🔍 Key Findings

• Aiming device provided comparable trajectory accuracy to fluoroscopy, especially in right limbs (1.9° vs. 3.4°, p = .0128).
• Eccentricity (deviation from condylar center) was lower with fluoroscopy (3.1 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = .0017), making fluoroscopy more precise.
• Odds of joint infringement were 8× higher with the aiming device, though not statistically significant (p = .0575).
• Residents had greater screw trajectory deviation than diplomates (p = .0366), highlighting impact of experience.
• Aiming device procedures took less time than fluoroscopy in some scenarios, particularly for right limbs with right-handed surgeons.
• Fluoroscopic procedures had more pin/drill attempts, increasing risk of glove puncture and potential aseptic breaks.
• Mean deviation angles in both groups (<3.5°) were within acceptable range to avoid intracondylar fracture gap.
• Cadaver model used large-breed, healthy adult dogs, not small-breed immature dogs, limiting generalizability.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified subdural shunt (SDS) placement was adapted from prior techniques using a hemilaminectomy approach and no suturing of the dura or shunt.
• Dogs receiving SDS had significantly better long-term outcomes (85.7% improved) compared to those with durotomy alone (41.7%).
• Recurrence rate was lower in the SDS group (14.3%) than control (41.7%), though not statistically significant.
• Most recurrences occurred in Pugs (5/7), suggesting a breed predisposition.
• Shunt size was limited to 25% of spinal cord diameter, typically 3–3.5 Fr.
• CSF flow through the shunt was confirmed intraoperatively, supporting the role of SDS in maintaining flow and possibly preventing recurrence.
• Immediate postoperative outcomes were not different between groups (≈42% deteriorated), but long-term recovery was better with SDS.
• Steroid use pre-surgery did not correlate with improved outcome; fewer SDS dogs received steroids pre-op.

🔍 Key Findings

• Two-pin fixation had significantly greater strength (639 N) than single-pin fixation (426 N) in TTAF models (p = .003).
• Stiffness was also higher with two-pin constructs (72 N/mm vs 57 N/mm); statistically significant (p = .029).
• Both fixation types withstood loads greater than quadriceps force in dogs at a walk (240 N), indicating clinical viability.
• Failure was most commonly due to pin bending or pullout (82%), with fewer cases of ligament tearing or epiphyseal fracture.
• K-wire insertion angle (KWIA) did not significantly differ between fixation types (p = .13).
• Single larger pins delivered ~68% of the strength and ~83% of the stiffness of two smaller vertically aligned pins.
• Clinical implication: Two vertically aligned pins are biomechanically superior for TTAF fixation in canine models.
• Study used mature cadavers, which may underestimate loads and stiffness compared to immature clinical cases.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study Design: Prospective case series of 52 scans from 44 dogs with CCL injury.
• Main Technique: 16-slice CTA; evaluated by 3 observers with varying experience; validated against surgical mini-medial arthrotomy findings.
• Diagnostic Metrics (Reading 2):
  • Sensitivity: 1.00 (Observers 1 & 2), 0.93 (Observer 3)
  • Specificity: 0.78–0.91
  • Positive Likelihood Ratio: Up to 10.71
  • Negative Likelihood Ratio: As low as 0.08
  • Accuracy: 90%+ for all in Reading 2
• Observer Effect: Significant improvement between first and second reading for less experienced observers (p < 0.05); learning curve evident.
• Meniscal lesions found:
  • 9/12 in suspected late meniscal injury cases
  • 19/40 in newly diagnosed CCL cases
  • Most common = bucket handle tears
• Conclusion: Multidetector CTA is a clinically useful, non-invasive tool for identifying medial meniscal lesions in dogs with CCL disease.

🔍 Key Findings

• Refracture occurred in 5.5% of limbs, with higher incidence in the plate removal group (12.5%) vs. non-removal (3.5%).
• In the non-plate removal group, refractures occurred at the most distal screw site, linked to greater screw position change during growth (OR 1.79, p=0.04).
• Screw-to-bone diameter ratio (SBDR) >0.4 was a significant risk factor for refracture in the plate retention group.
• In the plate removal group, refractures occurred at the original fracture site, associated with lower pixel value ratio (bone mineral density) and reduced radial thickness.
• Implant-induced osteoporosis (IIO) beneath the plate likely contributed to refracture risk after plate removal.
• Younger age at fracture (<6 months) was associated with higher refracture risk due to ongoing radial growth and shifting screw position.
• No significant association was found between refracture and plate type (locking vs conventional), fixation method, or ulnar union.
• Recommendations include careful SBDR sizing, motion restriction, and cautious plate removal decisions in growing dogs.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Tactical harness use altered kinematics in all forelimb joints
• Elbow most affected: increased extension, internal rotation, abduction at walk and trot
• Carpus: reduced flexion, increased abduction at walk
• Shoulder: least affected, but showed reduced flexion and increased abduction during walk
• Only significant ROM increases:
  • Shoulder frontal plane (22%)
  • Elbow transverse plane (19%) at walk
• Results suggest potential functional limitations from harness use during duty

🔍 Key Findings

Case 1: Chest wall lift improved oxygenation (PaO₂ increased from 179.4 to 306.3 mmHg) and enabled thoracoscopic-assisted lobectomy in a cat with pleural effusion and pulmonary carcinoma.
Case 2: Chest wall lift using a Steinmann pin allowed 3-port thoracoscopic lobectomy for a bronchial foreign body; no complications observed.
Both cats: Lift increased working space and eliminated need for thoracotomy; no device-related complications.
Pretied ligating loops (PLL) were effective for hilar vessel ligation—preferred over staplers or self-locking ligatures in feline thorax.
Conclusion: Thoracic lift is a novel, minimally invasive method enhancing thoracoscopic procedures in small patients, particularly cats.

🔍 Key Findings

• No proximal femoral fractures occurred in any of the 184 hips with cerclage wire placement
• Cerclage wire was well tolerated, with no failures or complications related to the wire
• Application of a single cerclage wire took <10 minutes, was cost-effective, and required minimal instrumentation
• 3 postoperative complications (1 fissure, 2 fractures) occurred distal to the cerclage site, near the stem tip, requiring plate/screw fixation
• All dogs returned to normal activity, and all owners were satisfied with the outcome
• Cerclage placement location is critical—must be proximal to the lesser trochanter and close to the calcar to resist hoop strain
• Biomechanical evidence supports that cerclage wires improve resistance to hoop strain and subsidence of cementless stems
• Press-fit cementless stems may settle, but when supported by cerclage, this does not result in fractures even in undersized implants

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 124 dogs (64 S, 60 FFP); French Bulldogs most common (54/124)
• Pre-op clinical signs: Exercise intolerance (34/124), stertor (22), regurgitation (7), vomiting (12)
• Operative time (no concurrent procedure): Longer in FFP (75 vs 51 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic time: Longer in FFP (111 vs 80 min, p = .02)
• Anesthetic complications: Similar rates (FFP 50, S 49; p = .30)
• Post-op regurgitation: 27/124 (S: 17, FFP: 10; p = .18)
• Post-op aspiration pneumonia: Rare (S: 4, FFP: 5)
• Major complications: Rare (5/124); 2 dogs euthanized post-op (1 per group)
• Revision surgery: Needed in 7/124 (3 S, 4 FFP)

🔍 Key Findings

• CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
• COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
• Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
• LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
• CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
• All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
• Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
• Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).