🔍 Key Findings

• The addition of adrenaline (0.00198%) to bilateral maxillary nerve blocks significantly reduced intraoperative hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy (median reduction: 77.1%).
• Normalized hemorrhage (g/kg) and total hemorrhage (g) were significantly lower in the adrenaline group (p = .021 and p = .013, respectively).
• Surgeon-assessed hemorrhage scores were also significantly lower in the adrenaline group (median 2 vs. 3; p = .029), indicating improved surgical visibility.
• No adverse effects (e.g. tachycardia, arrhythmia, or hypertension) were observed with adrenaline administration.
• A standardized intraoral approach to the maxillary nerve block was used with 0.5 mL per side regardless of dog size.
• Breed effect observed: English Bulldogs had higher normalized hemorrhage, possibly due to anatomical variation or underdosing relative to size.
• Adrenaline may also prolong local anesthetic action and reduce blood aspiration risks, though this was not directly measured.
• The study supports the routine inclusion of adrenaline in maxillary nerve blocks for staphylectomy in BOAS patients to improve surgical field and reduce bleeding.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
• Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
• Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
• Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
• Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
• Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
• Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
• Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
• Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
• Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
• All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
• LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
• IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
• IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
• Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 12 dogs with medial or lateral tarsocrural joint instability (TCI), including 5 working farm dogs.
Procedure: Temporary immobilization using a calcaneotibial screw (CTS) combined with external coaptation (EC).
Stabilization techniques:

• 3 dogs = primary ligamentous repair
• 8 dogs = synthetic ligament reconstruction
• 2 dogs = malleolar fracture repair

Follow-up: Median 31 months (range 4–66); 10 owners completed outcome survey.
Outcomes:

• All 10 dogs had improved or resolved lameness.
• All 5 farm dogs returned to work (most at full or substantial capacity).
• Complication rate: 4 distinct events in 3 dogs (1 major = CTS breakage; 3 minor = bandage-related soft tissue injuries).

Conclusion: CTS + EC provided effective immobilization with low complication rate, and functional outcomes were favorable even in active dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mandibular and sublingual glands were the most commonly involved salivary glands in feline sialoceles.
• Left-sided lesions were more prevalent (71%) among affected cats.
• Ranulae were present in over half (57%) of cases, highlighting the importance of thorough oral exams.
• Surgical approaches included lateral, ventral, intraoral, or combinations thereof, with no recurrences reported.
• Marsupialization alone (without gland removal) resolved clinical signs in 4/21 cats, with no short-term recurrence noted.
• Complications occurred in 5/21 cats (24%), including incisional swelling and one case of feline oral pain syndrome.
• One cat experienced iatrogenic injury from misidentification of the mandibular lymph node as the gland.
• Median follow-up time beyond 30 days was 822 days (range: 90–1205), with no long-term recurrences or contralateral lesions observed.

🔍 Key Findings

• LVSG was feasible in 9/10 feline cadavers and both live cats, with no intra- or postoperative complications in live cases.
• Two cadavers developed suspected stenosis due to staple lines too close to the lesser curvature; avoided with orogastric tube placement in later cases.
• No evidence of gastric leakage in any cadavers (8/10 tested) or live patients after methylene blue leak tests.
• Mean surgical time was ~110 min cadavers / 115 min live, and 27.6% of stomach mass was resected.
• Both live cats recovered uneventfully, lost 21–24% body weight over 3 months, and had no GI complications at 6-month follow-up.
• Orogastric tube and tension on the greater curvature were critical to avoid staple line misplacement or stenosis.
• No oversew of the staple line was needed, and unreinforced staples showed no leakage in live patients.
• Future studies needed to assess metabolic outcomes and ideal staple sizing and closure techniques.

🔍 Key Findings

• Nasopharyngeal collapse was significantly more severe in brachycephalic dogs (median 65%) than in nonbrachycephalic controls (median 10%) (p = .0001).
• Postoperative fluoroscopy showed no significant improvement in nasopharyngeal collapse (p = .0505), despite reported clinical improvement.
• 70% of brachycephalic dogs had ≥50% collapse; 26% had 100% collapse preoperatively.
• All owners of surgical cases reported clinical improvement, including reduced respiratory noise and improved exercise tolerance.
• Surgical techniques used included combinations of alaplasty, staphylectomy, sacculectomy, and tonsillectomy.
• Improvement in nasopharyngeal dimensions was variable, with some dogs improving ≥45%, some worsening, and one dog showing a 100% increase post-op.
• Pharyngeal collapse may not be solely anatomical; neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g., reduced pharyngeal dilator muscle function) may contribute.
• Current surgical techniques may not address functional airway abnormalities, suggesting a need for multimodal or targeted interventions.

🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
• Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
• No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
• Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
• Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
• False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
• The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• 55 cases (49 dogs, 6 cats) with nonarticular tibial fractures were treated using linear ESF with a minimally invasive approach
• All fractures achieved radiographic union; no unacceptable outcomes were reported
• 40% complication rate, mostly minor (82%), primarily pin-tract morbidity; major complications (7%) included osteomyelitis and refracture
• Open fractures had significantly more major complications than closed ones (P = .019)
• Use of intraoperative imaging (72% cases) reduced surgery time but did not improve alignment (P > .05)
• Median surgery time: 74 min with imaging vs. 100 min without (P = .046)
• TPA was lower than normal in both dogs and cats, but did not correlate with poor outcomes
• 62% had full clinical recovery, and 38% had acceptable outcomes at fixator removal

🔍 Key Findings

• Esophageal pH-monitoring was well tolerated in all 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs, with no major adverse events reported.
• Distal GER occurred in 80% of dogs, but events were typically brief and non-productive; proximal GER occurred in only 39%.
• Upper reference limits for GER were 2.4 events/hour (distal) and 0.4 events/hour (proximal).
• Cumulative acid exposure was minimal: upper limits were 2.3% (distal) and 0% (proximal).
• Comparison with brachycephalic dogs shows significantly higher GER frequency and duration, validating the diagnostic utility of pH monitoring.
• Transnasal probe placement under light anesthesia was safe and less morbid compared to percutaneous or conscious techniques.
• No expelled or productive regurgitation occurred, despite some GER events, indicating efficient esophageal clearance in healthy dogs.
• Diet and fasting duration may affect GER, but these were not controlled variables in this study.