Quiz Question
In Zweig 2025 et al., on healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures, which radiographic change was associated with surgical management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
- Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
- Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
- Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
- Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
- Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
- Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
- Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
6
2025
Treatment outcome and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures in skeletally mature dogs: 21 cases (2016–2023)
2025-6-VCOT-zweig-4
In Hildebrandt 2023 et al., on Buccal Transposition Flap for Maxillary Lip Reconstruction in Dogs, what was a recommended intraoperative consideration to reduce postoperative flap trauma?
🔍 Key Findings
- Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
- All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
- Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
- Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
- Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
- Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
- Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
- Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Buccal transposition flap for closure of maxillary lip defects in 5 dogs
2023-2-VS-hildebrandt-3
In Cortez 2024 et al., on feline ectopic ureters, what was the most common anatomical classification of ectopic ureters in cats?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
- Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
- All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
- Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
- Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
- Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
- CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
- Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic ureters
2024-6-VS-cortez-2
In Winston 2023 et al., on LES-AS surgery outcomes, which of the following best describes the surgical approach used for the myotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Modified Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication improved vomiting/regurgitation scores by 180%, QoL by 100%, and owner-perceived body weight by 63% (P < .05).
- 6 of 9 dogs with postoperative VFSS showed objective improvement in gastric filling scores; others remained stable.
- Oral sildenafil was discontinued postoperatively in all dogs, indicating surgical success comparable to medical management.
- 12 of 13 dogs survived to discharge; one dog was euthanized due to aspiration pneumonia postoperatively.
- 50% of dogs experienced gastrostomy tube complications, higher than reported in previous literature.
- Most complications were gastrostomy-tube related, with some requiring surgical correction (e.g., tube migration, leakage).
- Feeding strategies (Bailey chair, elevated bowls) and food consistency (gruel/liquid) remained essential postoperatively to control regurgitation.
- 9 of 11 owners would opt for the surgery again; those who wouldn’t cited risk or lack of efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2023
Management and outcomes of 13 dogs treated with a modified Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for lower esophageal sphincter achalasia-like syndrome
2023-2-VS-winston-2
In Schroeder 2022 et al., on fascial anatomy mapping, what is the characteristic of type I fascia?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascial planes in dogs were consistently classifiable into four surgical types:
- Type I (discrete sheets), Type II (tightly adhered to thin muscle), Type III (tightly adhered to thick muscle), and Type IV (periosteum-associated).
- Two junction types were identified: Type A (easily elevated) and Type B (higher risk of disruption).
- Disruption-prone areas include the scapular spine (type IV fascia) and lateral thorax near the 13th rib, where rib resection may be needed to preserve margins.
- The latissimus dorsi transition zones and fascial areas near the thoracic inlet and scapulohumeral joint were prone to fascial thinning or disruption.
- Partial muscle resections or periosteal elevations may be required in areas with fragile fascia to maintain oncologic margins.
- Dorsal spinous processes (T6–L6) showed type IV fascia; however, osteotomy may be needed in some dogs for clear margins.
- Blended fascial transitions (e.g., rectus abdominis: type II cranially, type I caudally) necessitate intraoperative judgment on resection depth.
- Cutaneous trunci may suffice as a deep margin for small, low-grade tumors in well-muscled dogs, but not reliably for high-grade or larger masses.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part I: Neck and trunk
2022-1-VS-schroeder-1
In Mihara 2024 et al., on mitral valve repair in dogs, what geometric change supported improved valve competence?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mitral valve plasty (MVP) in dogs with MMVD significantly reduced regurgitant volume and fraction, and normalized LA:Ao ratio, indicating reversal of volume overload.
- MVP altered mitral valve geometry, with reduced annular dimensions and increased coaptation length, enhancing valve competence.
- Postoperative LA:Ao ratio dropped from 2.2 to 1.2, consistent with improved left atrial pressure and size.
