🔍 Key Findings

• Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
• The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
• A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
• Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
• Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
• There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
• Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
• Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
• Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
• No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
• Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
• Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
• Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
• Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
• Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions

🔍 Key Findings

• Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
• Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
• Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
• Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
• Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
• Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
• One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
• Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined CBLO-TTT did not reduce load to failure compared to CBLO or TTT alone (P = .81 and P = .12, respectively).
• CBLO-TTT maintains construct strength without significant compromise compared to individual procedures.
• Most common failure mode in CBLO-TTT was displacement of the tibial crest segment with k-wire pullout and tension band untwisting.
• No fulcrum effect was seen in CBLO-TTT, unlike TPLO-TTT combinations, likely due to preservation of buttress effect.
• Patellar ligament avulsion occurred in both CBLO and CBLO-TTT, but not as a clinical concern — possibly artifact from cadaver model.
• Load-to-failure testing was static and unidirectional, not accounting for cyclic fatigue or in vivo healing.
• Plate size and saw blade variation were based on clinical realism, introducing potential variability but not affecting outcomes.
• Study suggests feasibility of simultaneous surgical correction of CCL rupture and MPL using CBLO-TTT in dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP) were diagnosed in 11 patients (9 dogs, 2 cats) using CT after blunt trauma.
• TPPs were identified on radiographs in 64% of cases that were CT-confirmed, highlighting the superior sensitivity of CT.
• Most cases (7/10) were managed conservatively, with complete recovery and no TPP-related mortality.
• Thoracic surgery (lung lobectomy) was performed in 3 dogs, due to persistent pneumothorax or large TPP with perceived risk of complications.
• All pneumothorax cases were managed with thoracostomy tubes, and chest drains were used in 73% of cases.
• Pneumothorax was present in 100% of patients, often bilateral, and pulmonary contusions were reported in 73%.
• One cat was euthanized due to unrelated maxillofacial trauma; no deaths were attributed to TPP itself.
• Long-term follow-up (median 768 days) revealed only 1 case with possible TPP-related pneumonia; others had no complications.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 2,178 canine CTs reviewed retrospectively.
Prevalence: Incidental PBBs found in 1.37% (30/2178).
Outcome: None of the dogs with incidental PBBs developed clinical spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) over a median follow-up of 1255 days.
Significant Associations:

• Age: Dogs with PBBs were significantly older (median 10.5 yrs vs. 8.2 yrs, p = .001).
• CT indication: PBBs more likely during neoplastic staging (p = .006).

PBB Characteristics:

• Total = 60 PBBs (median 1/dog; range 1–7).
• Location: 35% in left caudal, 31.6% right caudal, only 13.3% in right cranial lobe.
• Size-based: 25 bullae (>10 mm), 35 blebs (≤10 mm).

Conclusion: Prophylactic resection of incidental PBBs not justified given no observed SP risk in this population.

🔍 Key Findings

• Prestretching (PS) at 10 mmHg for 3 minutes significantly increased working space at 6 mmHg IAP — IWL +4.4%, IWS +6.9%.
• PS provided ≈63% of the IWL and ≈66% of the IWS gains achieved with sustained 10 mmHg IAP.
• All laparoscopic procedures were completed at 6 mmHg after PS; no conversions or pressure increases were needed.
• Working space benefits persisted throughout surgery — end-of-procedure measurements were unchanged from post-PS baseline.
• Transverse expansion (RLAT/LLAT) was greater than sagittal (CRA/CAU), consistent with adult abdominal wall compliance.
• No adverse anesthetic events occurred; mild complications (e.g., gas leakage) were easily managed.
• Large breed dogs were overrepresented, but all dogs served as their own controls, normalizing size effects.
• Prestretching is a simple, effective technique to maximize working space without increasing insufflation pressure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Survival rates did not differ between immediate (90 min) and delayed (≥5 h) surgical stabilization groups at discharge or 1-month post-op (approx. 80% survival in both).
• Hyperlactatemia at 24 hours post-fluid therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital and 1-month mortality (P = .01 and P = .02).
• Persistent tachycardia during hospitalization was linked to increased 1-month mortality (P = .015).
• Partial gastrectomy was required in ~6–10% of cases, with high associated mortality.
• Preoperative stabilization protocols (trocarization, nasogastric tube) allowed safe surgical delays up to 13.7 hours without impacting survival.
• Degree of gastric torsion differed between groups; more 0° torsions in delayed cases, potentially due to decompression-induced derotation.
• No difference in post-op complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension, or AKI between groups.
• More intra-anesthetic deaths occurred in immediate surgery group, highlighting importance of adequate pre-op stabilization.

🔍 Key Findings

• Low-trauma events caused 82.9% of CvHL cases; Poodles and poodle-crosses represented 49.4% of cases.
• Success rate of hobbles (61.8%) was significantly higher than closed reduction alone (10.3%) or Ehmer sling (18.5%).
• Multivariate analysis found hobbles 7.62x more likely to succeed vs. closed reduction (p = .001).
• Specialist surgeons had higher success with nonsurgical management (OR: 2.68; p = .047).
• Older age associated with better outcomes (OR: 1.15 per year; p < .0005).
• Ehmer sling is not recommended due to high failure and complication rates (60.6%).
• Toggle rod stabilization had a high surgical success rate (88.2%) with low complication.
• No link was found between CvHL and hip dysplasia or OA in most cases (only 2/108 showed OA).

🔍 Key Findings

Increased risk with gonadectomy:

• Pooled OR for CrCLD:
  • Females: 2.29 (95% CI: 1.77–2.95)
  • Males: 2.12 (95% CI: 1.67–2.69)

Early gonadectomy (≤1 year) further increased risk:

• OR vs >1 year:
  • Females: 3.39
  • Males: 3.13

Late gonadectomy (>1 year) had no significant difference vs intact dogs.

Breed-specific findings:

• Female Labradors: No increased CrCLD risk from gonadectomy (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.54–2.64)
• Male Labradors: Increased risk persisted (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.53–2.98)

Study type: Systematic review + meta-analysis of 24 observational studies (n = 1.85 million dogs)