Quiz Question
In Larose 2024 et al., on laparoscopic liver biopsies in dogs, how did the 3 mm biopsy cup perform in larger dogs compared to smaller dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Histologic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm biopsies was 90%, with a Gwet's AC1 of 0.81 (p < .0001).
- 5 mm biopsies yielded significantly more portal triads and lobules than 3 mm samples (p = .0003 and p < .0001).
- Crush artifacts were significantly higher in 3 mm samples (p = .035), though fragmentation scores were similar (p = .935).
- Both forceps produced adequate samples for histopathology, copper quantification, and bacterial culture.
- No hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred, and both sizes were deemed safe and minimally invasive.
- Surface area ≥40 mm² strongly predicted ≥11 portal triads, a desirable threshold for reliable histopathology.
- Use of 3 mm instruments was easier in small dogs (<12 kg), but more challenging in larger dogs due to shaft length.
- Clinical diagnoses were unaffected by forceps size, even in the one discordant histologic pair.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Comparing 3 mm and 5 mm laparoscopic liver biopsy samples in dogs
2024-4-VS-larose1-5
In Logothetou 2024 et al., on SPF complications, which anatomic site for SPF reconstruction was associated with the fewest complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Complication rate for subdermal plexus flaps (SPFs) in dogs was 53.6%.
- Skin staples had a numerically higher complication rate (72.2%) than sutures (49.3%), but not statistically significant due to small sample size.
- Most common complication was wound dehiscence (35%), followed by seroma (14%) and wound discharge (14%).
- Increased body weight was significantly associated with higher complication risk (OR = 1.056 per kg; p = .029).
- Advancement flaps were associated with a lower incidence of complications on univariable analysis (p < .001).
- Head region flap closures had fewer complications, while proximal pelvic limb closures had the highest complication rate.
- Age was a risk factor—each additional year increased odds of complications (OR = 1.019; p = .004).
- Closure technique did not significantly influence complication severity, though staple use was numerically worse.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Complications and influence of cutaneous closure technique on subdermal plexus flaps in 97 dogs (2006–2022)
2024-3-VS-logothetou-3
In Ellis 2024 et al., which region showed significantly higher mean HU in Guide Dogs?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- 86 elbows assessed: 32 Guide Dogs, 11 Border Collies
- Guide Dogs showed significantly higher HU values in:
- MCP: min (p = 0.022), mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Humeral trochlea: mean (p < 0.01), max (p < 0.01)
- Results imply breed-associated HU variation, not necessarily pathologic sclerosis
- Relevance: Important to avoid false positives for elbow dysplasia during CT-based breeding screens
- Good interobserver agreement for mean HU values (ICC ~0.82–0.90)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
3
2024
Comparison of Hounsfield Units within the Humeral Trochlea and Medial Coronoid Process in a Population of Labrador X Golden Retriever Guide Dogs and Border Collies
2024-3-VCOT-ellis-2
In Schroeder 2022 et al., on fascial anatomy mapping, which fascial type is associated with periosteum and bony structures?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fascial planes in dogs were consistently classifiable into four surgical types:
- Type I (discrete sheets), Type II (tightly adhered to thin muscle), Type III (tightly adhered to thick muscle), and Type IV (periosteum-associated).
- Two junction types were identified: Type A (easily elevated) and Type B (higher risk of disruption).
- Disruption-prone areas include the scapular spine (type IV fascia) and lateral thorax near the 13th rib, where rib resection may be needed to preserve margins.
- The latissimus dorsi transition zones and fascial areas near the thoracic inlet and scapulohumeral joint were prone to fascial thinning or disruption.
- Partial muscle resections or periosteal elevations may be required in areas with fragile fascia to maintain oncologic margins.
- Dorsal spinous processes (T6–L6) showed type IV fascia; however, osteotomy may be needed in some dogs for clear margins.
- Blended fascial transitions (e.g., rectus abdominis: type II cranially, type I caudally) necessitate intraoperative judgment on resection depth.
- Cutaneous trunci may suffice as a deep margin for small, low-grade tumors in well-muscled dogs, but not reliably for high-grade or larger masses.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs. Part I: Neck and trunk
2022-1-VS-schroeder-5
In Mullins 2023 et al., on thoracolumbar pin placement, which of the following best explains the design advantage of 3DPGs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both free-hand probing (FHP) and 3D-printed guides (3DPG) enabled accurate spinal pin placement, with 87.5% vs 96.4% of pins graded as optimal (Grade I).
- 3DPGs had fewer intraoperative deviations (0/56 pins) compared to 6/56 with the FHP technique.
- No pins using either method fully breached the medial vertebral canal (Grade IIb) — a critical safety outcome.
- Pins placed using 3DPGs required less time overall (mean 2.6 min) than FHP (mean 4.5 min).
- FHP required specific experience and has a learning curve, whereas 3DPG use requires CAD software and 3D printing access.
- FHP had more lateral canal violations (Grade IIIa: 4/56 vs 0/56 for 3DPG), suggesting slightly less precision.
- Both techniques were safe, and all deviations were recognized and corrected intraoperatively.
- 3DPGs may offer practical advantages in clinical settings lacking surgical expertise, while FHP allows immediate intervention without 3D printing delay.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
Accuracy of pin placement in the canine thoracolumbar spine using a free-hand probing technique versus 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides: An ex-vivo study
2023-5-VS-mullins-5
In Quitzan 2022 et al., on staple line configuration, what was concluded about the vertical staple line?
🔍 Key Findings
- All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
- FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
- 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
- No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
- All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
- No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
- Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of staple line number and configuration on the leakage of small intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-quitzan-5
In Grimes 2022 et al., on PDA rupture risks, what best describes the utility of the Jackson-Henderson technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- Rupture occurred in 7.0% of dogs undergoing surgical PDA ligation (20/285).
- Overall mortality was low (0.4%), with only one death occurring post-rupture.
- Residual flow occurred in 9.4% of dogs; significantly more common in dogs with rupture.
- Residual flow odds were not increased when ligation was successfully performed despite rupture.
- No significant associations between rupture and age, weight, suture size, or dissection technique.
- Jackson-Henderson and intrapericardial techniques were helpful in managing rupture or fibrosis.
- Major complications (non-rupture) were rare (1.4%), including pulmonary artery ligation and cardiac arrest.
- Surgeon preparedness (e.g., hemostatic tools, alternate techniques) was key to successful outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs: Incidence and risk factors for rupture
2022-4-VS-grimes-4
In Longo 2023 et al., on CT trochlear measurements, what difference in FTGA was observed between small and medium/large breed dogs without MPL?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dogs with MPL had significantly shallower femoral trochlear grooves compared to controls, based on CT-measured femoral trochlear groove angle (FTGA).
- FTGA >134° in small breeds (SB) and >128° in medium/large breeds (MLB) were associated with MPL and can serve as surgical thresholds for considering trochleoplasty.
- FTA and FTRIA measurements were less reliable, showing lower sensitivity/specificity than FTGA.
- Inter-rater reliability for FTGA was excellent (ICC > 0.9), supporting its use in clinical decision-making.
- FTGA differed significantly between SB and MLB dogs, suggesting anatomical variation influences MPL predisposition.
- Dogs with MPL but with FTGA below threshold may not benefit from trochleoplasty, supporting individualized surgical planning.
- CT provides more precise and reproducible evaluation of trochlear morphology than radiography or ultrasound.
- The study introduces a CT protocol using P25 and P50 reference points for consistent FTGA measurement.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-longo-4
In Latifi 2024 et al., on fascial mapping in the canine hindlimb, which fascial structure was most suitable as a consistent surgical deep margin in the lateral thigh?
🔍 Key Findings
- This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
- Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
- Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
- Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
- In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
- In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
- Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs: Part III – Hindlimb and pelvis
2024-3-VS-latifi-4
In Maeta 2022 et al., on total cystectomy in cats, what describes the surgical modification to the ureter for the stomal anastomosis?
🔍 Key Findings
- First reported case of total cystectomy and bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat using a modified Toyoda technique.
- Histologically complete tumor resection was achieved, with tumor-free ureter and urethral margins >20 mm.
- The modified Toyoda technique involved shaping the ureter into a fish-mouth aperture and anastomosing it to a rectangular skin defect for stomal formation.
- Incontinence was managed using a diaper changed every 6–8 hours, with no dermatological complications.
- Obstruction of the right ureter occurred 14 months post-op, associated with a subcutaneous nodule at the anastomosis site.
- Despite incontinence, owner satisfaction and perceived quality of life were high, with the cat living ~16 months post-op.
- The stents were removed on days 7 (left) and 28 (right) postoperatively, with initial patency maintained until 14 months.
- This surgical approach may offer palliative or curative benefit for feline trigonal TCC where partial cystectomy is not feasible.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Modified Toyoda technique for total cystectomy and cutaneous ureterostomy in a cat
2022-8-VS-maeta-4
Quiz Results
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Key Findings