- Forward stroke volume index and cardiac index increased at 3 months, reflecting improved hemodynamic function despite reduced fractional shortening.
- Three dogs (3.9%) died postoperatively, highlighting a 96.1% survival rate within 3 months.
- The repair technique involved artificial chordal replacement and annuloplasty; no cleft closure or leaflet suturing was used.
- Color Doppler echocardiography confirmed substantial reduction in mitral regurgitation postoperatively in most dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Effects of mitral valve repair on valvular geometry and hemodynamics in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease
2024-3-VS-mihara-2
In Kuvaldina 2023 et al., in Minimally invasive axillary lymphadenectomy in dogs, what anatomical variation was noted during cadaver dissection?
🔍 Key Findings
- A minimally invasive endoscopic technique was successfully developed for excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes in dogs.
- The procedure was performed on 4 cadavers (6 limbs) and 3 clinical patients, with no major complications reported.
- Mean cadaveric time: accessory axillary node 5.1 min; axillary node 33 min. One limb had a double axillary node.
- In clinical cases, 2/3 were completed endoscopically; one required conversion to open due to node elevation difficulty.
- Surgical times in clinical cases ranged from 35 to 58 minutes, depending on node accessibility and number.
- Postoperative morbidity was minimal: no lymphedema, minor seroma or lameness resolved quickly.
- The SILS port approach enabled effective access, though precise placement was critical to visualization.
- This is the first reported veterinary endoscopic technique for axillary lymphadenectomy; potential for improved staging and reduced morbidity.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
2023-7-VS-kuvaldina-5
In Shetler 2022 et al., on radial head OCD, what feature characterized the OCD lesions arthroscopically?
🔍 Key Findings
- Bilateral radial head OCD lesions were identified in a 6-month-old English Bulldog with elbow lameness.
- Medial arthroscopic portals allowed only partial visualization of radial head lesions, insufficient for treatment.
- Lateral arthroscopy portals provided excellent access for fragment removal and abrasion arthroplasty.
- Histopathology confirmed OCD, showing cartilage degeneration and retained cartilaginous cores.
- Dog showed complete resolution of lameness and no elbow pain at 5 months post-op.
- Lesions were caudolateral on the radial head, with discoid elevation of cartilage and clefts.
- Lateral approach avoids major neurovascular structures, reducing iatrogenic risk.
- The authors suggest lateral elbow arthroscopy may have broader indications, including for medial compartment disease or synovial biopsies.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
The use of lateral arthroscopy portals for the management of bilateral osteochondritis dissecans of the radial head in an English bulldog
2022-8-VS-shetler-3
In Miller 2025 et al., on spinal drill guide accuracy, what was the reported mean deviation between planned and actual screw entry/exit points?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed, SOP plate-specific guides enabled safe screw placement from T12–L5 in canine cadavers and models.
- All 140 screw trajectories were classified as Zdichavski Grade 1, indicating optimal placement without vertebral canal breach.
- Screw angles (cranial-caudal and transverse) matched preoperative planning, with no significant deviation.
- Entry/exit point deviations were <1 mm on average, deemed clinically negligible.
- Drill guides were quick to place (<30 sec per vertebra) and improved ease of surgery.
- Plates acted as effective reduction tools, guiding alignment during screw placement in mobile spines.
- Minor technical challenges arose from cadaveric spine mobility, mitigated by sequential screw insertion.
- Technique may enable future use in fracture/luxation reduction, pending further cadaveric and clinical trials.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Development and testing of an animal-specific and string-of-pearls (SOP) plate specific, three-dimensionally (3D) printed drilling guide: A proof of concept study for canine thoracolumbar spinal stabilization
2025-6-VS-miller-1
In Dalton 2023 et al., In Minimally invasive acetabular fracture repair in dogs, which intraoperative complication was observed in cadaveric specimens?
🔍 Key Findings
- Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
- Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
- Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
- Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
- Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
- Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
- Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-7-VS-dalton-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings