
Quiz Question
In Zweig 2025 et al., on healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, what conclusion was reached regarding non-surgical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
- Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
- Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
- Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
- Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
- Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
- Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
- Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Treatment outcome and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in skeletally mature dogs: 21 cases (2016–2023)
2025-6-VCOT-zweig-5
In Matz 2022 et al., on stapler size comparison, what is the clinical significance of the finding that all stapler groups had ILPs exceeding 25 mmHg?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) among TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm stapler sizes (P = .78).
- All stapler types exceeded the physiological intraluminal pressure threshold (~25 mmHg), suggesting acceptable leak resistance.
- Mean ILPs: TA 30 V3 (181.5 mmHg), TA 60 3.5 mm (112 mmHg), TA 60 4.8 mm (77.2 mmHg).
- Leakage occurred at the staple line in 23 of 24 specimens; only one had ileal wall rupture.
- No correlation found between ILP and cadaver weight, cecal wall thickness, or cecal length.
- Cecal wall thickness averaged 4.9 mm, yet staple heights ranged only from 1.0–2.0 mm.
- One specimen in each TA 60 group leaked near or below physiologic pressures, suggesting rare outliers.
- Study supports clinical viability of all tested stapler sizes for canine typhlectomy, but highlights need for in vivo data on healing and complications.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Ex vivo comparison of different thoracoabdominal stapler sizes for typhlectomy in canine cadavers
2022-4-VS-matz-4
In Song 2024 et al., on CT vs cystoscopy for ectopic ureters in dogs, what did the authors conclude regarding CT's role in surgical planning?
🔍 Key Findings
- CT correctly identified ectopic ureters in 91% of dogs, but missed 50% of normal ureters, limiting its negative predictive value.
- Sensitivity for intramural ectopic ureters was 65%, while specificity was 71%, indicating moderate diagnostic performance.
- Sensitivity for extramural ectopic ureters was only 29%, despite a high specificity of 97%.
- CT was inaccurate in predicting ureteral orifice location, with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 76% depending on the site.
- 26% of dogs were misclassified for cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA) eligibility based on CT findings alone.
- Overall CT accuracy for CLA candidacy was 74%, but a significant minority would have been inappropriately treated.
- Multivariate analysis found no predictive factors (e.g., colon distension, body weight) for when CT would be incorrect.
- Authors recommend confirmatory cystoscopy to verify CT findings prior to treatment planning.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Receiver operating characteristics of computed tomography (CT) compared to cystoscopy in diagnosis of canine ectopic ureters: Thirty-five cases
2024-3-VS-song-5
In Cola 2024 et al., on laparotomy-assisted endoscopy, what was the primary factor associated with the need to convert to enterotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
- Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
- LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
- Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
- Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
- No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
- Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
- Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies: Evaluation of this technique and postoperative recovery in dogs and cats
2024-7-VS-cola-1
In Kalmukov 2022 et al., on cell salvage efficacy, what was the average red blood cell mass (rbcM) recovery percentage?
🔍 Key Findings
- Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
- Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
- No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
- Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
- Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
- Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
- Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
- Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes
2022-8-VS-kalmukov-2
In Healy 2025 et al., on incidental PBBs, what recommendation is made regarding prophylactic lung resection?
🔍 Key Findings
Population: 2,178 canine CTs reviewed retrospectively.
Prevalence: Incidental PBBs found in 1.37% (30/2178).
Outcome: None of the dogs with incidental PBBs developed clinical spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) over a median follow-up of 1255 days.
Significant Associations:
- Age: Dogs with PBBs were significantly older (median 10.5 yrs vs. 8.2 yrs, p = .001).
- CT indication: PBBs more likely during neoplastic staging (p = .006).
PBB Characteristics:
- Total = 60 PBBs (median 1/dog; range 1–7).
- Location: 35% in left caudal, 31.6% right caudal, only 13.3% in right cranial lobe.
- Size-based: 25 bullae (>10 mm), 35 blebs (≤10 mm).
Conclusion: Prophylactic resection of incidental PBBs not justified given no observed SP risk in this population.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Significance of incidentally identified bullae and blebs on thoracic computed tomography and prevalence of subsequent pneumothorax in dogs
2025-1-VS-healy-3
In Kalmukov 2022 et al., on cell salvage efficacy, what was the mean percentage of red blood cell mass (rbcM) recovered using direct suction?
🔍 Key Findings
- Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
- Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
- No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
- Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
- Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
- Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
- Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
- Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes
2022-8-VS-kalmukov-1
In de Moya 2023 et al., on FGPP of femoral capital physeal/neck fractures, what was the most common preoperative fracture displacement classification?
🔍 Key Findings
- 11 dogs, 13 fractures (mostly Salter-Harris type I) were repaired with FGPP using Kirschner wires.
- 10/13 fractures achieved satisfactory healing with good limb function at ~43 days median follow-up.
- Major complications occurred in 5 dogs: intra-articular pin placement, implant migration (2), implant failure with nonunion, and malunion.
- 2 dogs presenting >15 days post-injury with radiographic remodeling were poor candidates → higher risk of nonunion/malunion.
- Preoperative displacement was mostly mild (10/13 fractures); these had better outcomes than chronic or severely displaced cases.
- Median surgical time: 60 minutes (range 45–75), all performed percutaneously without conversion to open.
- Elective pin removal was performed in 5 cases; migration occurred with both short and long cut wires.
- Femoral neck resorption (“apple-coring”) was rare (2/10 healed cases) and thought to be less frequent than after ORIF due to reduced vascular disruption.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Closed reduction and fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous pinning of femoral capital physeal or neck fractures: Thirteen fractures in 11 dogs
2023-7-VS-demoya-3
In Low 2025 et al., on gonadectomy and CrCLD, which subgroup comparison showed no significant increase in CrCLD risk?
🔍 Key Findings
Increased risk with gonadectomy:
- Pooled OR for CrCLD:
- Females: 2.29 (95% CI: 1.77–2.95)
- Males: 2.12 (95% CI: 1.67–2.69)
Early gonadectomy (≤1 year) further increased risk:
- OR vs >1 year:
- Females: 3.39
- Males: 3.13
Late gonadectomy (>1 year) had no significant difference vs intact dogs.
Breed-specific findings:
- Female Labradors: No increased CrCLD risk from gonadectomy (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.54–2.64)
- Male Labradors: Increased risk persisted (OR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.53–2.98)
Study type: Systematic review + meta-analysis of 24 observational studies (n = 1.85 million dogs)
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
The association between gonadectomy and timing of gonadectomy, and the risk of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2025-2-VS-low-5
In Power 2022 et al., on liposomal bupivacaine use, what was concluded about its use in off-label orthopedic procedures?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
- Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
- No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
- No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
- Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
- Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
- Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
- Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Incidence and severity of short‐term incisional complications after intraoperative local infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine in dogs
2022-4-VS-power-3
Quiz Results
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Key Findings
