closure direction, or barrier use on dehiscence rate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Impact of suture materials polydioxanone and poliglecaprone 25 on non-infected clean orthopedic stifle procedure incisional dehiscence rates
2025-3-VS-caiazzo-5
In Hanlon 2022 et al., on short screw sacroiliac fixation, how did screw positioning affect neurovascular safety?
🔍 Key Findings
- Two short screws (SLS or SPS) provided >2× peak load, yield load, and stiffness vs a single long screw (LLS) for SI joint stabilization.
- No mechanical advantage was seen between the two short screw types (lag vs positional).
- All short screws terminated lateral to the spinal canal, avoiding spinal impingement.
- Ventral sacral foraminal impingement occurred in 3 short-screw cases (1 SPS, 2 SLS), all involving the caudal screw.
- LLS group showed more abaxial displacement at osteotomy sites, suggesting inferior stabilization for concurrent pelvic fractures.
- Short screw constructs had longer total screw length (48 mm) than LLS (40 mm), contributing to increased stiffness.
- Positioning of caudal screw in a cranial/craniodorsal trajectory may help avoid nerve foraminal injury.
- No significant difference in displacement at peak load among groups; stiffness and load capacity were the primary benefits.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Mechanical evaluation of canine sacroiliac joint stabilization using two short screws
2022-7-VS-hanlon-3
In Sunlight 2022 et al., on Protein C monitoring, what was the average postoperative Protein C (PC) activity in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Postoperative Protein C (PC) activity increased in 78.7% of dogs, and was significantly higher in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
- Complete acute shunt occlusion resulted in higher postoperative PC activity (96.3%) and better ultimate clinical outcomes than incomplete occlusion.
- Preoperative PC was not predictive of clinical status, but postoperative PC was associated with improved outcomes.
- Standard biochemical markers (HCT, MCV, ALB, BUN) also improved postoperatively, especially in dogs with excellent clinical outcomes.
- Dogs requiring a second procedure had significantly lower postoperative PC (43.5%) than those not requiring further intervention (78.5%).
- Repeat procedures improved PC and BUN values, with PC increasing significantly after second intervention (to 69.8%).
- PC normalization (within reference interval) occurred in 87.5% of dogs with excellent clinical status, compared to only 12.5% in those with poor status.
- Clinical outcome classification (excellent/fair/poor) correlated with biochemical normalization and lack of need for diet/medications.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Protein C and comparative biochemical changes in dogs treated with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2022-1-VS-sunlight-1
In Farrell 2022 et al., on checklist reliability in OVH simulation, what percentage of checklist items were deemed essential by expert surgical educators?
🔍 Key Findings
- 39 of 40 checklist items for simulated OVH surgical assessment had good content validity (CVI = 0.81)
- Only 1 of 6 items from the OSATS GRS (respect for tissue) met inclusion criteria (CVI = 0.80)
- Checklist showed strong reliability (G-coefficient = 0.85) for moderate-stakes exams
- Modified OSATS GRS showed acceptable reliability (G-coefficient = 0.79)
- Two raters needed for acceptable reliability in high-stakes exams when using the checklist
- Minimal interrater bias found; variance largely due to interaction among student, rater, and item
- Digital recordings were a reliable method of evaluating surgical performance
- Study supports using checklist over OSATS GRS for assessing preclinical students on simulated models
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Evaluating validity evidence for 2 instruments developed to assess students' surgical skills in a simulated environment
2022-5-VS-farrell-4
In Otero Balda 2025 et al., on Short-term outcomes after feline cPSS surgery, what was the survival rate in cats pretreated with levetiracetam following the LEV1 protocol?
🔍 Key Findings
- 78% of cats that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) surgery survived to 30 days.
- Postattenuation seizures (PAS) were associated with significantly decreased 30-day survival (50% vs. 78%; OR: 0.015, p = .005).
- Treatment of PANS with propofol was a negative prognostic factor (OR: 0.112, p = .0008).
- Generalized PAS accounted for most seizure cases and were more frequently fatal than focal or unknown-type seizures.
- Pretreatment with levetiracetam (LEV1 protocol) showed a trend toward improved survival (100% vs. 60.6% in untreated cats), though not statistically significant (p = .06).
- Shunt morphology, method of attenuation, and study period (early vs. late) were not significantly associated with 30-day survival.
- Electrolyte, glucose, and ammonia abnormalities were not strongly linked to survival outcomes in this study.
- Majority of PAS-related deaths were due to uncontrolled generalized seizures or euthanasia because of severity.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of cats that experienced postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of single congenital portosystemic shunts
2025-5-VS-otero-5
In Israel 2022 et al., on cerclage wire in THR, which of the following statements about cerclage wire outcomes is CORRECT?
🔍 Key Findings
- No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
- Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
- Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
- 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
- All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
- Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
- Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
- Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Outcome of canine cementless collared stem total hip replacement with proximal femoral periprosthetic cerclage application: 184 consecutive cases
2022-2-VS-israel-3
In Geier 2022 et al., on smoke evacuation in TPLO, which group had the highest maximum particle concentration during surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Use of smoke evacuators reduced ultrafine particle concentrations by 56.4% during approach to the proximal tibia for TPLO in dogs.
- Mean intraoperative particle concentrations were significantly higher in surgeries without smoke evacuation (1352 ppc vs. 763 ppc, P < .0001).
- Maximum particle concentrations were six times higher without smoke evacuation (62,450 ppc vs. 10,100 ppc, P < .0001).
- Particle counts increased above baseline regardless of evacuator use, confirming electrosurgery contributes substantially to airborne particles.
- Surgeons noted reduced odor and health concerns when using the smoke evacuator, despite initial visibility limitations due to pencil attachment.
- Standard surgical masks do not protect against ultrafine particles, underscoring the importance of smoke mitigation systems.
- The smoke-evacuation unit did not eliminate all ultrafine particles, suggesting optimization (e.g., higher power setting) may be beneficial.
- This is the first clinical veterinary study to measure surgical smoke reduction using evacuators during TPLO.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
The effect of a smoke‐evacuation unit on ultrafine particle concentrations in the operating room during approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy surgery in dogs
2022-5-VS-geier-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings